When you read a book, you’ve probably noticed that a brand new book has a rather special smell,     1     differs from that of an older book. Where does it come from? Three sources (来源)—the paper, the ink and the glue.

Around 200 AD, the Chinese first came up with paper, one of the greatest     2    (invent) in the world. It is made     3     wood. The wood must be processed with various chemicals     4    (add) to change its structure, to remove acid (酸) and to whiten the paper. Then comes the ink—there     5    (be) many kinds. Some fade with time, while others get     6    (dark) than years ago. Finally, different glues are used to join the sheets together and attach the covers, whether hardcover     7     paperback. Therefore, you can smell different chemicals     8    (come) out of your new book.

Today, the forms of books     9    (change) dramatically since the birth of eBooks. They might be     10    (convenience), but you can’t give your copy to others as a present, and they don’t smell as nice.

Every time a new year     1    (roll) around, people set out to better themselves. They promise they will lose weight, find a new job,     2     maybe even take that vacation they’ve always talked about. But why do we make these promises to ourselves, and where did this tradition come from? Why does this tradition live     3    when so many people fail    4     (keep) the resolutions they make? Well, we can start by blaming the ancient Babylonians.

Around 4000 years ago in Babylon, the    5     (early) recorded celebration     6    (honor) the coming of a new year     7     (hold). Calendars weren’t     8       they are today, so the Babylonians kicked things off in late March during the first new moon after the Spring Equinox. The collective ceremonial events were known as the Akitu festival,     9       lasted 11 days. The Babylonians made     10     (promise) in order to get on the right side of all of their gods. They felt this would help them start the new year off on the right foot.

Humans like to live near rivers and they often find     1     (they) needing to cross them. The simplest way across a river is to ford (涉水过) it. Fording is to find the shallow place and cross it safely     2     using a boat. It means     3     (pretend) the river is not there, continuing to walk, and hoping for the best. But sometimes even water at shallow areas can be     4     (surprising) dangerous, which is because it's not always easy to tell how fast the water is moving. It only takes ankle-deep water to sweep a person off their feet.

Do you find it hard not    1     (check) your phone every couple of minutes? Do you respond to notifications (通知) as soon as they come in? If so, you're not alone, and you might be interested to know what    2     (make) us keep checking our phones.

As we know, when we do get the rewards: a like, a follower, comments or shares of    3     (we) posts, it excites the brain and produces a chemical    4     (call) dopamine (多巴胺). This is a chemical    5     provides a "feel-good" response to these rewards. Meanwhile,this dopamine hit can become addictive    6     encourage us to go back to our phones hoping fora reward again. This addictive loop is one of the biggest     7     (reason) why we are checking our phones every couple of minutes.

So, what are some of the ways we can break this addictive loop so that real life does not pass by? The first is to turn off all notifications on your phone so that you cannot    8    (disturb) by the attractive messages. Next is to put your phone out of sight, in a drawer or in another room. This is particularly    9     (help) if you are preparing yourself    10     exams.Finally, look for and create opportunities for gaining dopamine hit in other ways, such as exercise or music.

One of the purposes of children's slang(俚语)     1    (be) to stop adults from being able to understand what they’re saying. Obviously, the strategy works. Recent research shows that     2    majority of adults can’t translate the meaning of common slang.

In a survey of 4,5000 people last month,     3    was found that 85 percent of adults didn’t understand the translations of emoji(表情符号)and text. The researchers warned that a lack of     4    (aware) of what children are communicating online can leave them unprotected, with phrases that express eating disorders and unhappiness not

For young people growing up with technology, this new language comes     6    (natural), but it’s leaving some adults unsure about     7    is being said by their children online. It’s important for adults to speak to young people about how they use social media and chat online.

Caroline Bunting, general manager at Internet matters, said ＂While it is unrealistic to expect parents    8    (know) every piece of Internet slang their children will ever see, online safety starts     9    a conversation. It’s vital for parents to talk to their kids about their digital worlds, including all     10    (sort) of things they might experience online and the types of problems to be aware of.＂