How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each other’s lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained form their parents. (375words)
1. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para.1) means ________.A.in a different family environment | B.in a different family tradition |
C.in different family crises | D.in different families |
A.get their parents’ individual guidance | B.learn a lot from their elder siblings |
C.experience a lot of difficulties | D.pick up words more quickly |
A.Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. | B.Siblings in some families fought frequently. |
C.Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. | D.Siblings learned to get on together from fights. |
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【推荐1】At the end of 2019, I learned that a software start-up, whose goal is to let the living communicate with the dead, was looking for applicants of its new project. Intrigued by what it was promising, I applied to experiment the software on my very-much-alive parents.
At first, I thought it would be just a fun project to see what was technologically possible. Then the pandemic (流行病) added some importance to the experiment. I was frightened that my parents might die, and that with the strict control on hospital visits at the time, I might never have the chance to say goodbye.
The first step of the experiment was an interview. My parents were asked questions by a technician for hours — about everything from their earliest memories to what they believe will happen after they die. Whether through pandemic-related concerns or a willingness to humor their daughter, my parents put up zero resistance. The company then took their responses and started to create the voice assistants. A few months later, my virtual parents arrived via email.
When I communicated with them through the app on my phone, my hands were shaking. I hadn’t seen my actual, real parents for six months. They told me personal stories I’d never heard. They gave me life advice and told me things about their childhoods, as well as my own. It was fascinating.
Personally, I have mixed feelings about my experiment. I’m glad to have my virtual parents. They’ve enabled me to learn new things about my parents, and it’s comforting to think that those bots will be there even when my parents aren’t. On the other hand, I can’t help but find it sad that it took a stranger interviewing my parents for me to properly know the complex people they are. But I feel lucky to have had the chance to grasp that and to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with them and learn more about them, face to face, no technology involved.
1. What does the underlined word “intrigued” mean in paragraph 1?A.Puzzled. | B.Attracted. | C.Accepted. | D.Expected. |
A.To record her parents’ voices when they are alive. |
B.To relieve the fright brought by the pandemic. |
C.To learn more about the life stories of her parents. |
D.To test out what the new technology might be like. |
A.They opposed joining the project at first. | B.They went through many interviews. |
C.They were patient and caring. | D.They died because of the pandemic. |
A.Technology allows us to learn more about our virtual parents. |
B.The development of technology has advantages and disadvantages. |
C.New technology means never saying goodbye to our parents. |
D.The real connection with our parents matters most. |
【推荐2】As my kids and I walked around a community garden the other week, I asked them what veggies they could identify. We were in Alberta, where many plants were still in their early stages of growth — I wasn’t optimistic about what the kids would be able to name by leaves alone. However, they called out, “Tomatoes! Potatoes! Carrots!” Their answers made me even prouder than if they’d just explained some knowledge of physics. All the time we’ve spent in our home garden is actually sinking in.
Although I’ve been gardening for years, this year feels different. Spending time in the garden has helped me with my own well-being at a trying time, and it has given me a new way to connect with my kids when I’m running out of steam.
My garden is wild, full of life, and a bit messy. Honestly, the same goes for my kids — and I don’t expect perfection from them either. Unless you’re relying on your yield for money or food, it’s a good idea to have your expectations for gardening as low as possible. My kids say they “love the garden” but “don’t like gardening” — I think they mean they don’t like the chores. If I have some weeding or potting to do, I’ll also have some entertainment for them, which can be as simple as “find these 10 rocks” or “wet this plot with your water gun”.
Involving the kids in every stage of the process can be powerful and fun, even if what you have are just a few containers on a balcony. “Gardening allows us to spend free, unscheduled outdoor time with our kids,” writes journalist and author Shannon Brescher Shea in her book Growing Sustainable Together. “Let your kids lead the way. Invite them to participate in every step, from planting to harvesting, but don’t force it.”
One of the best things about gardens is the food, but frankly, my kids are not going to be pushing greens into their mouths any time soon. Finding uses for garden goods that go beyond food production can spark interest and supply you with some unexpectedly good results.
1. What can the author infer from her kids’ answers?A.It’s worthwhile to spend time in her garden. |
B.It’s great to witness her kids’ academic progress. |
C.It’s necessary for kids to know common sense. |
D.It’s difficult for kids to learn plants in early stages. |
A.It is in a complete mess. | B.It has a rise in output. |
C.It has been abandoned for long. | D.It goes as nature takes its course. |
A.By giving rewards afterwards. | B.By giving more encouragement. |
C.By adding recreational activities. | D.By asking them to have short breaks. |
A.Teaching kids the power and fun of harvesting. |
B.Encouraging kids’ active participation. |
C.Allowing kids to observe every step carefully. |
D.Setting an example for kids in doing gardening. |
【推荐3】One of the hardest parts of living abroad is being away from your loved ones, especially your family. While my friends are so important to me, I’ve personally found it more difficult being away from family.
However, I was fortunate that my mum and sister recently found the time to see me. Both my sister and I have major birthdays this year as she's tuming 18 and I'll be 21. My sister is a very big music fan and this year, I created my status as the best older sister by keeping an eye out for music concerts in Paris. In our home town of Leicester, we don’t regularly get many well-known artists playing in our city. But in Paris, I managed to get the best 18th birthday present of all: tickets for all three of us to see my sister’s favorite American rapper, Angel Haze.
I will try to visit for my sister’s actual birthday in June, the chance for my sister and my mum to visit became a birthday treat. The experience of finding our way together to the concert or getting to show them around the Paris sites such as the Eiffel Tower,the Arc du Triomphe and even my favorite ice cream place,Amorino, was an amazing memory for us all !Despite the fact that I felt the slight pressure to make sure the weekend went smoothly,even the heavy rain failed to dampen our mood.
Therefore, while it can be difficult being away from home and potentially missing big family moments,there are ways to avoid the sadness and find a way to make the best of your situation to create an unforgettable memory. Just like the continuing rain while we went up the Eiffel tower, every cloud has a silver lining, because then we got the funniest photos ever!
1. What can be known about the author while living abroad?A.She knew her friends were all homesick. |
B.She realized friends were more important. |
C.She somewhat missed her parents and siblings. |
D.She knew she she do her best to study. |
A.She disliked the dull and dry life in her hometown. |
B.She in fact loved music no less than her sister. |
C.She thought American rapper was the most popular. |
D.She showed deep love for her younger sister. |
A.Inspire. | B.Damage. |
C.Protect. | D.Remind. |
A.She is easy to be homesick. |
B.She is responsible for her family. |
C.She has a positive attitude. |
D.She is skilled in taking photos. |
【推荐1】Wanting to lose weight or quit smoking are often resolutions made at the beginning of the New Year. Meg Baker, one University of Alabama at Birmingham wellness expert says there is a key ingredient to being successful health-wise in the coming year. About half of the most popular resolutions made each year are health-related, according to the United States government. In addition to losing weight and quitting smoking, they include eating healthier foods, getting fit, managing stress and drinking less alcohol.
Meg Baker says while the focus on self-improvement is good, an individual must be ready to make a change in order to actually do so. “Readiness to change is a big factor,” Baker said. “Based on the stages of the change model: precontemplation (unwilling to make a change), contemplation (considering a lifestyle change) and action, you have to want to change your lifestyle to successfully improve your health.”
Develop small, short-term goals that will fit into your schedule; these should be realistic. Consider the benefits and reasons for the change. Talk to a family member, friend or co-worker about goals, this accountability will increase the possibility of your staying committed to a new gym plan or quit-smoking play, and they may want to join you.
Baker says starting small increases the possibility of success. Find a form of exercise that you love, make small nutritional changes like packing a lunch or cooking dinner at home, and get digital reinforcements by using tracking systems and apps.
Additionally, Baker says, because so much time is spent at work, it is a good idea to consider signing up for workplace wellness programs, if offered. “Many companies want to see their employees thrive, so they will offer incentives to help them improve their health, like the My Health Rewards program we are starting at UAB,” Baker said. “Whether it is to improve your energy level, improve mood, combat health conditions and disease, or to be there for your kids, future, there’s always a reason that a resolution was made,” Baker said.
“So when the going gets tough, remind yourself of why you’re making a lifestyle change, and this will keep you motivated.” Also, consider modifications to the new plan if it isn’t viable. Baker said, “If the new plan proves it can’t be done, switch things up. Variety is the key to life and can keep you from getting burned out.”
1. What does the passage mainly tell us?A.At the beginning of the New Year people want to lose weight. |
B.At the beginning of the New Year people want to quit smoking. |
C.Readiness to keep fit is the most popular New Year’s resolution. |
D.Readiness to change is important to commit to the New Year’s resolutions. |
A.if you develop small, short-term goals, you will succeed |
B.people should not develop big, long-term goals |
C.sharing goals with others can help people keep to their plans |
D.the resolutions made at the beginning of the New Year are hard to achieve |
A.Negative. | B.Positive. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Doubtful. |
A.practical | B.detailed | C.original | D.perfect |
【推荐2】Asthma (哮喘) is a condition that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. It is a lung disease that affects your airways—the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs. It causes the muscles in these tubes to contract, the tubes themselves to swell and sticky mucus to be produced. All of these factors can make it very difficult for a sufferer to breathe properly.
Shortness of breath, especially after exercise, coughing or difficulty breathing while sleeping are all common symptoms. These can be described as mild asthma attacks; however, they can usually be controlled by medication. A severe asthma attack, on the other hand, where a sufferer finds it very difficult to breathe, may require hospital treatment. How badly you are affected by these symptoms depends on what types of asthma you have—from mild to chronic—and how well you are able to control the disorder.
Mild or moderate asthma can be easily controlled through medication or lifestyle changes. Additionally, all attacks need a trigger, and if these triggers can be identified and avoided, the likelihood of an attack decreases. Triggers can include: pollution, smoking, dust, animal hair, stress, pollen, exercise and cold air. These triggers are personal to each individual sufferer, so if you have asthma, make sure you know what is causing your attacks.
In the last half-century there have been many developments in the treatment of asthma. There are presently two main types of medicine: preventers and relievers. A preventer is used every day and reduces the swelling of the airways, cutting the risk of an attack. A reliever is taken when breathing has become (or is going to become) difficult; this actually relaxes the muscles of the airways, reducing constriction and improving the airflow.
Prevention is also good treatment. So if you have asthma, remember to keep generally healthy, take regular exercise and lots of vitamin C to avoid colds and flu —which can be dangerous for asthma sufferers. A healthy diet is also important, and do watch what you eat, as certain foods or food additives can be asthma triggers.
1. What happens to the organs in an asthma attack?A.Lungs expand. | B.Tubes tighten. |
C.Airways narrow. | D.Muscles swell. |
A.Common symptoms. | B.Types of attack. |
C.Medical treatment. | D.Severity of disorder. |
A.Cause. | B.Treatment. | C.Relief. | D.Result. |
A.Advance prevention. | B.Healthy diet. |
C.Proper medication. | D.Excessive exercise. |
Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a person’s skin color. The more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be. The amount of and the production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with less sunlight, a person’s body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.
Skin color is also affected by another source ---- vitamin D. humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production. Therefore, a dark—skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light—skinned person when they received the same amount of sunlight.
The connection between vitamin D production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution. The earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin. As a result, their skin made less melanin, so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D.
Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors. Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our melanin production, and eventually, skin color.
Brief | People living in a particular |
Reason for skin color | The reasons for different skin colors mainly |
Biology reasons | The amount of melanin, by which a person’s skin color is Vitamin D is another source |
Historical reasons | The earliest people in Africa hioknj006Dad dark skin with hair covering it because the sunlight is very strong. When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to Generally speaking, people in areas with strong sunlight, have darker skin |
Melanin |
【推荐1】Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn .Today's festivals have many origins: some are seasonal, some for special people and some for special events.
Dragon Boat Festival celebrations take place in China on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. They are held in memory of Qu Yuan, a famous person who wrote poems in Ancient China. It was the first traditional Chinese festival added to UNESCO'S List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Thanksgiving is celebrated mainly in North America, in October or November. Traditionally, it was a chance to give thanks for a good year, Now. i is also a time for families to get together for a big dinner.
May Day s a festival to celebrate the start of summer, with celebrations held across Europe and in parts of North America. People prepare decorations with flowers and dance around poles.
The Spring Festival that is also called Chinese New Year is one of the most important Festivals in China.It stars with a new moon and ends 15 day later on the full moon, marking the beginning of spring .During this festival,people eat dumpling, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. Nowadays, more and more countries around the world are holding celebrations for Chinese Spring Festival.
Festivals let us enjoy life , be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
1. How many festivals are introduced in the text?A.Two. | B.Three | C.Four | D.Five. |
A.May Day. | B.Thanksgiving. |
C.The Spring Festival. | D.Dragon Boat Festival |
A.Pies and chicken. | B.Dumplings and fish. |
C.Noodles and meat. | D.Sandwiches and Turkey. |
A.In China | B.Across Europe. |
C.in North America | D.In South Africa. |
A.The introduction of some festivals. | B.The activities of some festivals. |
C.The customs of some festivals. | D.The history of some festivals. |
【推荐2】Pandas have always been one of the cutest creatures of the animal kingdom, but did you know that there are actually two types of pandas?
These animals are divided into Sichuan and Qinling subspecies (亚种群). The Qinling giant panda, which lives in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, has a round head and short mouth, which makes it look like a cat. The Sichuan giant panda, which lives in Sichuan province, is more bear-like and has a bigger and more oval (椭圆形的) head, according to a study published in a recent issue of the Chinese Science Bulletin.
The study, conducted by Zhejiang University, the BGI Life Science Research Institution and the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, showed the subspecies’ differences and evolutionary (进化的) characteristics, including the first report on the genome (基因组) of the Qinling subspecies.
The two subspecies evolved around 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, which means they haven’t contacted one another for at least 10,000 years. Besides their different physical features, the Sichuan subspecies is better adapted to survive in the wild due to its history of greater genetic variation. The Qinling subspecies never migrated (迁徙) across the Yellow River Basin, so it has had no major changes in genetic variation.
The key factors affecting the long-term survival of a species are its ability to reproduce and develop immunity (免疫力) against disease. When it comes to making babies, the Sichuan subspecies is more reproductive than the Qinling subspecies, said Fang Shengguo, a professor at Zhejiang University’s College of Life Sciences.
Pandas were once meat eaters but later turned to a bamboo diet. In response to the huge changes in their eating habits, they evolved relatively small internal organs to slow down their metabolism (新陈代谢). Changes in giant panda genes are mainly related to their reproductive system, which may be responsible for their reduced reproduction, according to the study.
Accurate genetic management is important in artificial breeding (繁殖) and conservation, Fang pointed out. He also suggested gene exchanges between small populations of pandas within the same subspecies should be sped up, which could help reduce inbreeding (近亲交配) and genetic decline. “Unless the species is in danger, interbreeding between the two subspecies should be avoided as much as possible. Otherwise, the reproduction of the offspring (后代) may be reduced, which would be very bad for the Sichuan subspecies population,” said Fang, who also noted the importance of restoring pandas habitats.
1. What do we know about pandas?A.The Sichuan subspecies tends to live longer. |
B.They mainly live in two provinces in China. |
C.The Qinling subspecies is less able to reproduce. |
D.The two subspecies share similar facial features. |
A.The frequent migration in the wild. |
B.The shortage of bamboo for them to eat. |
C.The decreased immunity against disease. |
D.The changes in genes related to reproduction. |
A.Accurate genetic management. |
B.The restoration of pandas’ habitats. |
C.Interbreeding between the two subspecies. |
D.Gene exchanges within the same subspecies. |
A.To report on new research about pandas. |
B.To inform people of how pandas evolved. |
C.To compare different subspecies of pandas. |
D.To call on people to protect the endangered species. |
【推荐3】When you purchase fresh-cut flowers, do you think about where they came from? It might make sense to think they were grown somewhere nearby. The reality, though, is that the cut flower trade is increasingly international. Today, thanks to airplanes and high-tech cooling systems, even the most delicate flower can be exported, and sold in a florist thousands of kilometers away from where it was grown.
The country that dominates the world cut flower trade is the Netherlands. It handles about 60 percent of the world’s cut flowers. The Netherlands is also a world leader in developing new flower varieties. Dutch companies and the government invest a considerable amount of money in flower research. Their scientists look for ways to lengthen a flowers vase life, to strengthen flowers to prevent them from being damaged while traveling, and also to strengthen the natural fragrance of the flowers.
Despite the Netherlands dominance (优势)of the flower market, there are many places with a better climate for growing flowers, and the climate of Ecuador is almost perfect. Mauricio Davalos is the man responsible for starting Ecuador’s flower industry. “Our biggest edge is nature,” he claims. “Our roses are the best in the world.” Every year, Ecuador sells about 500 million flowers to the U.S. alone. The industry has brought employment opportunities and a stronger economy to regions of the country. “My family has TV now. There are radios,” says Yolanda Quishpe, 20, who picked roses for four years.
To others, the increasingly international nature of the flower trade is very bad new. In recent years, local growers in the U.S. faced huge competition from international flower companies, and many lost their businesses, Lina Hale, an independent rose grower in California, said her father had predicted the situation. “I see a freight train coming down the track,” he warned her, “and it’s coming straight towards us.”
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A.Cut flowers can survive a long trip. |
B.You should buy flowers from local florists. |
C.Flowers you buy come from far away places. |
D.Few thinks about where they buy your flowers. |
A.Dutch companies and the government. |
B.airplane and high-tech cooling companies. |
C.Ecuador’s local flower growers and pickers. |
D.American businessmen and their government. |
A.difference | B.end |
C.challenge | D.advantage |
A.He could predict a train was soon to arrive. |
B.He knew his business would be threatened. |
C.He thought customers wouldn’t want roses. |
D.He thought trains were the new way to move flowers. |