Jagadish Chandra Bose was born in Bikrampur (now in present-day Bangladesh) on November 30, 1858. His father believed that it was important for him to get a good education in his native language, which is Bengali, before being sent to an English-medium school. Thus, Bose received his early education completely in Bengali. He then attended St. Xavier’s School and later college, at Calcutta, where his interest in science was developed. He graduated from University of Calcutta in 1879.
Bose wanted to take the Indian Civil Service (文官) exams but his father insisted that he should take up a more academic pursuit (学术追求). Thus he went to study medicine at the University of London, England but could not complete his studies because of his ill health. He went on to study Natural Science at Christ's College, Cambridge.
He returned to India in 1885 and began teaching physics at Presidency College. His salary (工资), however, was half of what English professors earned at the time so he refused to accept his salary for three years until the administration gave in and gave him his previous salary as well. Another way in which he was discriminated (歧视) against was being asked to do unnecessary, unimportant work and not being provided with proper research facilities and support such as equipment for conducting experiments. Bose often had to buy equipment with his own money and conducted experiments late into the night after he had finished his tough daily tasks.
Though in the face of those challenges, he made great contributions in the study of plant nervous systems. He successfully showed that plants and animals have similar responses to stimuli in London on May 10, 1901. His discovery was extremely significant but was laughed at by many of his colleagues at first. However, his contributions are now widely accepted throughout the world. Bose's another great achievement is research into wireless technology and short radio waves. IEEE named him one of the fathers of radio science.
Bose published various journals and books, and founded the Bose Institute in 1917 for research in various fields such as physics, chemistry and microbiology. He received numerous honors. He died on November 23, 1937.
1. What can we learn about Bose’s early schooling?| A．It was conducted in Bengali. |
| B．It went against his father’s will. |
| C．It turned out challenging for Bose. |
| D．It was started at St. Xavier’s School. |
| A．To find a job. |
| B．To see a doctor. |
| C．To learn English. |
| D．To continue his education. |
| A．Cultural shock. |
| B．Unfair treatment. |
| C．Poor mental health. |
| D．Lack of family support. |
| A．His approaches to teaching physics. |
| B．His fight against racial discrimination. |
| C．His contributions to Western medicine. |
| D．His research into plant nervous systems. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (继承) a million dollars when he was 23,but he wasn’t happy at all. When his college friends were looking for their jobs, he didn’t have to. Jack decided to live a simple life like everyone else. He gave $ 10,000 of his money to a charity to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.
Up to now, Jack has helped some children from poor countries all over the world by sending them each $ 200 a month. The money was used for the children’s study, food, medicine and clothing. Jack receives a report each year on the children’s progress. They can write to each other, but usually the children do not speak English.
When Jack first heard about these children, he wanted to help them. “It was nothing special. ” he said. “Until I went to these countries and met the children I was helping, I didn’t know anything about their life.” Once Jack went to meet a little girl in Africa. He said that the meeting was very exciting. “When I met her. I felt very, very happy. ” he said. “ I saw that the money was used for a good cause. It brought me happiness. I want to do everything I can to go on helping those children. ”
1. Jack didn’t need to look for a job ________.| A．before he went to college |
| B．after he went to Africa |
| C．because he got one million dollars |
| D．before he received a report |
| A．only in Washington | B．only in England |
| C．only in Africa | D．around the world |
| A．visiting them each year |
| B．getting a report every year |
| C．staying with them |
| D．talking to them in English |
| A．Help others, and you will feel happy. |
| B．It’s necessary to write letters to poor children. |
| C．Live a simple life, and you can give others help. |
| D．Enjoy life. |
【推荐2】Our adventure started in March 2019 when our daughter got engaged. She and her then fiancé lived in Chicago but grew up in Asia, so a destination wedding in Phuket sounded perfect.
Fast forward a year. The wedding arrangements were set, but then the COVID-19 started affecting everything. Travel restrictions began in some countries, so some guests had to cancel their journey. But we pressed ahead and took off for Thailand.
The pre-wedding activities were fun, and the wedding and reception were beautiful. But our adventure had only just begun! The morning after the wedding, my husband and I took off for the northeast coast of Malaysian Borneo, home to some of the world’s most unique wildlife and recognized for harboring iconic animals. We flew to the town of Sandakan, a gateway to wildlife adventures and our destination was the Kinabatangan Wetlands Resort on the Kinabatangan River. This area, an hour by boat from Sandakan, is one of Malaysia’s most important wildlife refuges. As we cruised along the riverbank our first afternoon, we observed an orangutan building a treetop nest. Next we caught sight of proboscis monkeys swinging from trees. We also spotted red and silver langurs and watched kingfishers diving for fish. But what amazed us most was that we encountered Bornean pygmy elephants with their calves wading through the river. What a harmonious scene!
Elephants are often said to make loud noise and angrily paw the ground, warning us off. And stories of tourists whose jeeps are overturned or who are even killed because of getting too close are not uncommon. It seems elephants often make our life unpredictable and threatened. But I’ve heard city people say “Actually we humans are damaging their forests.”
1. Why didn’t some guests go to attend their daughter’s wedding?| A．Because they were placed on lockdown. |
| B．Because they suffered from airsickness. |
| C．Because travel was limited due to the COVID-19. |
| D．Because the long journey to Thailand was exhausting for them. |
| A．By plane. | B．By train. | C．By tricycle. | D．By boat. |
| A．Watching an orangutan building a nest under a tree. |
| B．Meeting pygmy elephants with their young walking through the river. |
| C．Seeing proboscis monkeys jumping from one tree to another. |
| D．Watching fishermen dive for fish. |
| A．It’s typical of elephants to get angry and scare people. |
| B．Elephants will die out one day. |
| C．It must be risky for tourists to approach elephants. |
| D．It is humans that are ruining elephants’ natural habitat. |
【推荐3】My high school life has been filled with many ups and downs, whether it was social or academic. Even though my current high school was not my first choice, I never regretted attending Southside High School. “Since you have chosen it, then it is the best for you,” said my parents.
Up until the junior year I did not realize my capabilities (能力) as a student. Being in the IB Program, I was told that my junior year would be the toughest in all the years of high school. With this “little” piece of information, I walked into my junior year, scared of my grades. As weeks went by, I started to believe that the junior year was not as hard as everyone had said, but I was wrong. My grades were rapidly declining (下降) and by the end of the first term I had had five Cs in seven of my classes!I could not believe it — I did not want to believe it. I tried my best to get my grades up myself without any help from anyone, but my pride just made my grades worse. And I had to miss out on one of the most important speech and debate competitions all year: States. I was heartbroken. I realized that I could not survive my junior year on my own, so I had to get help fast.
Once I got a tutor, my grades went from Cs, Ds, and even some Fs, to nothing but As and Bs. I slowly started to gain my confidence back in all of my classes and even myself. By the time the third and fourth quarter came around, I had been on the honor roll twice, and I had received awards from speeches and debates, tennis and school.
Southside has taught me to always keep my head up and never give up on myself no matter what life throws at me. I am proud to be a Southside Tiger.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．The writer always thought Southside High School was the best. |
| B．The writer’s parents persuaded her into attending Southside High School. |
| C．The writer has met many challenges since she attended high school. |
| D．Life has become easier since the writer came to Southside High School. |
| A．Excited. | B．Worried. |
| C．Curious. | D．Uninterested. |
| A．She didn’t work hard enough. |
| B．She didn’t ask others for help because of her pride. |
| C．She missed many important speeches. |
| D．No one would like to help her. |
| A．Students should face challenges bravely. |
| B．Students should be careful in choosing school. |
| C．Students should be proud of their school. |
| D．Students should better learn about life. |
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc². Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.
To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends’ birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbors. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!”
On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
1. What subjects did Albert Einstein like best in middle school?| A．Politics and geography. | B．Physics and maths. |
| C．English and art. | D．Chemistry and history. |
| A．In 1902. | B．In 1904. |
| C．In 1905. | D．In 1906. |
| A．Because of his explanation of the photoelectric effect. |
| B．Because of his courageous and kind character. |
| C．Because of his strong passion for knowledge. |
| D．Because of his fulltime research at a university. |
| A．He came to power in Germany. |
| B．He was forced to leave Germany. |
| C．He moved to Europe for his degree. |
| D．He refused to work as a researcher in the US. |
【推荐2】Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
Working habits
| A．To make discoveries, you have to think differently. |
| B．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. |
| C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. |
| D．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. |
| E．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. |
| F．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. |
| G．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. |
【推荐3】Darwin was not a bright boy. He was much slower than his younger sister, and he was in many ways a naughty boy. However, at the age of eight he was trying to make out the names of all plants he saw, and he was busy collecting all sorts of things and he even imagined producing coloured roses by watering them with certain coloured liquids. Once he read the book Wonders of the World, he wished to work wonders himself some day.
One summer vacation Darwin became a great collector of beetles (甲虫). At that time he only collected them but made no scientific study of them. One day on tearing off the bark (树皮) he saw some unusual beetles, and seized one in each hand, then he saw a third and new kind, which he didn’t want to lose, so he put the one that he held in his right hand into his mouth. But it sent out some gas, which burned his tongue. He was forced to spit it out. It was lost, so was the third one.
Darwin accepted the offer by the navy (海军) to go on a voyage to explore the Southern Sea in the name of the government on a warship at the age of twenty-two. He was on board for five years. And during the long voyage he collected a great many of facts in Natural Science.
1. In his early years, Darwin was _________ in producing coloured roses.| A．successful | B．helped | C．interested | D．not interested |
| A．to have a wonderful job |
| B．to work with surprising results |
| C．to make something difficult to understand |
| D．to produce beautiful things |
| A．taste the gas it sent out | B．spare his right hand to catch the third one |
| C．save the life of the beetle | D．eat it as he was hungry |
| A．“Wonders of the world” was his famous work. |
| B．He was forced to explore the Southern Sea by the government. |
| C．When he was young he showed interest in natural science. |
| D．He ran much slower than his younger sister. |
