【推荐1】For years, there has been a prejudice against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments which are given the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”

The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments the tools of psychology bring more lasting benefits than drugs.

You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.

Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker from the University of Wisconsin, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”

When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice(诊所) found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path despite the fact that insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself.”

1. Many clinical psychologists fail to provide the most effective treatments because ________.

A．they are unfamiliar with their patients	B．they believe in science and evidence
C．they rely on their personal experiences	D．they depend on their colleagues’ help

2. The widening gap between clinical practice and science is due to _______.

A．the cruel judgment by Walter Mischel

B．the great progress that has been made in psychological research

C．the fact that most patients get better after being treated

D．the fact that patients prefer to take drugs rather than have other treatments

3. How do clinical psychologists respond when accused that their treatments are not supported by science?

A．They feel embarrassed.	B．They doubt their treatments.
C．They are disappointed.	D．They try to defend themselves.

4. According to the passage, what is Mischel’s attitude towards psychology?

A．Negative.

B．Neutral.

C．Indifferent.

D．Positive.

【推荐2】Last week when I was reading at home, my younger sister rushed in and told me an old man was lying on the round in front of our building. I immediately took my first-aid kit and ran downstairs. He was suffering a slight heart attack. And I performed CPR on him. Luckily, an ambulance came soon and he was taken to hospital. Later that day I was told by the hospital what I did helped rescue the old man’s life.     1    . However, at the same time I fell a bit sad. There were many people who wanted to help around the old man then. Yet no one performed first aid on him as they hadn’t attended a first-aid course. I think everyone should learn at least some basic first-aid techniques, which can be very important.     2    .

You can gain the knowledge, skills and confidence to act in an emergency. You never know when you might need them — you could be at home, at work, at school or on holiday.     3    , you can act whenever you’re needed.

You can be a resource for your community. For your family, your neighbors or the broader community, having more people with first-aid skills helps build a stronger and more harmonious community.

You can stay safe at work. Illness and injury can happen anywhere, anytime.     4    , and you can also help meet your workplace’s safety requirements.

    5    . The first-hand experience you gain through learning first aid and using your skills could help you decide if you want to pursue a career in the health profession. It also shows your commitment to a career in the health profession when it comes to applying for jobs.

A．I was happy to hear that

B．I received a phone call from the hospital

C．If you have the skills

D．With first-aid knowledge you can create a safe work environment

E．You can take first-aid courses in your community for free

F．Here are my reasons

G．It’s helpful to your future career

【推荐2】TOKYO—Lonely astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) may soon be getting a robot friend from Japan.
Japan's space agency is considering putting a talking humanoid(有人的特点的) robot on the ISS to watch the work while astronauts are asleep, monitor their health and stress levels and communicate to Earth through the micro­blogging site Twitter.
Japan's space agency JAXA announced this week that it is looking at a plan to send a humanoid robot to the space station in 2013 that could communicate with the ground through Twitter—primarily feeding photos, rather than original ideas —and provide astronauts with “comfort and companionship”．
Following up on US NASA's “Robonaut” R­2 program, which is set for launch on the Discovery shuttle next week, the Japanese robot would be part of a larger effort to create and refine robots that can be used by the elderly, JAXA said in a statement.
Japan is one of the leading countries in robotics and has a rapidly aging society with one of the world's longest life expectancies.
Improving robot communication capabilities could help elderly people on Earth by providing a nonintrusive(无干扰的) means of monitoring the robot owner's health and vital signs and sending information to emergency responders if there is an abnormality, JAXA said.
“We are thinking in terms of a very human­like robot that would have facial expressions and be able to talk with the astronauts，” said JAXA's Satoshi Sano.
The robot was being developed with the advertising and communications giant Dentsu Inc and a team at Tokyo University.
The NASA project has a human­like head, hands and arms and uses the same tools as station crew members. The “Robonaut” called R­2 is intended to carry out maintenance tasks in the station's Destiny lab.
NASA says it hopes that humanoid robots could one day stand in for astronauts during spacewalks or perform tasks too difficult or dangerous for humans.
For now, the $2.5 million NASA robot is limited to activities within the lab.
1. According to the passage, a humanoid robot, put on the ISS, shall carry out the tasks except ________.

A．keep in contact with Earth

B．get a friend for astronauts from Japan

C．take care of the ISS sometimes

D．keep an eye on the health of the astronauts

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?

A．NASA is planning to communicate with the space station through Twitter.

B．Japan has the largest number of elderly people.

C．The robot program will eventually benefit the elderly.

D．R­2 program is in the charge of Japan's JAXA.

3. From the passage we can know ________.

A．robots could completely take the place of human astronauts in the future

B．the robot program, having cost $2.5 million, can carry out all tasks

C．many Japanese universities joined in the robot program

D．future astronauts will become less lonely and more comfortable with the help of the robot

【推荐3】The Maya city of Tikal is famous for its amazing palaces and temples. But something far more ordinary kept Tikal functioning: its water-purifying(净化) system, the earliest known of its kind.

Researchers recently discovered a volcanic mineral that traps microbes(微生物) and heavy metals in Tikal's largest reservoir(水库). Because the material is not found nearby, the finding suggests the presence of a man-made water-purifying device.

The finding denies the long-standing idea that the ancient worlds technological achievements belonged to the Eastern world, like Egypt, and China. The leading scientist of this research, Kenneth Tankersley says, “When talking about purifying water, the Maya were thousands of years ahead.”

Located in the forests of Central America, Tikal, is thought to have been home to more than 45,000 people. They had to struggle against a dry season lasting from November through April. Storing water in reservoirs was a solution, but that water had to be fit to drink, said Kenneth, “Keeping water clean was of great importance.”

A few years ago, the researchers were surprised to find that the largest reservoir, Corriental, had significantly fewer harmful chemicals than the others. “The water quality at Corriental was much higher.”

Somehow the Maya must have been purifying Corriental’s water, the team assumed. “The Maya used gardens as their bathrooms.” Kenneth said, “The water coming into the reservoir would not have been very clean.”

At the bottom of Corriental, scientists found four separate layers(层), each a few centimeters thick, of millimeter-scale “zeolites(沸石)”. This type of volcanic mineral can purify water and is still in widespread use today, Kenneth says, “Just about everything we drink, from bottled water to wine, runs through a zeolite purifying device.”

The Maya wouldn’t have known about the zeolite in rock, but they would have recognized the purifying effects, the researchers suggest. A zeolite-rich rock formation about 30 kilometers northeast of Tikal is the likely source of the material in Corriental reservoir, the team said last month in Scientific Reports. Water at this site “was clear and tasted good.”

1. What did the researchers find?

A．A new material called zeolites.	B．The purifying effects of zeolites.
C．An old water-purifying system.	D．High-quality water in Corriental.

2. How did the Maya purify water?

A．By building the largest reservoir.	B．By using gardens as their bathrooms.
C．By getting rid of heavy metals.	D．By spreading four layers of zeolites.

3. What can we learn from the research?

A．The Maya drank bottled water.	B．The ancient Maya were very bright.
C．The system was created by accident.	D．The zeolites were found in Corriental.

4. According to Kenneth,________.

A．the original water in Corriental was not clean enough

B．water supply in Tikal lasted from November to April

C．all ancient technological achievements belonged to the East

D．the Maya had a good understanding of the zeolite in rocks

【推荐2】A hybrid electric vehicle（混合动力车）or HEV is a vehicle driven by the combination of petrol engine and electric motor. Terence has been driving a HEV for five years. He really doesn't understand why more people aren't accepting them. "I probably spend about $ 7 a day on petrol," "the taxi diver told news. com. au. In his previous conventional vehicle Terrence said he was spending up to $ 30 a day an petrol, meaning he saves almost $ 6000 every year.

The Toyota spokesman said this was quite a high saving and official tests estimate（估计）an average driver would only save about 33 percent off their current bill. This means a driver paying $ 30 a day on petrol would see their bill drop to about $ 20 using the hybrid. "A taxi driver that drives in built-up areas and spends little time on highways will notice a higher fuel saving," he said. "Low speeds allow the electric motors to be used more and the petrol engine used less."

While some people are skeptical about how reliable hybrids are, Terrence said he had never run out of power. His Camry cost about $ 34,000 and so after five years, it's nearly paid for itself. "For cab drivers, it's a real advantage because of the cost-effectiveness," he said. Terrence has no complaints about the car. "I love it, the calm and quietness of it, the simplicity of it-you just jump in and go. The maintenance is really low. But the only difficulty is finding someone to service the car as there are not many experienced mechanics.

Terrence said it's "extraordinary" that more drivers aren't buying more hybrid electric vehicles and that governments are not encouraging this more. "I think people have a view that you have to plug it in which is not true. A lack of information about the cars may he stopping people from taking the plunge. It's not promoted at all for the public to understand-it's simplifying the actual owning of a car-you don't have to do so many things to own it and run it, it's just so much simpler. Why wouldn't the government promote such a thing?

1. How much does an average drive save each day by driving a hybrid?

A．$ 30	B．$ 20
C．$ 10	D．$ 7

2. Terrence's problem with his HEV at the moment is about the ________.

A．speed	B．power
C．price	D．service

3. What does Terrence think prevents the popularity of hybrid cars?

A．The difficulty in servicing the car.

B．The restriction of the government.

C．The lack of information about HEV.

D．The inconvenience with charging the car.

【推荐3】The Carnival of Brazil is an annual festival held 46 days before Easter, especially famous for the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Carnival celebrations are believed to have roots in the festival of Saturnalia, which, adapted to Christianity, became a farewell to bad things in a season of religious discipline to regret and prepare for Christ’s death and coming back to life.            Modern Brazilian Carnival dates back to Rio de Janeiro in 1641. It originally copied the European form of the festival, later taking in elements of Native American and African cultures.       In the late 19th century, the strings (弦乐器) were introduced in Rio de Janeiro. These were pageant (游行) groups that paraded through city avenues performing on instruments and dancing. Today they are known as blocks, consisting of a group of people who dress in costumes or special T-shirts with themes or logos. Blocks are generally connected with particular neighborhoods; they include both a music group and a lot of revelers(狂欢者).        Block parades have become an expressive feature of Rio’s Carnival. Today, they number more than 100 and the groups increase each year. Blocks can be formed by small or large groups of revelers with a clear title. Before the show, they gather in a square, then parade in sections of the city, often near the beach. Carnival time in Rio is very interesting, but is also the most expensive time to visit Rio. Hotel rooms and other lodgings (住宿) can be up to four times more expensive than the regular rates. There are big crowds at some locations and life is far from ordinary in many parts of town.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A．The Carnival of Brazil is often held after Easter.

B．The Carnival of Brazil comes from Easter and Saturnalia.

C．The Carnival of Brazil is mainly to celebrate the birth of Christ.

D．The Carnival of Brazil is a festival to regret and begin a new life.

2. How long is the history of the people’s celebrating modern Brazilian Carnival?

A．About 100 years.	B．Less than two centuries.
C．Over five centuries.	D．About 370 years.

3. We can infer from the fourth paragraph that_______

A．block parades become bigger and bigger.

B．block parades can only be formed by big groups of revelers.

C．the theme of blocks must be serious.

D．blocks always parade only on the beach

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The famous carnivals in the world.

B．How the carnival was introduced in Brazil.

C．The happy life of the people in Rio de Janeiro.

D．The carnival in Rio de Janeiro.

【推荐1】Suppose you are working as a manager in a famous company in China, and you will be sent to New York for a further study soon, but you don't think your English is good enough. So you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English.
Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need.

1. What is special about the 2lst Century English Training Centre?

A．Its teaching quality is better.

B．It is the nearest to the city center.

C．Its courses are more advanced.

D．It requires an entrance examination.

2. Which school will you choose if you are busy in the daytime?

A．Global English Center and Modern Language School.

B．Global English Center and the International House of English.

C．Modern Language School and the 2lst Century English Training Centre.

D．The 2lst Century English Training Centre and the International House of English.

3. If you prefer to have English course on weekends, which telephone number will you call?

A．67353019.	B．67705272.
C．67801642.	D．67432308.

【推荐2】Honeybees can’t swim, and when their wings are wet, they can’t fly, either. But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water, they can use their wings to produce little waves and slide toward land—like surfers who create and then ride their own waves.

As with many scientific advances－Isaac Newton’s apple or Benjamin Franklin’s lightning bolt—Dr. Roh’s experiment began with a walk. Passing Caltech’s Millikan Pond in 2016, he observed a bee on the water’s surface producing waves. He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself through water.

Dr. Roh and his co-worker, Morteza Gharib, used butterfly nets to collect local Pasadena honeybees and observed their surf-like movements. The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee’s bodily movement, allowing close examination of their wings. They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle, pulling up water and producing a forward force. Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air. But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down. It’s a tough exercise for the bees, which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.

The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn’t been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic insects use their legs for propulsion, which is known as water-walking. It may have evolved in bees, they predicted.

Dr. Roh and Dr. Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees’ surfing. One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea. “This could be useful for search and rescues, or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean, if you can’t send a boat or helicopter,” Dr. Gharib said.

1. What does the author intend to show by mentioning Newton and Franklin?

A．Roh’s admiration for them.	B．Roh’s chance discovery about bees.
C．Their outstanding talent for science.	D．Their similar achievements in discovery.

2. What plays the most vital role in a bee’s moving forward on water?

A．The air weight.	B．Its leg extension.
C．The water movement.	D．Its continuous wingbeat.

3. What does the underlined word “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Fast flight.

B．Driving force.

C．Pulling speed.

D．Explosive power.

4. According to the last Paragraph, which of the following isn’t the practical applications for bees’ surfing?

A．designing robots with the ability to travel across both sky and sea.

B．Rescuing ships or saving sailors trapped in the ocean.

C．Acquiring knowledge of moving samples of the surface of the ocean.

D．Making helicopters in the shape of bees.

5. What does the text mainly tell us?

A．Honeybees can surf to safety.	B．Bees help scientists make inventions.
C．Insects can adapt to the environment.	D．Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.