Brainstorming usually means getting a group of people together to generate new ideas. I have found a unique way of brainstorming by getting the artificial intelligence program ChatGPT to generate interesting questions and answers.
I am now working on a chapter on musical consciousness and ChatGPT has generated great questions like “What are good questions about the role of consciousness in music?” Typically, ChatGPT produces 10-20 new questions including ones that probably would not have occurred to me even with quite a lot of research. The questions generated by ChatGPT are distinct. Many of them are surprising, and some of them are highly valuable. Therefore, ChatGPT’s question generation seems to me to qualify as creative.
After ChatGPT generates a list of questions, you can get it to answer one question at a time. This process of getting ChatGPT to provide questions and answers could go on and on and on, although some repetition will turn up. The questions are always interesting, but I don’t trust the answers until I can check them out in reliable sources because ChatGPT has a bad reputation for making stuff up.
I call this new method “ChatStorming”, but it raises some difficult questions: the first is whether it is plagiarism(剽窃)to use answers provided by ChatGPT. ChatGPT has no copyright to its materials. However, it would still be intellectually dishonest to claim the writing produced by ChatGPT as your own. The second: Is ChatGPT truly capable of generating new ideas? ChatGPT is skillful at producing creative questions, but how about concepts, hypotheses(假设), and methods? To my astonishment, the results are definitely novel and surprising, but I don’t yet know whether they can also be valuable. It will take much testing and evaluation to determine whether ChatGPT and even better models like GPT-4 can be creative with new ideas as well as questions.
A third question is what it would take for a large language model to dominate humans. Large language models are major advances in AI that can further improve human creativity, but they are to be confirmed.
1. For what purpose did the author use ChatGPT?| A．To seek some musical help. | B．To improve his music taste. |
| C．To question its safety. | D．To study its limitations. |
| A．The author refuses to accept them. |
| B．The author can easily understand them. |
| C．The author thinks highly of them. |
| D．The author is cautious of accepting them. |
| A．It can be used as freely as possible. |
| B．It can provide more valuable methods. |
| C．Its creativity requires to be tested. |
| D．It can benefit humans a lot. |
| A．A technology report. | B．A product introduction. |
| C．A natural science magazine. | D．A personal blog. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence (AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of individual chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild. The new software will allow researcher and wildlife conservationists to greatly cut back on time spent analyzing videos, according to the new paper published today in Science Advances.
“For species like chimpanzees, which have complex social lives and live for many years, getting photos of their behavior from short-term field research can only tell us so much.” says Dan Sehofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University’s Primate Models Lab, School of Anthropology. “By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files, it makes it possible to measure behavior over the long term.”
The computers model was trained using over 10 million images (影像) from Kyoto University’s Primate Research Institute (PRI) video files of wild chimpanzees in Guinea, West Africa. The new software is the first to continuously track and recognize individuals in a wide range of posed, performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting and poor image quality.
“Access to this large video file has allowed us to use the newest deep neural networks to train models at a scale that was previously not possible,” says Arsha Nagrani, co-author of the study and DPhil student at the Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. “Additionally, our new software differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to raw videos with limited manual intervention (人工干预) or pre-processing, saving hours of time.”
The technology has potential for many uses, such as monitoring species for conservation. Although the present application focused on chimpanzees, the software provided could be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of AI systems to solve a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.
1. What’s the purpose of developing the new software?| A．To save wildlife researchers’ time spent in the wild. |
| B．To keep track of wildlife conservationists’ behavior. |
| C．To protect chimpanzees and help them to live longer. |
| D．To recognize and track the faces of wild chimpanzees. |
| A．Getting photos. | B．Analyzing videos. |
| C．The new AI software. | D．A powerful machine. |
| A．The unique advantages of the new software. |
| B．Some limitations of using the new software. |
| C．The working principles of the new software. |
| D．Controversial attitudes to the new software. |
| A．The new software has a quite bright future. |
| B．The application of the technology can be tough. |
| C．Technology is the final goal of scientific research. |
| D．AI systems are widely used in the wildlife sciences. |
【推荐2】How could we live without the Internet? That’s how most of us keep in touch with friends, find homework support, research cool place to visit, or find out the latest news.
No Talking to strangers
Since you were a little kid, your parents have probably told you not to talk to stranger.
It can be fun to make new friends, but do not communicate with strangers you meet online.
Keep Your Privacy(隐私)
Anybody who uses the Internet has been asked to sign in, log in, or create a personal profile(简介). Kids need to check with a parent or grown-up before doing so. Why?
Another way to keep your privacy is to choose a screen name or email account name that isn’t your real name.
| A．You can do all these things online |
| B．The same goes for the online world |
| C．Let your parents know if a stranger emails you |
| D．This information could be used for reasons you wouldn’t like |
| E．Don’t ask the strangers too many questions for information |
| F．Think carefully before you create an email address or screen name |
| G．Don’t talk to them, agree to phone them, or email them photos of yourself |
【推荐3】If you can’t get your hands off your cell-phone, you have unknowingly become a slave to this device. Being addicted to a cellphone can be potentially harmful. Here are some reasons why you should use your cellphone less.
You should focus more on personal interactions in real life. Can you hug your dad and feel his strength through the phone?
Your grades will go up. Leave your phone behind when going to school. Once you get home, don’t lie on the bed and text your friends.
You need to give your mind a break. Constantly chatting on the phone puts too much pressure on your brain, which does great harm to both your physical and mental health.
You need to keep away from anxiety. Research has shown that people who use cellphones all day long are more anxious and restless. They seem to look for recognition and acceptance through the device.
| A．Get through your homework first. |
| B．Do you often care about your mom? |
| C．You should develop your true interests. |
| D．You should continuously learn new things. |
| E．Can you kiss your mom good-night over the phone? |
| F．When they don’t get that, they will become depressed. |
| G．So make your mind rest so that you can think and function well the next day. |
【推荐1】The world’s biggest COVID9-9 vaccine (疫苗) study started on Monday. A total of 30,00 volunteers will help test the effectiveness and safety of a shot developed by the National Institutes of Health and drug maker Moderna.
The volunteers will each receive two doses (剂量) of a shot. They will not know whether they are getting the real vaccine or false version (版本) Scientists will then closely follow the volunteers as they go about their daily activities. They want to see which group experiences a higher rate of infections (感染), especially in areas where the virus still is spreading unchecked.
Volunteers from more than 80 test areas across the country will take part in the study. Moderna said the first vaccines were given Monday morning in Savannah, Georgia. The U.S. government requires its tests of any vaccine that might be used in the country. The aim is not just to test if a vaccine works, but also to check if it is safe.
Through the government-funded COVID-19 Prevention Network, the U.S. plans a new study for vaccine candidates (候选人) each month through autumn. Each will involve30,000 newly chosen volunteers. The hope is that, by using the same rules for each study, scientists will be easily able to compare the vaccines. In August, the U.S. will carry out its final stages of Oxford University’s vaccine candidate. The study of Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine will start in September. Drug maker Pfizer also plans to carry out its own 30,000-person study this summer.
That is a lot of volunteers needed to test possible vaccines. But in recent weeks, more than 150,000 Americans have registered to volunteer for the studies, says Dr. Larry Corey. He is with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute in Seattle, Washington. It normally takes years to create a new vaccine from start to finish. But this time, scientists are setting speed records.
1. What can be learned according to the second paragraph?| A．The volunteers will be divided into two groups. |
| B．A false version will influence the volunteers poorly. |
| C．Every volunteer gets two doses of shot at different times. |
| D．Scientists will keep the volunteers in a special place. |
| A．This test involves volunteers from different countries. |
| B．Some volunteers have been injected with the vaccine. |
| C．The aim of the test is to see how the vaccine works. |
| D．The U.S. government intends to do tests nationwide. |
| A．The tests need many more than 150,000 volunteers |
| B．The vaccines made in a hurry have not potential safety issues. |
| C．It is hoped that vaccine is the best hope against the virus. |
| D．It is better to put off using the vaccines on humans. |
| A．COVID-19 Vaccine Starts Test with Volunteers |
| B．Moderna Are to Develop COVID-19 Vaccine |
| C．150,000 Registered to Get COVID-19 Vaccine |
| D．COVID-19 Vaccine Gets Support from U.S. Government |
【推荐2】Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test before they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now to include a writing part.
Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies have developed computer programs. These can grade students writing more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost less to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial intelligence to think in a way like teachers. In the State of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by the human readers.
The entrance test commonly used by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.
Systems are also being used to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writing against those already examined.
How do teachers feel all about this? Many say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand what a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.
But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems are meant to judge knowledge more than creativity.
1. What do the teachers think of the computer system?| A．They think highly of the computer systems since they are fast. |
| B．They don’t think that computers can grade writing as well as people. |
| C．They believe that computers can understand a writer’s idea well. |
| D．They are glad computers will spare their effort to correct student’s school work. |
| A．Saving much of teachers’ time. | B．Saving a lot of money. |
| C．Being fair and objective. | D．Appreciating humor and beauty. |
| A．Computer-graded Writing System | B．Human-graded Writing |
| C．How to Improve Students’ Writing | D．Advantages of E-readers |
【推荐3】Artist David Bowie may have sung “Is there life on Mars?” in 1971 but the dream of finding or placing living creatures on the red planet is still alive. Oxygen, of course, is critical. Thanks to a large leap in scientific technology, there is now a machine which can produce oxygen in certain environment, and it is a giant step of Mars exploration. Scientists are thrilled because the Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE) will hopefully make astronauts survive on Mars.
NASA’S Perseverance Mars Rover is a machine of many wonders. Attached to the exploring robot is a particularly innovative device, MOXIE. When started, the device takes several hours to warm up. It then begins filtering(过滤) and pressuring air pulled from Mars’ atmosphere. The air then undergoes an hour-long breakdown process in the part of the machine known as the Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOXE). It breaks air molecules(分子) into carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and oxygen. The collected oxygen is, of course, the breathable element we are all familiar with here on Earth. MOXIE produces 0.2 ounces of oxygen per hour—about as much as a small tree does through photosynthesis(光合作用).
Testing MOXIE’S performance under different conditions is a critical research. “The productivity of MOXIE is unstable,” the investigator Jeffrey Hoffman, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says in a statement. “The atmosphere of Mars is far more changeable than Earth. The density of the air on Mars can vary by a factor or two through the year, and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees. One objective is to show we can run in all seasons.” The team has tested it in fall, winter, and various times of day. They hope to confirm it also works in spring, as well as at dawn and dusk when Mars’ temperatures change rapidly.
Demonstrations of MOXIE’S success offer hope that missions to Mars will be more practicable than previously thought. “To support a human mission to Mars, we have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth, like computers spacesuits and habitats.” Hoffman says. “But oxygen? If you can make it there, go for it you’re way ahead of the game.” Scientists hope a scaled-up model could arrive before astronauts and begin preparing a habitable amount of oxygen for a team of six astronauts arriving months later. The key is how the earlier-arrived MOXIE works without humans.
1. Why are scientists excited?| A．MOXIE helps prepare for human Mars exploration. |
| B．MOXIE helps confirm the existence of life on Mars. |
| C．MOXIE is expected to turn Mars into another Earth. |
| D．MOXIE is the first demonstration of technology on Mars. |
| A．To give off oxygen into Mars’ atmosphere. | B．To remove oxygen from air molecules. |
| C．To filter air from Mars’ atmosphere. | D．To warm up MOXIE. |
| A．Its method of transportation. | B．Its consumption of energy. |
| C．Its test result. | D．Its adaptation to Mars’ atmosphere. |
| A．How to land MOXIE on mars. | B．How to make MOXIE automatic. |
| C．How to match equipment with MOXIE. | D．How to increase the production of MOXIE. |
【推荐1】You probably hear it all the time — people telling you to “learn English”. But does this mean children in English-speaking countries don’t need to bother learning a new language? Not at all. In fact, an even larger number of young people will soon be taught foreign languages, thanks to the mental advantages of bilingualism.
Psychologists once thought that growing up bilingual might lead to verbal delays－a late or absent development of talking. But US magazine Scientific American has revealed that this is not true, and reported that children who speak more than one language “show greater mental flexibility, a superior grasp of abstract concepts and a better working memory.” As the New York Times put it, “being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter.”
In Europe, learning foreign languages is increasingly popular. A European report shows that from 2005-2010, the percentage of European students learning a foreign language rose from 67.5 percent to 79.2 percent. Most European kids start learning another language at age 6. In Belgium, it starts at 3. New reforms being introduced in the UK will mean all children could be taught a foreign language, such as Mandarin or Greek, from the age of 7. The most popular foreign language for European kids was English, followed by German and French.
In comparison, Americans don’t give a fig for learning foreign languages. Compared to 50 percent of European adults who are bilingual, only 9 percent of adults in the US are fluent in more than one language, according to a 2011 report. American students are often not exposed to a second language until high school.
However, recent statistics show demand is growing in the US for people to become more bilingual. According to a USA Today chart released in July, 21 percent of US children speak another language at home. A number of institutions in the country are also pushing foreign languages in schools. Three school districts in Delaware will launch Chinese and Spanish programs next year. More people are learning Chinese, French and Spanish.
1. Psychologist used to believe that children who grow up bilingual ________.| A．are more flexible mentally |
| B．are slow in the development of talking |
| C．have a poorer working memory |
| D．are smarter in understanding abstract concept |
| A．Americans are more interested in learning another language than Europeans |
| B．British kids began to learn foreign languages at the earliest age |
| C．21% of US children study a foreign language in the school |
| D．not all schools in America are teaching foreign languages |
| A．attach importance to |
| B．have talent for |
| C．invest money in |
| D．have demand for |
| A．Mandarin and Greek. |
| B．English, German and French. |
| C．Chinese, French and Spanish. |
| D．Chinese, German and Greek. |
| A．Chinese is becoming more popular in western countries. |
| B．The benefits and advantages of growing up bilingual. |
| C．Western worlds are paying more attention to learning foreign languages. |
| D．The differences between bilingual education in Europe and USA. |
【推荐2】Imagine two students. One is constantly shifting in his seat, looking around the classroom, and spinning his pencil. Another is sitting very still with his hands folded, watching you attentively. Which one is paying closer attention to your words and comprehending more of the lesson?
As a teacher of ADHD (多动症) students, I've learned that all is not as it seems. Some students are better able to control their emotions and minds when their bodies are free to move. This includes students who are autistic (自闭症). Additionally, autistic students often find eye contact uncomfortable and listen best while looking away.
If such students must squeeze their behavior into what many teachers call whole body listening—a motionless body and controlled stare—it could actually disturb their concentration. Perhaps a student who seems distracted (分心) is using his ways to effectively self-control, while one who appears to be listening may be distracted by the need to keep up appearances.
But this doesn't apply to all students. For some, the typical behavior of a "good listener" really does mean that they' re paying attention. So, if you can't use movement or eye contact as a standard of paying attention, how can you tell whether a student is listening attentively?
There are ways you can use to help students to figure this out. Give students freedom to experiment with ways to listen. You could start by explaining to students that you care more about what their minds are doing than what their bodies are doing. Then let them know they are free to look around and move around, as long as they make a sincere effort to listen.
The phrase whole body listening doesn't have to mean controlling natural movement. If we consider the diversity of what various bodies do while listening, whole body listening can take on a new, wide meaning—truly using your whole body to help you listen well.
1. Why are two students mentioned in paragraph 1?| A．To draw the attention of the readers. |
| B．To present an argument about listening. |
| C．To show what different students do in class. |
| D．To warn students to listen to teachers carefully. |
| A．Ask them to answer questions. | B．Control their body movements. |
| C．Limit their emotions and minds. | D．Avoid watching them in the eyes. |
| A．Who can be a good listener. | B．What good listening looks like. |
| C．The effort students make to listen. | D．The freedom to move around in class. |
| A．The new meaning of whole body listening. |
| B．The natural body movements when listening. |
| C．The teachers' view on whole body listening. |
| D．The ways to listen with the whole body. |
【推荐3】We can probably all agree that it is good to be kind, moral (道德的) to be kind, nice to be kind, but does it lead to success in life? After all, isn’t kindness about putting other people’s interests first? Doesn’t it require self-sacrifice?
Yet consider these well-known people: James Timpson, boss of the Timpson chain of shoe repairers; Jacinda Ardern, the prime minister of New Zealand. These two are clearly “winners” in their fields, and yet both put kindness at the heart of their strategies for success. What they have found is that taking a more compassionate (同情心) and apparently “softer” approach to business, politics and sports management brings positive results, not just for the benefit of people who work for them, but for their own benefit. The traditional idea that you have to be cruel, driven and focused on number one if you want to achieve success is being discredited (不足为信的).
It’s notable (值得注意的)that in the field of business research, kind leadership is more often referred to as “ethical” (有道德的) leadership, maybe because it sounds less soft. But whatever you decided to call it, studies have shown that it can result in a more positive atmosphere at work and that employees perform better too. There’s evidence that even small acts of kindness and cooperation by anyone can make a difference in a workplace. An example might be getting the printer mended, rather than leaving it broken for the next person to find, or watering the plants in the office. These actions aren’t required as part of the job, but if we carry them out, the working environment is a little better for everyone.
Of course, there are still plenty of examples of people who do well in life, but they are self-centered and unkind to others. But the point is that despite what we might see, you don’t have to be hard-nosed (不讲情面的) to get on in business or other highly competitive walks of life. You can’t be a winner simply through being kind of course — you need motivation, dedication and skills too — but there’s more and more evidence that showing some kindness as you pursue your goal is no barrier (障碍) to success.
1. Why does the author include questions in the first paragraph?| A．To enrich the content. | B．To reveal a truth. |
| C．To express different attitudes. | D．To encourage readers to think. |
| A．Kindness can be a win-win result for both employees and employers in business. |
| B．There is no doubt that to be ruthless, driven and focused on number one can lead to success. |
| C．The positive atmosphere in the workplace is part of the job. |
| D．Motivation, dedication, skills and kindness can prevent you from achieving success. |
| A．By comparing various ideas. | B．By listing different people. |
| C．By collecting the supporting examples. | D．By observing the workers’ reaction. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Concerned. | C．Supportive. | D．Mixed. |
【推荐1】Ludwig van Beethoven is undoubtedly one of the greatest musicians that ever lived. Unfortunately, he died while still working on his 10th Symphony (交响曲). Now, a team of musicians and scientists have used artificial intelligence(AI) to complete the artist’s final work.
Dr. Matthias Roder first came up with the idea to complete the composition in 2019, believing it was a special way to celebrate Beethoven’s 250th birthday in December 2020. He invited music composer Walter Werzowa and Dr. Ahmed Elgammal, the creator of AI technology for the art market to help him with the great task.
Elgammal and his partner started the process by first familiarizing the AI software with a wide range of classical music, and then, narrowed it to just Beethoven’s work. Meanwhile, Werzowa and his group tried to understand the rough sketches (草稿) and the handful of notes that detailed Beethoven’s plans for the 10th Symphony.
The team then began the careful task of feeding the AI software musical notes from the unfinished composition. Elgammal says that since music has fixed rules, AI can predict the next note reasonably accurately. However, it starts to deviate from the central theme after a few notes. To stay true to Beethoven’s original composition, Elgammal’s team sent Werzowa hundreds of AI-produced musical note every evening. Werzowa would listen to them and then select the one that he thought was closest to what the artist would have written. The AI team would add the music and rerun the software to produce the next suggestions. And piece by piece, the team was able to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony!
Not surprisingly, the AI-produced work is causing some debates. Some people believe technology should not be used in the human creative process. Elgammal and his team believe their AI software is not out to replace humans — it is just a tool to help artists to express themselves in new ways.
1. Why did Dr. Matthias Roder want to complete the 10th Symphony?| A．To prove his talent. | B．To test AI’s power. |
| C．To honour Beethoven. | D．To put on a performance. |
| A．Cost-saving and smooth. | B．Efforts-taking and fruitful. |
| C．Time-saving and easy. | D．Risk-taking and fruitless. |
| A．Figure out. | B．Get through. | C．Set down. | D．Keep off. |
| A．Not all people are for the project. | B．AI will replace humans in music. |
| C．The AI-produced work is a great success. | D．AI has been widely used in creating music. |
【推荐2】ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot that can write essays, solve complex problems, compose song lyrics, and more. It has caused a new moral panic as many teachers, parents, and even some teens are convinced that students will use this tool to cheat. In response, a number of school districts have moved to ban ChatGPT.
Moral panics generally reveal underlying beliefs in technological determinism, so before jumping on the trend of banning ChatGPT, remember that technology will continue to be a big part of our kids’ lives. There is no putting that horse back in the barn, so it’s a good idea to figure out how to prepare kids to navigate a world with AI.
Preparing kids for AI means teaching them the skills and knowledge they need to work with AI technologies. Foremost among these are critical thinking and ethical (合乎道德的) decision-making. This includes learning how to check information sources to develop data literacy and understanding key ethical concepts such as copyright and privacy. It also means age-appropriate exposure to the benefits, challenges, and dangers of AI tools as they emerge.
As parents, you’d better not dismiss a tool like ChatGPT until you explore it for yourself. Think about how you would use ChatGPT. I asked it to write a recipe for Sole Meuniere (香煎鳎目鱼). It was very fast and accurate and included serving suggestions.
Ask your kids to brainstorm how they might use ChatGPT. Ask ChatGPT some questions together with your kids. All questions can lead you to a discussion about when it’s a helpful tool and what uses would be unethical or inappropriate.
AI is driving a lot of our interactions with technology. But it will never replace human cognition and will not go away. The only way to make use of its potential is to learn how to use it well.
1. What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?| A．To raise a question to be discussed. |
| B．To list some interesting phenomena. |
| C．To express the main idea of the text. |
| D．To introduce a new trend in technology. |
| A．Tolerant. | B．Opposed. | C．Neutral. | D．Unclear. |
| A．To show that ChatGPT is easy to use. |
| B．To encourage readers to use ChatGPT in their daily life. |
| C．To prove that ChatGPT is commonly used in many aspects of life. |
| D．To inspire readers to consider whether ChatGPT would be useful for them. |
| A．Kids should be allowed to explore AI freely. |
| B．Parents should instruct kids to use AI properly. |
| C．AI will replace human cognition in some fields. |
| D．AI needs to be improved to answer all questions. |
【推荐3】Who is responsible when an AI system causes harm or death? The California judges may soon have to decide. In December 2019, a person driving a Tesla with an AI navigation (导航) system killed two people in an accident. The driver got up to 12 years in prison. Several federal agencies are looking into Tesla crashes and the U. S. Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation (刑事调查) into how Tesla markets its self-driving system.
Our current liability (责任) system -- used to determine responsibility and payment for injuries -- is unprepared for AI. The time to think about liability is now as AI becomes universal but remains uncontrolled. AI-based systems have already contributed to injuries. In 2019 an AI algorithm (算法) misidentified a suspect (犯罪分子), leading to a mistake. In 2020, during the height of the pandemic, an AI-based mental health chatbot encouraged a simulated suicidal (有自杀倾向的) patient to end her own life.
Getting the liability landscape right is important to unlocking AI’s potential. Uncertain rules and the possibility of costly litigation will discourage the investment, development and adoption of AI in industries ranging from health care to autonomous vehicles.
Currently liability investigation usually starts and stops with the person who uses the algorithm. Indeed, if someone misuses an AI system or ignores its warnings, that person should be responsible legally. But AI errors are often not the fault of the user. Who can fault an emergency room physician for an AI algorithm that misses papilledema (a kind of disease)? An AI failure to find the condition could delay care and possibly cause a patient to lose their sight. Yet papilledema is challenging to analyse without a doctor’s examination. AI is constantly self-learning, meaning it takes information and looks for patterns in it. This further complicates the liability question. How much can you blame a physician for an error caused by an unexplainable AI?
Industries ranging from finance to Internet safety are on the point of AI revolutions (革命) that could benefit billions worldwide. But these benefits shouldn’t be cut down by poorly developed algorithms: 21st-century AI demands a 21st-century liability system.
1. What can be learned about the car accident?| A．It is the first case related to an AI system. |
| B．No one survived the terrible car accident. |
| C．It was mainly caused by the self-driving system. |
| D．The driver was sentenced to over ten years in prison. |
| A．The AI-based systems are often reliable. |
| B．The AI-based mental health chatbot saved many lives. |
| C．The current liability system needs to be adjusted accordingly. |
| D．The current liability system can determine responsibility about AI. |
| A．AI mistakes have no effect on its users. |
| B．AI failures appear more often than not. |
| C．Blaming AI users alone does not solve the problem. |
| D．Users do often ignore the potential dangers of AI systems. |
| A．Who Is Responsible When AI Kills? |
| B．How Can We Make AI Systems Safer? |
| C．What Are Disadvantages of Using AI Systems? |
| D．What Does 21st Century Demand of AI Algorithm? |
