The next generation of scientists and inventors is already finding approaches to address society’s problems. A group of high school students and their instructor report a solution to the problem of lead (铅) pollution in drinking water — an inexpensive faucet (水龙头) attachment that removes this poisonous metal. Unlike conventional filters currently on the market, theirs includes a container made of eco-friendly plastic and indicates when it’s “used up” by turning the tap water yellow.
“A few years ago, I saw a video of a woman in Michigan turn on her tap water, and it came out brown.” says Rebecca Bushway, the project’s principal investigator. “That made me think — because there’s really no safe level of lead in drinking water, wouldn’t it be nice to have a water filter that could tell you your water is polluted, well before it turns brown because of lead?”
Bushway, as a science teacher, wondered aloud to her chemistry class if there was a little filter that they could make from inexpensive components to easily remove lead. The students were excited about the idea, and they started thinking about the project in 2020.
The students discussed designs for an attachment to screw (用螺丝固定) a filter onto a sink’s faucet. Then in the spring semester of 2021, they 3D printed the attachment and a 3-inch-tall filter housing, using eco-friendly plastic. They filled the containers with some chemical powder. Next, the students added a tiny spectrophotometer (分光光度计) with a single-wavelength LED to the bottom of the filter container. They installed an indicator light that turns on as soon as the detector identifies the yellow color of the lead iodide (碘化铅).
The team’s goal is to make and sell their filters for less than $1 each. Because the housings use eco-friendly plastic, the cost could trend a little higher, but the material would help reduce the overall environmental impact of the filter.
The process of developing the filter has been very fulfilling. “Ultimately, this experience has shown students they can make a difference to somebody, and that there are problems they can fix with science,” said Bushway.
1. What shows that the filter is running out according to the text?A.The change of the water’s color. | B.The change of the filter housing’s color. |
C.The times of the filter being used. | D.The flash of the indicator light. |
A.Her personal experience in Michigan. | B.The unsafe water used by a woman. |
C.A lack of safe drinking water. | D.The experiments carried out in her class. |
A.Chemical powder reacts with the lead in the water. |
B.A detector is fixed to identify the lead iodide. |
C.The students have developed eco-friendly plastic. |
D.The filter has an advantage over others in price. |
A.To advertise a product to remove lead to readers. |
B.To highlight the hardships the inventors encounter. |
C.To praise the young for shouldering responsibilities. |
D.To stress the importance of environmental protection. |
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【推荐1】Researchers at the MIT Media Lab have created a device that can hear silent speech, called AlterEgo. It’s similar to a virtual assistant like Siri or Alexa, which you can ask questions of and get answers from, but completely silent. The device was invented by a graduate student Arnav Kapur and his professor Patti Maes, as a way to increase human intelligence by bringing humans and machines closer together.
The first model looks like a headset, but instead of having a microphone, it attaches to the face. AlterEgo does not read thoughts. What it does read are called “subvocalizations,” While speaking silently, the mouth area makes some tiny movements that can’t be seen. The device has a set of sensors placed along the side of the face to pick up on the movements made by subvocalizations. These are fed into a machine that matches specific movements with their words. Then, instead of earbuds, the device talks back to the user by transmitting sound through the bones of the face into the inner ear, allowing the user to receive silent feedback. Thus the user can ask and receive answers to questions completely silently.
AlterEgo was first tested with a group of 10 subjects who subvocalized math equations for AlterEgo to solve. At the time it had 92 percent accuracy. Since then, the inventors have been working to increase its accuracy. Its current uses include browsing on Roku, solving equations, recommending chess moves, and other basic tasks.
There are many potential advantages of AlterEgo over a cell phone. Being hands-free and completely silent, it allows users to ask a question without interrupting their conversations. It would also allow a user who is in a very noisy environment (such as an airport runway or a factory with loud machinery) to communicate easily, or for someone who must stay silent (such as a military agent) to communicate freely. Perhaps most importantly, it has potential for people with disabilities who are unable to speak normally.
1. What do we know about subvocalizations?A.They are sensors that can pick up on facial movements. |
B.They are words that a person speaks silently. |
C.They are microphones attached to the user’s face. |
D.They are inner thoughts that AlterEgo can read. |
A.subvocalizations | B.the sensors |
C.tiny mouth movements | D.the user’s words |
A.AlterEgo has been widely used in people’s lives |
B.when using AlterEgo, one must keep silent |
C.AlterEgo has a promising future |
D.AlterEgo has more advantages than disadvantages |
A.Researchers at MIT Invent a Device That Can Hear Silent Speech |
B.A Specially Designed Machine That is Used Worldwide |
C.A Device That Is Used to Assist People with Disabilities |
D.Potential Advantages of an Advanced Device — AlterEgo |
【推荐2】Small-scale fisheries supply many people with food. Almost all of those in this trade rely on gillnets (刺网) to trap fish. But gillnets trap other things, for example, endangered animals such as turtles; dangerous ones, such as Humboldt squid; and ones that are both endangered and dangerous, such as several types of sharks. Everyone involved would be better off if this did not happen.
Building on studies done both by himself and by others, to try to avoid the accidental netting of turtles, Jesse Senko, a marine-conservation biologist at Arizona State University, has been investigating the idea of fitting LEDs to nets to avoid netting other unwanted by-catch (误捕的鱼) without discouraging target animals. And, as he reports in Current Biology, it seems to work.
Dr. Senko and his team set up an experiment in the Gulf of Ulloa, in Mexico, in which they cooperated with local fishermen to employ over 10,000 meters of nets that had had nets battery-powered waterproof green LEDs fixed onto them every ten meters. Half of these lights were lit. The other half were left unlit, as controls. Each lit net was paired with an unlit one, and the two were used alongside one another at major fishing locations. The fishers’ target fish were large groupers (石斑鱼). Dr. Senko was interested both in what else got caught and whether the lights decreased catches of the target species.
On the latter point, to his relief, they did not. On the former, the lit net s caught 95% fewer kilograms of shark-related species. In particular, several threatened species turned up less often in the lit than the unlit nets.
The advantage from the point of view of fishermen was that they needed to spend a lot less time clearing these dangerous by-catches from their nets. And, crucially, the LEDs concerned are cheap, hard-wearing, and easy to fix. There are also plans to make them solar powered, for easy recharging. Here, then, is an environmental-protection idea from which everyone wins.
1. What is the problem with gillnets?A.They are costly to maintain. | B.They trap unwanted by-catches. |
C.They discourage target catches. | D.They only trap dangerous species. |
A.The principle of the experiment. | B.The results of the experiment. |
C.The purpose of the experiment | D.The process of the experiment. |
A.Fixing LEDs to gillnets is a win-win idea. |
B.Fishermen benefit the most from the idea. |
C.The Lit-net catches more threatened species. |
D.The LED-net just catches less target species. |
A.Critical. | B.Unclear. | C.Hopeful. | D.Doubtful. |
【推荐3】The 2024 Consumer Electronics Show is upon us and we’ve chosen four most functional-seeming ones to share with you.
A desk bike to charge your phoneCombining the health benefits of a pedal (脚踏) desk with the energy savings of a body-powered phone charger, Ampera Bike seems ideally suited for office multitaskers. A half-hour of pedaling can charge the average phone about 50 percent. The bike, small and unnoticeable enough for a home office, allows workers to finish the same tasks moving as they did sitting still.
Walking assist robotFor many, walking is a challenge because of aging, illness or muscle weakness. That’s why WIM, a robotic assist device tied around your waist and legs, was created. It reduces the energy needed to walk by 20 percent, potentially enabling walkers to go farther and feel less tired. The entire device weighs 3 pounds and folds up to the size of a purse. WIM can also be used in an exercise mode, providing resistance similar to walking in water and targeting specific muscles.
A mental health mirrorHow do you feel when looking in the mirror in the morning? BMind Smart Mirror can take one look, use AI and natural language processing to analyze your expressions and gestures, tell your moods and then offer “personalized mental health coaching” to help. This technology that can monitor for heath changes has the potential of improving the quality of millions of lives.
Targeted hearing devicePeople with hearing loss have difficulty listening to a specific voice in a noisy space. OrCam Hear addresses this issue with a system of earphones and an AI-powered app. The app samples voices and creates speaker profiles, which then allows users to select to select their wanted voice and deaden other ones, making a game-changing, experience for hearing aids in general.
1. What is special about Ampera Bike?A.It’s handy to carry about. |
B.It charges phones with batteries. |
C.It integrates fitness with energy supply. |
D.It’s an economical form of transportation. |
A.Ampera Bike. | B.WIM. |
C.BMind Smart Mirror. | D.OrCam Hear. |
A.By restoring damaged hearing. | B.By screening out undesired sounds. |
C.By boosting the volume of hearing aids. | D.By turning unclear voices into words. |
【推荐1】When a marketing genius walks into your store, it might benefit you to pay attention, even if that genius is only a small child. When a store owner saw a young girl playing an imaginary hopscotch(跳房子) game using his wood flooring, it sparked (引发) a brilliant idea.
The store owner marked out a hopscotch board in multi-colored tape leading to the sales window. When the girl returned, she immediately began using the new store hopscotch board.
Once the board was in place, the store owner noticed an amazing thing happening in the store. It started with a grown man looking a little nervous and glancing (瞥) around the store. The owner thought he might be checking for cameras to steal something. But what he did next shocked the owner. The man started jumping along the hopscotch board!
With total ignoring “how it looked,” the grown man hopped along the hopscotch board like a seasoned professional! And he smiled! But that was just the beginning of the surprise for the store owner. As more people entered the store, more and more of the adult customers took the opportunity to hop to the cash register.
The simple addition of a hopscotch board brought smiles, laughter, and true joy into the tiny convenience store. People were smiling and feeling happier. The in-store cameras record the hoppers merrily jumping along.
Big, small, men, women, old, and young: everyone seems to enjoy the opportunity to be a kid again. The feeling may only last for a few seconds, but if it brings joy to your life, do it!
Some customers carefully walk around the board. However, many enjoy those few seconds of being a kid again. The response delighted the store owner. If you’re the type of person who would hop along the board, share the hopscotch game with your fellow hoppers!
1. What did the girl inspire the store owner to do?A.He invited the girl to return to the store. | B.He also jumped along the hopscotch board. |
C.He prevented a man from stealing something. | D.He created a hopscotch board in the store. |
A.He tried to steal things from the store. | B.He encouraged others to join the game. |
C.He laughed at the girl playing the game. | D.He played the game after some hesitation. |
A.Because they all cared for the girl. | B.Because they could get joy from it. |
C.Because the game was fit for them. | D.Because the game was easy to learn. |
A.Considerate and creative. | B.Knowledgeable and honest. |
C.Humorous and outgoing. | D.Modest and ambitious. |
【推荐2】Lions, tigers, and bears definitely aren’t meant to live as a pack. But not every animal has been through the misery that established the bond between three normally opposing male predators (捕食者).
Back in 2001, police searched a drug dealer’s house in Atlanta, Georgia. In the basement, they came across a heartbreaking sight. There sat three terrified cubs (幼崽) found skin and bones that certainly didn’t belong in anyone’s home.
The African lion, Leo, had been stuffed inside a small container with an open wound on his face. Shere Khan, the Bengal tiger, looked bony, and the black bear, Baloo, was wearing a chain so small that it had become embedded into his flesh.
But their nightmare was finally over. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources took them to Noah’s Ark Animal Sanctuary, a nonprofit animal rescue in Locust Grove. “When they were first brought to the sanctuary, Baloo, Shere Khan, and Leo were injured, frightened and clinging to one another for comfort,“guardian Allison Hedgecoth told HuffPost. And as they got more comfortable, they accompanied each other, cuddled, and played together. Clearly, they were a bonded trial .
Sanctuary staff anticipated the need to separate the friends once they reached maturity, as they would likely grow apart. After all, it’s the natural order in the animal kingdom. But the trio, known as BLT (bear, lion, tiger), never left each other’s sides. The sanctuary ultimately decided to keep them together.
Baloo, the playful one, loved teasing Leo with gentle bites. And the affectionate Shere Khan could often be found curling up to either of his brothers. “Even though they live in a three-acre enclosure, they’re usually within 100 feet of each other,” Allison told Inside Edition. “That’s proof that they’re not just coexisting or cohabiting, they actually do enjoy each other’s company.”
1. Why could the three animals live as a pack?A.Because they preferred hunting in groups. |
B.Because they shared a miserable experience. |
C.Because they were terrified to be caught alone. |
D.Because they were rescued from the basement. |
A.A frightened animal. |
B.A chemical bond. |
C.An isolated individual. |
D.A close community. |
A.Baloo usually bit and clawed at his brothers. |
B.They lived together for the sake of coexistence. |
C.They took delight in being wonderful companions. |
D.Shere Khan was the most playful and energetic one. |
A.A diary entry. |
B.A children’s fiction. |
C.A feature story. |
D.A science documentary. |
【推荐3】I recently took my mom on a special trip to Brenda Gantt's restaurant. Brenda is a celebrity chef and my mom was delighted at the idea of meeting her in person.
While most of us looked forward to her Saturday breakfast, I was quickly attracted by a holiday tradition that Brenda shared with us. It turns out that in addition to being a master in the kitchen, Brenda also enjoys crafting. She just happened to mention a fairly easy project that I now plan to use for my Thanksgiving table this year.
Brenda told us how long ago she had made personalized "seating cards ” out of tree branches or small trunks. "You cut them thick enough so that they sit up at the table, " she said. These personalized “cards” have become a beloved and time-honored part of her family. She shared that they still have the one saying “Big Daddy” in honor of her late husband.
I got the help from my son and husband, who cut nice branches for me to use. I can't wait to see the fun my children will have personalizing them. And as an added bonus for the adults, the craft time might even provide a short window of quiet during our usually noisy holidays.
Like Brenda, my family also has a special "Big Daddy" --- that's what our children have always called my dad, continuing the tradition of what I called my dad's dad. Even though Big Daddy always sits at the head of the table, it will be fun to have a special decoration this year to reserve his space... and everyone else's too!
1. What do we know about Brenda Gantt?A.She is a master of handwork. |
B.She is distinguished for her cooking. |
C.She enjoys making presents during holidays. |
D.She runs a restaurant in memory of her husband. |
A.They take special trips during Thanksgiving. |
B.They have a seating card saying “Big Daddy”. |
C.They prepare holiday meals for family members. |
D.They share the same tradition of calling the grandpas. |
A.Troublesome. | B.Boring. | C.Demanding. | D.Cheerful. |
A.Exchanging breakfast cooking skills. |
B.Decorating windows during Thanksgiving. |
C.Making tree-trunk-cards for the holiday table. |
D.Getting quiet time in the noisy holiday season. |
【推荐1】To learn to think is to learn to question. Those who don’t question never truly think for themselves. These are simple rules that have governed the advancement of science and human thought. Advancements are made when thinkers question theories (理论) and introduce new ones. Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought. Aristotle (亚里士多德) was a brilliant (伟大的) philosopher whose theories explained much of the natural world, often incorrectly. He was so respected by the scientific community that even 1, 200 years after his death, scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakes rather than correct them!
Brilliant minds can intimidate up-and-coming thinkers who are not confident of their abilities. They often believe they are not as good as the minds of giants (巨人) such as Aristotle, leading many to accept current (目前的) ideas instead of questioning them.
I, like many thinkers of the past, once believed in my mental weakness. I didn’t question what was written on those pages. I respected them, and accepted whatever they told me. But that attitude soon changed. My mind’s independence was first developed in the classroom.
A 65-year-old science teacher once told me that light is a type of wave. I confidently believed that light is a wave. One day, however, I heard the German exchange student mention that light could be made up of particles (粒子) . As the others laughed at his statement (陈述) , I started to question my beliefs.
Maybe the teachers and textbooks hadn’t given me the whole story. I went to the library, did some research and learned of the light-as-a-wave vs light-as-a-particle debate. I realized I had gone through life accepting only half of the story as the whole truth.
Each new year brought more new facts, and I had even more questions. I found myself in the library after school, trying to find my own answers to gain a more complete understanding of what I thought I already knew. Even textbooks can be challenged. I learned to question my sources, I learned to be a thinker.
Questions are said to be the path to truth, and I plan to continue questioning. How many things do we know for sure today that we will question in the future? I know nothing can escape the gravity of a black hole. This knowledge may change in the next 20 years. The one thing we can control now is our openness to discovery. Questions are the tools of open minds, and open minds are the key to intellectual (智力的) advancement.
1. In the first paragraph, Aristotle is taken as an example to show that _________.A.he is the greatest and respected philosopher of all time |
B.huge influence of great thinkers may stop human thought from developing |
C.advancements are made when thinkers question theories |
D.great thinkers often make mistakes and then correct them |
A.Frighten. | B.Encourage. | C.Strengthen (加强) | D.Persuade. (游说) |
A.what he learned from textbooks before turned out to be wrong |
B.he was inspired by the different ideas from an exchange student |
C.he was laughed at by other students for his unacceptable statement |
D.he was not satisfied with his life and eager to achieve success |
A.looks down upon great thinkers all the time |
B.never doubts what he has learned in the textbook |
C.always throws himself into the laboratory |
D.is determined to be a thinker and questioner |
A.the author is not quite sure about his future |
B.we human beings don’t dare (敢) to predict (预测) future |
C.the theory of black holes will change in two years |
D.questioning is necessary to promote advancement |
【推荐2】An associate university professor in Florida has completed his research mission and set a new world record in the process: living 100 days beneath the ocean’s surface.
On Friday morning, Dr. Joseph Dituri felt the sun’s rays for the first time since he began the project 22 feet below the waters of Key Largo, Florida, on March 1.
Dituri,55, a biomedical engineer who teaches at the University of South Florida and calls himself “Dr. Deep Sea”, spent just over three months at the bottom of the Emerald Lagoon in Jules’ Undersea Lodge, the only underwater hotel in the United States.
The research project, Project Neptune 100, was organized by the Key Largo-based Marine Resources Development Foundation and focused on ocean conservation research and studying how high pressure affects the human body.
The US Navy veteran said he’d noticed one impact: The water pressure seems to have shrunken his height by half an inch. Dituri stood at 6 feet 1 inch tall before starting his mission, the University of South Florida stated in a news release.
The scientist began the project with a belief that increased pressure could help humans live longer and prevent aging-related diseases, the news release said. Dituri said he hopes his underwater research will benefit the treatment of a variety of illnesses, including traumatic brain injuries.
Dituri also used the project as an educational experience for the youth. “We have interacted with thousands of school children to get them interested in science, technology, engineering and math, “Dituri told Guinness World Records on June 8. While underwater, he continued teaching his college students virtually.
Dituri broke the Guinness World Record for longest time living underwater at the 74-day mark of his project, on May 13. The previous record stood at 73 days, two hours and 34 minutes, set at the same location al Dituri’s successful attempt.
1. When did Dr. Joseph Dituri probably return to the surface?A.On March 1. | B.On May 13. | C.On June 9. | D.On June 19. |
A.To challenge his limits. | B.To encourage good teamwork. |
C.For scientific research. | D.For personal enthusiasm. |
A.It’s beneficial to human health. | B.It does harm to human body. |
C.It’s a very painful experience. | D.It’s the same as living on land. |
A.What Is Living Underwater Really Like? |
B.Can Humans Live Underwater for 100 Days? |
C.“Dr. Deep Sea” Interacts with Children Underwater |
D.“Dr. Deep Sea” Breaks Record for Living Underwater |
【推荐3】Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing? If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today’s scientific description of the world?
The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.
Consider a folk healer’s herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific”? Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available.
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”
1. Why does the author raise the two questions in paragraph 1?A.To add some fun. | B.To express doubts. |
C.To introduce the topic. | D.To provide background. |
A.It can be timeless. | B.It can be improved. |
C.It is of little value. | D.It is the best at any moment. |
A.Dismissive. | B.Objective. | C.Pessimistic. | D.Sympathetic. |
A.It is unwise to believe in science. |
B.Too much uncertainty lies in science. |
C.The foundation of science is unfounded. |
D.The lack of certainty makes science credible. |