Most online fraud (诈骗) involves identity theft. Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics (行为生物识别) is gaining ground.
It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today’s devices. These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. Touchscreens, keyboards and mice can be monitored to show the unique ways in which someone’s fingers and hands move. These features can then be used to determine whether someone attempting to make a deal is likely to be the device’s habitual user.
“Behavioural biometrics make it possible to identify an individual’s unique motion fingerprint,” says John Whaley, head of Unifyid, a firm in Silicon Valley that is involved in the field. When coupled with information about a user’s finger pressure and speed on the touchscreen, as well as a device’s regular places of use-as revealed by its GPS unit — that user’s identity can be pretty well determined.
Used wisely, behavioural biometrics could be a great benefit. In fact, Unifyid and an unnamed car company are even developing a system that unlocks the doors of a vehicle once the pace of the driver, as measured by his phone, is recognized. Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people’s privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night.
1. What is behavioural biometrics for?| A．To identify network crime. | B．To ensure network security. |
| C．To track online fraud. | D．To gather online data. |
| A．By offering and analyzing the operating system of devices. |
| B．By spotting and revealing a device’s regular places of use. |
| C．By restricting and detecting the access to an account of users. |
| D．By monitoring and comparing the ways users interact with devices. |
| A．Objective. | B．Concerned. | C．Doubtful. | D．Supportive. |
| A．Health and wealth. | B．Books and arts. |
| C．Science and technology. | D．Finance and economics. |
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【推荐1】Researchers have 3D printed a heart using a patient's cells, providing hope that the technique could be used to heal hearts or engineer new ones for transplants.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart,” Professor Tal Dvir said in a statement. Dvir is the senior author of the research, published on Monday in the journal Advanced Science.
The cells that made the heart came from a donor's fat tissue. Researchers separated the cells in the tissue from the rest of the contents. The cells were reprogrammed to become stem cells with the ability into heart cells. The cells and hydrogel were first used to create heart patches with blood vessels (血管) and, from there, an entire heart.
At this stage, our 3D heart is small, the size of a rabbit's heart,” Dvir said. “But larger human require the same technology.” Previously, scientists had been able to print only simple tissues without blood vessels.
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the developing world. Heart transplantation is the only way to treat end-stage heart failure, highlighting the importance of developing techniques such as 3D printing, according to the authors.
Dvir also explained that using the patient's own cells is key to engineering the tissues and organs. “It's important because it prevents the possibility of rejection,” he said.
Next, the researchers plan to train the hearts to behave like real ones. Dvir explained, “The cells need to form a pumping ability; they can contract, but we need them to work together.”
If researchers are successful, they plan to transplant the 3D-printed heart in animal models and, after that, humans. “Maybe, in ten years ,there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world ,and these procedures will be conducted routinely,” Dvir said.
1. What can we know about the 3D-printed heart?| A．It is almost of the same size as the human heart. |
| B．It uses the cells coming from an animal fat tissue to 3D print a heart. |
| C．It can provide the technology human hearts required in the future. |
| D．It can replace the patient’s heart in treating heart disease in ten years |
| A．Value of the new technique. | B．Procedures of dealing with cells. |
| C．Tips about heart disease treatment. | D．Materials used in the 3D-printed heart. |
| A．The researchers are successful in 3D printing human heart. |
| B．Every hospital will have organ printers around the world. |
| C．Researchers will transplant the 3D-printed heart in ten years. |
| D．Professor Dvir is looking forward to the success of the research. |
| A．To show how to 3D print a heart. | B．To promote heart disease research. |
| C．To introduce a medical breakthrough. | D．To call on people to care about health. |
【推荐2】A meatball made of lab-grown mammoth(猛犸象) meat was shown at a science museum in the Netherlands on Tuesday. Vow, the startup company created it using genetic information from the mammoth that died long time ago. “This breakthrough could revolutionize the food industry,” company researchers said in Tuesday.
Have scientists successfully brought mammoths back to life? Of course not. How did they obtain the meatball? Firstly, it is necessary to have a complete genetic sequence(基因序列) of mammoth, and then extract the gene sequence of myoglobin(肌红蛋白), which gives meat the smell, the color and the taste. To have a complete genetic sequence of mammoth, researchers fill missing parts with elephant DNA from its closest living relative: the African elephant. After getting the complete genes, they are implanted(移植) into sheep stem cells. These replicate(复制) to grow 20 billion cells that are used to grow mammoth meat in the lab nutrients. It is through this method that scientists have produced 400 grams of mammoth meat, which is a feat in science and technology.
“The mammoth meat tastes similar to crocodile meat after baking, but no one dare to taste it because they are afraid that the ancient protein in mammoth meat will lead to human poisoning,” James Ryall, Vow’s Chief Scientific Officer explained. Though the meatball isn’t intended for human use, artificial meat has been in development for years. The world’s first lab-grown burger was eaten in 2013. The first cell-based chicken food products were approved in Singapore in December 2020.
In a 2022 report on the future of food safety, the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) of the United Nations noted there’s an increase in consumer demand for animal-based food products. “The development of animal production may contrast with long-term goals, resulting in problems in various environmental aspects, food safety and animal well- being,” according to the report. “New technology provides another choice: the production of land and water animals without requiring too much farming and killing.”
1. What do the underlined words “This breakthrough” refer to?| A．The creation of a special meatball. | B．The finding of mammoth’s death. |
| C．The research about animals’ gene. | D．The rebirth of ancient mammoths. |
| A．The importance of the sheep stem cells. |
| B．The achievement of research on mammoths. |
| C．The process of growing mammoth meat in the lab. |
| D．The difficulty in developing science and technology. |
| A．Artificial meat isn’t something new in our life. | B．The meatballs have some special features. |
| C．Human beings are short of meat products. | D．The mammoth meat is fit to eat. |
| A．Technology causes many issues about food safety. |
| B．The mammoth died out due to the global climate change. |
| C．Plant-based food products must be more popular in the future. |
| D．The production of artificial meat can benefit the environment. |
【推荐3】The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before. Changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe. It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings; in pure science -a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science -a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said, ''The web of our life is of a mingled yarn, good and ill together. ''The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities-science -seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?
1. From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that ______.| A．a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war |
| B．a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war |
| C．the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear war |
| D．the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth |
| A．simple | B．mixed | C．sad | D．happy |
| A．Further application of science to war. |
| B．More reading of William Shakespeare. |
| C．Proper use of science in the new century. |
| D．Effective ways to separate the good from the ill. |
【推荐1】Weird. That was how Kelvin felt when he signed a prenuptial agreement years ago with his then girlfriend. According to the agreement, the ownership of the house would go to the wife if the couple divorced, because the wife’s parents had paid the down payment for the house.
In China, most people are unwilling to sign a prenuptial agreement, commonly known as “prenups”. But overseas Chinese are showing a different attitude. According to a recent survey, 70 percent of overseas Chinese participants, mainly living in the US, said it is necessary to sign prenups before tying the knot. The survey covering 1,084 people was conducted by a Los Angeles-based dating company “2RedBeans” through the company’s mobile app.
“It shows that the attitude of overseas Chinese toward marriage has been influenced by Western values over the past decade,” said a co-founder of 2RedBeans. In China, more often than not, a prenup is considered to indicate distrust between a couple and the lack of faith in marriage.
US family law attorneys, however, say that prenups have many advantages, from protecting the assets (资产) brought into the marriage by one party to saving the other party from debt. The rights and obligations related to marriage vary from state to state in the US. “So if you get married without drawing up your own terms and conditions, you are by default (默认) submitting to your state’s law,” Kelly Rickert who has gained popularity for sharing family court stories said in a TikTok video. “Prenups are especially important in a community property state such as California, where all assets and debts acquired after marriage shall be shared by both parties,” she said.
One of her recent clients was lucky to have a prenup which allowed her to keep her property separate from the debt of her late husband, who had run up “astronomical” amounts of medical bills before he died of COVID-19. “Had they not had a prenup stating that the debt be attributed to the party who acquired it, the medical debt would have been shared and she would have had to pay it.” Rickert said.
This might be one of the reasons why many overseas Chinese are attaching importance to prenups. Overseas Chinese living in North America are generally high-income earners and come from middle-class families, so they more easily accept prenups, especially those under 30 years old, who are more likely to value financial independence and consider prenups necessary.
1. What do we know about the survey?| A．The company TikTok carried out the survey. |
| B．One thousand people were surveyed through WeChat. |
| C．It was conducted among Chinese people living in the US. |
| D．Most people surveyed hold a favorable attitude towards prenups. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Neutral. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．To prove the importance of prenups. |
| B．To call for people’s attention to prenups. |
| C．To illustrate the damage caused by COVID- 19. |
| D．To demonstrate what will happen. |
| A．A Trend Among Chinese |
| B．The Pros and Cons of Prenups |
| C．Overseas Chinese Value Prenups |
| D．Different Attitudes Toward Marriage |
【推荐2】Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a study by Cornell University suggests how lifestyles and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed (挤压) between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned (灌装) and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely (很少地) goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity (肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance (认可) and the young decline older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.
1. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, in what way are the French different from Americans?| A．They can’t sense when actually full. |
| B．They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyle. |
| C．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. |
| D．They go shopping at huge supermarkets more frequently. |
| A．one has to go to the gym every day |
| B．one has to know how to eat much food |
| C．when eating, one should know when to stop |
| D．when eating, one has to empty his plate every time |
| A．defend | B．trace | C．cite | D．refuse |
| A．lifestyle and obesity | B．children and adults |
| C．fast food and overweight | D．Americans and the French |
【推荐3】According to a new study, great whites and whale sharks are among the species at risk of dying out over the next century.
Pimiento is the lead author of a research published in Science Advances. The research looks at how the extinction of large marine (海洋的) species would influence the ecological roles of ocean ecosystems. “The worrying extinction challenges scientists to better measure the variety of biology: how will the total variety of life on Earth be affected as human activities lead to the losses of more and more creatures?” they said. In the oceans, the biggest animals are thought to play important ecological roles, and are also facing high levels of threat from human activities such as fisheries and climate change.
The team was looking to move beyond traditional species extinctions, to find out more about the functional diversity, the range of roles that these species perform, and how biodiversity (生物多样性) might respond under different extinction scenarios (预测). They ran two different extinction scenarios. In one, researchers looked at extinction probability based on their current IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) status. In the second, they assumed all species listed as threatened, around 40 percent, had gone extinct.
Sharks were found to be one of the worst affected groups. “We already knew that sharks are one of the most threatened groups in the ocean,” they said. “They are also very easily hurt due to their large size and low reproductive rate. Our results show that the most functionally unique and special shark species would be more likely to die out in the future, contributing to greater ecological losses.” They also found the biggest threats to marine megafauna (大型哺乳动物群) are fishing, either through getting caught up by accident or directly targeted, and climate change. Reducing these threats could be the best way to protect these species.
The good news is that the study identifies key species that can be targeted and protected. Sometimes ocean preservation can be a triage game. The science helps us know which species really need our help and which species we really cannot afford to lose.
1. Why did Pimiento carry out the study?| A．To show that great white sharks and whale sharks are endangered. |
| B．To study the main cause of the extinction of some large species in the sea. |
| C．To work out the ecological role of large animals in the ocean. |
| D．To offer us the best way of balancing variety of biology with human acts. |
| A．By checking current data. | B．By predicting extinction rates. |
| C．By measuring marine biodiversity. | D．By analyzing traditional experiments. |
| A．The risk of sharks reproducing in the ocean. |
| B．The reasons for sharks being hit hardest in the sea. |
| C．The influence of sharks’ extinction on the ocean. |
| D．The solution to large sea animals’ dying out. |
| A．challenging | B．interesting | C．easy | D．sorting |
