Students who are better able to understand and manage their emotions effectively, a skill known as emotional intelligence (EI), do better at school than their less-skilled classmates, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.
“It’s not enough to be smart and hardworking. Students must also be able to understand and manage their emotions to succeed at school,” said Carolyn MacCann, lead author of the study. MacCann and her colleagues analyzed data from more than 160 studies, representing more than 42,000 students from 27 countries, published between 1998 and 2019. The students ranged in age from primary school to college. The researchers found that students with higher EI tended to get higher grades and better achievement test scores than those with lower EI scores. This finding held true even when controlling for intelligence and personality factors. What was most surprising to the researchers was the association held despite different ages.
As for why EI can affect academic performance, MacCann believes a number of factors may come into play. “Students with higher EI may be better able to manage negative emotions, such as anxiety, boredom and disappointment, which can negatively affect academic performance,” she said. “Also, these students may be better able to manage the social world around them, forming better relationships with teachers, classmates and family, all of which are important to academic success.” Finally, the skills required for EI, such as understanding human motivation and emotion, may overlap with (与……重叠) the skills required to master certain subjects, such as history and language, giving students an advantage in those subject areas, according to MacCann.
However, MacCann cautions against widespread testing of students to identify and target those with low EI as it may stigmatize (给……打上烙印) those students. Instead, she recommends interventions that involve the whole school, including additional teacher training and a focus on teacher well-being and emotional skills. “Programs that integrate emotional skill development into the existing curriculum would be beneficial, as research suggests that training works better when run by teachers rather than external professionals,” she said. “Increasing skills for everyone not just those with low EI would benefit everyone.”
1. What can we learn from MacCann’s study?| A．Only students in middle school and high school participated in it. |
| B．EI had an effect on learning for students of all ages. |
| C．Students with lower EI tended to get higher grades. |
| D．EI is also influenced by intelligence and personality factors. |
| A．High-EI students are capable of controlling negative emotions. |
| B．High-EI students are more likely to develop social relationships. |
| C．High-EI students can easily focus on their study. |
| D．High-EI students have helpful skills for certain subjects. |
| A．Equipping teachers with emotional skills. |
| B．Introducing a new curriculum. |
| C．Developing special programs for students with low EI. |
| D．Employing emotional specialists to give training to students. |
| A．Should EI be taught in school? |
| B．How can students develop high EI? |
| C．Students with high EI do better in school |
| D．Good students do better in managing emotions |
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Humans and gorillas (大猩猩) shared evolution for 23 million years. Their paths separated only six million years ago. Research on how gorillas communicate can help us understand human language development. Understanding how the brain works helps us see a connection between language development and non-verbal signs. These signs or movements include things like the way we move our hands or bodies or the different expressions our faces have in different social situations. A new study on gorillas revealed that right-handedness- preferring to use the right hand instead of the left hand for most physical activities-may have a connection with communication.
Two cameras were used to film all of one ape’s movements. One of the first results was that gorillas use their right hands more when they are doing actions with their heads or mouths at the same time. This shows that there is a connection between how our brains work and the reason we use one side of our body more than the other. In addition, we can use the results of the study and our knowledge about brains to help us understand more about how language first developed in humans.
Dr Forrester, who did the study, says the results can be useful in other ways, such as understanding language development in children. For example, some children have a serious illness called “autism” which can stop them communicating normally with people. It might be possible to use the same study method to find out which children have this illness when they are very young. Doctors will then be able to start treatment early.
1. When did the evolution of gorillas and humans separate?| A．More than 5 million years ago. | B．7 million years ago. |
| C．23 million. | D．It’s not known. |
| A．intelligence | B．communication |
| C．social success | D．convenience |
| A．video recording | B．photographs |
| C．voice recording | D．zoo keepers |
| A．everyone | B．sick apes |
| C．adults with mental problems | D．children with an illness |
【推荐2】A large conch(海螺)shell brought little attention in a French museum for many years, but it is now quickly gaining attention. The shell is thought to be the oldest known seashell instrument. And it still works, producing a deep sound, like a foghorn from the distant past.
The shell was found during the exploration of a cave with prehistoric wall paintings in the Pyrenees Mountains in southwestern France. It was believed to be a ceremonial drinking cup. Scientists from the University of Toulouse in France recently took a fresh look at the conch shell. They now believe it was changed thousands of years ago to serve as a wind instrument. They also invited a French horn, player to play it.
The researchers estimate it to be about 18,000 years old. Conch shells have been used widely in musical and ceremonial traditions, including in ancient Peru, Greece, Japan and India. The shell instrument found in the Marsoulas cave is now the oldest known example. Earlier, Gilles Tosello, another archaeologist in Toulouse, said a conch shell instrument found in Syria was estimated to be about 6,000 years old.
The latest discovery was made after a recent inventory at the Natural History Museum of Toulouse. The researchers noticed some unusual holes in the shell. Especially important is that the end of the shell was broken off. That created a hole large enough to blow through. Inspections with a microscope showed that the opening was made by humans. "It was not accidental breakage or wear,“ Tosello said.
This discovery reminds us that ancient people's lives were more complex than making stone tools and hunting large animals. "Marsoulas cave is not near an ocean. So the prehistoric people must have either moved around or traded to get the shell," the researchers said.
1. What's the conch shell found in France, actually?| A．A tool. | B．A decoration. |
| C．A drinking cup. | D．A musical instrument. |
| A．Researchers explored the cave in order to find the horn. |
| B．Scientists got wrong with the estimation of the shell at first. |
| C．Conch shells have been widely used all over Europe. |
| D．According to archaeologists, the shell found in Syria is the oldest one. |
| A．A large hole at the end. | B．A telescope. |
| C．Some accidental breakage. | D．A natural opening. |
| A．Ancient people lived a more complex life. |
| B．Musical instrument changed a lot over time. |
| C．An ancient musical conch shell was discovered. |
| D．Scientists disagreed on the use of conch shells. |
【推荐3】Reasons You Might Not Be Able to Donate Blood
Donating blood is a generous — not to mention necessary — act, but there are several restrictions on giving that protect you and future recipients of your gift
The medications you're taking
Most medications won’t disqualify you from being able to donate blood.
You’ve tested positive for hepatitis or HIV
If you weigh less than 110 pounds, you're not eligible to donate blood. Underweight individuals tend to have low blood volumes and therefore may not tolerate the removal of the required volume of blood.
Your iron levels are too low or too high
Having low iron — less than 12.5g/dL for women and 13.0g/dL for men — will disqualify you from donating. For this reason, frequent donors, especially women, are encouraged to take iron supplements and eat iron-rich foods to keep their levels in the normal range.
You recently got a piercing or electrolysis
| A．Having levels that are too high will also disqualify you from blood donation |
| B．High blood iron levels increase the risk of diseases |
| C．But some may require a waiting period after your final dose |
| D．Since HIV and hepatitis can be transmitted through blood |
| E．You're underweight |
| F．When you go donate, make sure you have an updated medication list with you |
| G．You'll have to wait three months before you can give blood |
【推荐1】Obviously, most people who try to lose weight generally focus all or most of their attention on the food they eat. But what about their behavior? Are there habits they could be breaking that would also help them lose weight?
According to the Ohio State University Extension, which summarized the findings, the researchers learned people who routinely ate breakfasts, lunches, and dinners tended to have more success losing weight than people whose eating schedules were irregular. As a bonus, they were also more likely to eat a larger quantity of fruits and vegetables.
One activity that brought a disaster to people who wanted to lose weight was watching television, particularly if they ate while watching TV — especially if they ate while watching TV after 7 p.m. People who did these things, including simply watching a lot of television, tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI), as well as a higher intake of fat and sugars.
Those who ate out a lot also tended to take in more fat and sugars, while eating fewer fruits and vegetables. For the purposes of the study, eating away from home was defined not only as eating in restaurants but also eating food provided by an employer or colleagues at work, buying food at convenience stores or gas stations, or buying food for fund-raisers.
Finally, the best results were achieved by those motivated people who kept writing the track of the amount and type of exercise they did and how many calories they ate, who planned meals, and used meal replacements. Those who did these things the most generally lost more weight, ate less fat and sugars, ate more fruits and vegetables, and engaged in more physical activities.
So cutting out all those high-calorie snacks will help you lose weight. If so, apparently, will change some of your habits and behavior.
1. According to the researchers we can know that____.| A．losing weight depends on food a person eat | B．regular eating routine is good for losing weight |
| C．fruits and vegetables can keep you healthy | D．eating irregularly will leave you in a good figure |
| A．Because they had a particular love for sweets |
| B．Because they were fond of watching TV at night |
| C．Because they developed a kind of bad habit |
| D．Because they did nothing but watch TV after 7 p.m. |
| A．the bosses like to invite his employees to dinner | B．more and more people are content to eat out |
| C．eating away from home does harm to health | D．it is very convenient to have dinners outside |
| A．To encourage people to eat at home | B．To inspire people to take exercise |
| C．To advise people to refuse calories | D．To help people get more motivation |
【推荐2】According to the National Alliance on Mental Health, 20 percent of children aged 13-18 suffer from a mental health condition. Those are the same years they are likely to be in school and spending most of their time with teachers and fellow students.
With the right support in place, these students might make the most of educational opportunities in order to reach their full academic potential (潜能). Yet, most students who may be dealing with a mental health condition are likely not receiving any treatment. Studies estimate more than 60 percent are not receiving services or treatment from medical or psychological service providers.
One might think, now that teachers, school psychologists (心理学家) and other educational professionals spend a lot of time with students, they could be one key way to identify children who are at risk for different conditions一and get them the help they need. But, for one, those working in the educational field are often already understaffed and overworked. Frequently, a school teacher or school psychologist may be responsible for hundreds, if not thousands of students. And, two, teachers and other staff lack the clinical (临床的) training to properly identify a true mental health condition.
In an ideal world, teachers and other staff who interact with students the most would receive extra training to help identify at-risk individuals一and then direct them to the school nurse or psychologist for a treatment. Although one in five children may suffer from a mental heath condition with the right state of mind and methods, it is possible for families and schools to work together to make sure at-risk children are getting the care they need.
1. What is most needed for the children suffering from a mental health condition?| A．Equal educational opportunities. |
| B．More company with their teachers. |
| C．Guidance to achieving academic potential. |
| D．Timely mental and psychological treatment. |
| A．Shorthanded. | B．Frustrated. | C．Occupied. | D．Responsible, |
| A．By giving examples. | B．By listing causes. |
| C．By concluding rules. | D．By making comparison. |
| A．Getting extra training. | B．Being more friendly. |
| C．Communicating with families. | D．Showing understanding. |
【推荐3】The world’s first telephone call — “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you” — was a request for a face-to-face meeting. In Brantford, the “Telephone City”, there’s a giant memorial to Alexander Graham Bell that includes a bronze casting with figures meant to represent Knowledge, Joy and Sorrow — the information spread by the telephone.
Today maybe we should have a bit of sorrow for the weakening of the personal connections developed by Bell’s great invention. We own more “phones” than ever, but we don’t use them primarily for voice calls. In 2010 Americans spent 2.24 trillion minutes talking on their mobile devices — which averages out to 7, 813 minutes per mobile line. By 2017 that had dropped to just 5, 539 minutes per line. That’s still 18 minutes per person per day, but it’s a small part of the five hours a day we spend doing other things on our phones: watching videos, browsing Twitter and Facebook, sending text messages, — and all the rest.
So what leads to the fall-off in voice communication? One is digital data. We consumed 28.6 trillion megabytes of data on our phones in 2018, a dramatic 82 percent increase over 2017 levels. The other is robocalls (机器人电话) . YouMail, which makes a robocall-blocking app, says that 4.7 billion calls were placed to U.S. phone numbers in July 2019 alone. My own phone shows that I got 36 robocalls that month — so many that I’ve ignored all strange calls.
Then, what’s lost when texts and posts replace conversation? Briefly put, it is Joy and Sorrow: the emotional content conveyed by the human voice. Without this real-time engagement, we’re left only with Knowledge, which, as the past few years have shown, is so easily misrepresented. Our telephones may have evolved into machines for 24/7 tweeting and texting, but we’re more alone than ever.
1. Why does the author mention Alexander Graham Bell in paragraph 1?| A．To attract the readers to the topic. |
| B．To introduce the city of Brantford. |
| C．To emphasize the contribution of Bell. |
| D．To show the importance of the first call. |
| A．The application of YouMail. |
| B．The ignorance of all the calls. |
| C．The breakdown of the telephone system. |
| D．The increasing consumption of digital data. |
| A．By giving examples. | B．By quoting others’ words. |
| C．By providing statistical data. | D．By providing research results. |
| A．The Evolution of Telephones |
| B．The Emotion Conveyed by Telephones |
| C．The Fall-off of Talking on the Phone |
| D．The Weakening of Personal Communication |
