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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:69 题号:22898867

The next generation of scientists and inventors is already finding approaches to address society’s problems. A group of high school students and their instructor report a solution to the problem of lead (铅) pollution in drinking water — an inexpensive faucet (水龙头) attachment that removes this poisonous metal. Unlike conventional filters currently on the market, theirs includes a container made of eco-friendly plastic and indicates when it’s “used up” by turning the tap water yellow.

“A few years ago, I saw a video of a woman in Michigan turn on her tap water, and it came out brown.” says Rebecca Bushway, the project’s principal investigator. “That made me think — because there’s really no safe level of lead in drinking water, wouldn’t it be nice to have a water filter that could tell you your water is polluted, well before it turns brown because of lead?”

Bushway, as a science teacher, wondered aloud to her chemistry class if there was a little filter that they could make from inexpensive components to easily remove lead. The students were excited about the idea, and they started thinking about the project in 2020.

The students discussed designs for an attachment to screw (用螺丝固定) a filter onto a sink’s faucet. Then in the spring semester of 2021, they 3D printed the attachment and a 3-inch-tall filter housing, using eco-friendly plastic. They filled the containers with some chemical powder. Next, the students added a tiny spectrophotometer (分光光度计) with a single-wavelength LED to the bottom of the filter container. They installed an indicator light that turns on as soon as the detector identifies the yellow color of the lead iodide (碘化铅).

The team’s goal is to make and sell their filters for less than $1 each. Because the housings use eco-friendly plastic, the cost could trend a little higher, but the material would help reduce the overall environmental impact of the filter.

The process of developing the filter has been very fulfilling. “Ultimately, this experience has shown students they can make a difference to somebody, and that there are problems they can fix with science,” said Bushway.

1. What shows that the filter is running out according to the text?
A.The change of the water’s color.B.The change of the filter housing’s color.
C.The times of the filter being used.D.The flash of the indicator light.
2. What inspired Bushway to remove lead in the water?
A.Her personal experience in Michigan.B.The unsafe water used by a woman.
C.A lack of safe drinking water.D.The experiments carried out in her class.
3. What can be inferred from paragraphs 4 and 5?
A.Chemical powder reacts with the lead in the water.
B.A detector is fixed to identify the lead iodide.
C.The students have developed eco-friendly plastic.
D.The filter has an advantage over others in price.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To advertise a product to remove lead to readers.
B.To highlight the hardships the inventors encounter.
C.To praise the young for shouldering responsibilities.
D.To stress the importance of environmental protection.

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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员发明的一种可以听到无声讲话的设备,叫做AlterEgo。这个装置是由一名研究生Arnav Kapur和他的教授Patti Maes发明的,目的是通过拉近人与机器的距离来提高人类的智能。

【推荐1】Researchers at the MIT Media Lab have created a device that can hear silent speech, called AlterEgo. It’s similar to a virtual assistant like Siri or Alexa, which you can ask questions of and get answers from, but completely silent. The device was invented by a graduate student Arnav Kapur and his professor Patti Maes, as a way to increase human intelligence by bringing humans and machines closer together.

The first model looks like a headset, but instead of having a microphone, it attaches to the face. AlterEgo does not read thoughts. What it does read are called “subvocalizations,” While speaking silently, the mouth area makes some tiny movements that can’t be seen. The device has a set of sensors placed along the side of the face to pick up on the movements made by subvocalizations. These are fed into a machine that matches specific movements with their words. Then, instead of earbuds, the device talks back to the user by transmitting sound through the bones of the face into the inner ear, allowing the user to receive silent feedback. Thus the user can ask and receive answers to questions completely silently.

AlterEgo was first tested with a group of 10 subjects who subvocalized math equations for AlterEgo to solve. At the time it had 92 percent accuracy. Since then, the inventors have been working to increase its accuracy. Its current uses include browsing on Roku, solving equations, recommending chess moves, and other basic tasks.

There are many potential advantages of AlterEgo over a cell phone. Being hands-free and completely silent, it allows users to ask a question without interrupting their conversations. It would also allow a user who is in a very noisy environment (such as an airport runway or a factory with loud machinery) to communicate easily, or for someone who must stay silent (such as a military agent) to communicate freely. Perhaps most importantly, it has potential for people with disabilities who are unable to speak normally.

1. What do we know about subvocalizations?
A.They are sensors that can pick up on facial movements.
B.They are words that a person speaks silently.
C.They are microphones attached to the user’s face.
D.They are inner thoughts that AlterEgo can read.
2. The underlined word “these” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.subvocalizationsB.the sensors
C.tiny mouth movementsD.the user’s words
3. We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.
A.AlterEgo has been widely used in people’s lives
B.when using AlterEgo, one must keep silent
C.AlterEgo has a promising future
D.AlterEgo has more advantages than disadvantages
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the article?
A.Researchers at MIT Invent a Device That Can Hear Silent Speech
B.A Specially Designed Machine That is Used Worldwide
C.A Device That Is Used to Assist People with Disabilities
D.Potential Advantages of an Advanced Device — AlterEgo
2022-05-16更新 | 54次组卷
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚利桑那州立大学的海洋保护生物学家Jesse Senko在自己和他人的研究基础上,一直在研究将LEDs安装在渔网上的想法,以避免捕获其他不想要的副渔获物,同时又不会丧失目标动物。

【推荐2】Small-scale fisheries supply many people with food. Almost all of those in this trade rely on gillnets (刺网) to trap fish. But gillnets trap other things, for example, endangered animals such as turtles; dangerous ones, such as Humboldt squid; and ones that are both endangered and dangerous, such as several types of sharks. Everyone involved would be better off if this did not happen.

Building on studies done both by himself and by others, to try to avoid the accidental netting of turtles, Jesse Senko, a marine-conservation biologist at Arizona State University, has been investigating the idea of fitting LEDs to nets to avoid netting other unwanted by-catch (误捕的鱼) without discouraging target animals. And, as he reports in Current Biology, it seems to work.

Dr. Senko and his team set up an experiment in the Gulf of Ulloa, in Mexico, in which they cooperated with local fishermen to employ over 10,000 meters of nets that had had nets battery-powered waterproof green LEDs fixed onto them every ten meters. Half of these lights were lit. The other half were left unlit, as controls. Each lit net was paired with an unlit one, and the two were used alongside one another at major fishing locations. The fishers’ target fish were large groupers (石斑鱼). Dr. Senko was interested both in what else got caught and whether the lights decreased catches of the target species.

On the latter point, to his relief, they did not. On the former, the lit net s caught 95% fewer kilograms of shark-related species. In particular, several threatened species turned up less often in the lit than the unlit nets.

The advantage from the point of view of fishermen was that they needed to spend a lot less time clearing these dangerous by-catches from their nets. And, crucially, the LEDs concerned are cheap, hard-wearing, and easy to fix. There are also plans to make them solar powered, for easy recharging. Here, then, is an environmental-protection idea from which everyone wins.

1. What is the problem with gillnets?
A.They are costly to maintain.B.They trap unwanted by-catches.
C.They discourage target catches.D.They only trap dangerous species.
2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.The principle of the experiment.B.The results of the experiment.
C.The purpose of the experimentD.The process of the experiment.
3. What can be inferred from Dr. Senko’s experiment?
A.Fixing LEDs to gillnets is a win-win idea.
B.Fishermen benefit the most from the idea.
C.The Lit-net catches more threatened species.
D.The LED-net just catches less target species.
4. What was the author’s attitude to the LEDs’ idea?
A.Critical.B.Unclear.C.Hopeful.D.Doubtful.
2024-05-17更新 | 65次组卷
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【推荐3】The 2024 Consumer Electronics Show is upon us and we’ve chosen four most functional-seeming ones to share with you.

A desk bike to charge your phone

Combining the health benefits of a pedal (脚踏) desk with the energy savings of a body-powered phone charger, Ampera Bike seems ideally suited for office multitaskers. A half-hour of pedaling can charge the average phone about 50 percent. The bike, small and unnoticeable enough for a home office, allows workers to finish the same tasks moving as they did sitting still.

Walking assist robot

For many, walking is a challenge because of aging, illness or muscle weakness. That’s why WIM, a robotic assist device tied around your waist and legs, was created. It reduces the energy needed to walk by 20 percent, potentially enabling walkers to go farther and feel less tired. The entire device weighs 3 pounds and folds up to the size of a purse. WIM can also be used in an exercise mode, providing resistance similar to walking in water and targeting specific muscles.

A mental health mirror

How do you feel when looking in the mirror in the morning? BMind Smart Mirror can take one look, use AI and natural language processing to analyze your expressions and gestures, tell your moods and then offer “personalized mental health coaching” to help. This technology that can monitor for heath changes has the potential of improving the quality of millions of lives.

Targeted hearing device

People with hearing loss have difficulty listening to a specific voice in a noisy space. OrCam Hear addresses this issue with a system of earphones and an AI-powered app. The app samples voices and creates speaker profiles, which then allows users to select to select their wanted voice and deaden other ones, making a game-changing, experience for hearing aids in general.

1. What is special about Ampera Bike?
A.It’s handy to carry about.
B.It charges phones with batteries.
C.It integrates fitness with energy supply.
D.It’s an economical form of transportation.
2. Which of the following devices may read your thoughts?
A.Ampera Bike.B.WIM.
C.BMind Smart Mirror.D.OrCam Hear.
3. How does OrCam Hear favor the hearing-disabled?
A.By restoring damaged hearing.B.By screening out undesired sounds.
C.By boosting the volume of hearing aids.D.By turning unclear voices into words.
2024-05-15更新 | 72次组卷
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