Singles' Day ---- the Chinese opposite of Valentine’s Day has turned into a massive online shopping event. It is a day when single people are supposed to buy themselves presents. But there are sociological reasons behind China's “celebration” of single life. And the imbalance could have big consequences for the country.
There were 34 million more men than women in China in 2011. Part of that is natural – usually there are 105 boys born for every 100 girls. But the Chinese gender ratio (性别比例) at birth is much more obvious. It was 116 boys to 100 girls in 2012. The one child policy is largely to blame. Brought in to limit population expansion, the policy allows only one child per family. But because male children are seen as more valuable, as well as more likely to support their parents in old age, some parents choose to have a son over a daughter. The result is that large numbers of men will likely never get married. In fact, one study has predicted that by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese men in their 30s will never have married, while another states that 94% of unmarried people in China are men.
Traditionally, China h as seen high levels of marriage, usually among the young. Besides, the increased education and career opportunities for women have meant that marriages are happening later. It is also traditional that women often marry men of a higher socioeconomic status than themselves. So women at the top and men at the bottom find themselves alone. One study has even suggested a link between an imbalanced gender ratio and growth in violent crime in the country.
Singles’ Day can’t solve all the problems China’s singles face. Indeed, it is possible that it is causing even more problems, as men resort to increasingly risky lines of work to increase their chances of gaining money and thus a wife. I am worried that as money starts to overcome romance, there is evidence that China ' s marriage market is increasingly materialistic.
1. In 2012, if 50 girls were born, how many boys were probably born?
A.50. | B.52. | C.58. | D.60. |
A.Their support of the government’s late marriage policy. |
B.Their higher education level and more work chances. |
C.That they expect to enjoy their single time when young. |
D.That there are too many excellent young men to choose from. |
A.Optimistic | B.Concerned |
C.Indifferent | D.Unknown |
A.Singles' Day is celebrated all over the world. |
B.by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese women in their 30s will be out of marriage. |
C.an imbalanced gender ratio is related to the growth in violent crime. |
D.Singles' Day will solve all the problems China’s singles face. |
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【推荐1】Dr. Faisal Zawawi, an Otolaryngologist and member of the McGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, notes that when a person is exposed to loud noises, it can cause shortterm hearing loss but that under normal circumstances the body typically is able to repair the loss of hearing within 72 hours. However, Zawawi warns that if symptoms are not reversed (倒转) in the first 72 hours the damage could become permanent. Due to findings in previous studies about it, Zawawi says that the team of researchers has suspected that something may stop this repair process. Therefore, the team set out to determine if caffeine could be a contributing cause to hearing loss. According to the Medical Daily, the researchers tested what they suspected on female guinea pigs (FGP)(豚鼠).
To perform the test, 24 female guinea pigs were split into three equal groups with each group exposed in different levels to caffeine, and loud noise. The researchers found that the guinea pigs subjected to only sound had their full hearing recovered by day eight. However, the guinea pigs that were subjected to both caffeine and loud noise never fully regained their hearing. Therefore, the researchers concluded that caffeine is a likely contributing cause to permanent hearing loss.
“This research confirms that while a cup of coffee may seem appealing after a long night at a loud concert, drinking caffeine produces more of a risk than benefit when it comes to a person’s hearing. Although further research is required to understand the effects on humans, the results are promising,” says Zawawi. If the research proves successful, the removal of caffeine from your diet following noise exposure could prevent permanent hearing loss as the body will be more able to repair itself naturally.
1. What caused the team to do the research?A.Caffeine loving people suffering hearing loss. |
B.The finding that FGPs are sensitive to noise. |
C.The results about hearing loss found before. |
D.The fact that many people drink coffee. |
A.Coffee can stop it from recovering. | B.Coffee can lead to quick hearing loss. |
C.Loud noise causes people to lose it forever. | D.Hearing loss after noise exposure is normal. |
A.It’s controversial. | B.It’s almost successful. |
C.It’s unnecessary to carry it on. | D.It’s not predictable. |
A.Drinking coffee daily results in it. |
B.Generally people can recover from it in 3 days. |
C.The continuous noise exposure surely causes it. |
D.The temporary hearing loss will become permanent after 3 days. |
【推荐2】Talking on video-conference software like Zoom during the coronavirus pandemic has helped older people stave off the effects of dementia, a new study has suggested.
Researchers found that regular communication helps maintain long-term memory, and elderly people who often use online tools showed less decline in memory than those who don’t.
The study, by the University of West London’s Geller Institute of Ageing and Memory, studied the communication of 11,418 men and women over the age of 50. They were asked how often they interacted with friends and family online, on the phone and in person, and then completed memory tests that involved recalling a list of 10 words at various intervals. The participants who only used traditional, face-to-face communication showed more signs of cognitive (认知) decline than those who used technology to keep in touch with friends and family.
“This shows for the first time the impact of diverse, frequent and meaningful interactions on long-term memory, and specifically, how supplementing (补充) more traditional methods with online social activity may achieve that among older adults,” the study’s leader Snorri Rafnsson said.
“With more and more older adults now using online communication so frequently, especially during the past year of global lockdowns, it poses the question as to what extent technology can help sustain (维持) relationships and overcome social isolation, and how that can also help maintain brain health,” he also said.
A study last year found that negative thinking is linked to dementia later in life. And separate research found that the decrease in motivation and goal-directed behavior could also be a trigger (起因) in older adults.
1. What does the study mainly find about online social activities?A.They help treat memory loss. |
B.They reduce the risk of dementia for seniors. |
C.They attract more senior citizens than before. |
D.They offer more benefits than traditional activities. |
A.Its real-world applications. | B.Explanations for the findings. |
C.Its importance to dementia research. | D.Recommendations for future studies. |
A.Favorable. | B.Intolerant. |
C.Cautious. | D.Surprised. |
A.To encourage seniors to improve their digital skills. |
B.To argue for the benefits of online social interaction. |
C.To share a study on seniors’ virtual interaction and dementia. |
D.To describe the connections between dementia and technology. |
【推荐3】It’s time for bed, the lights are out, and yet you’re wide awake. You do eventually manage to fall asleep, but even then, it’s a very shallow, restless sort of sleep.
Now more research suggests you needn’t look further than outside your window and at the moon for the cause of this sleeplessness. However, in a surprising twist, the findings weren’t entirely what the researchers expected. While we know that humans are a species ruled by light, the “lunar phase effect” (月相效应) affects sleep even when artificial sources of light are accounted for.
Rather than people staying up later and sleeping less during the full moon, it was just before the full moon that sleep was shorter and lighter. “It turns out that the nights before the full moon are the ones that have most of the moonlight during the first half of the night,” said Horacio Iglesia, a professor of biology at the University of Washington in The Guardian. The opposite was true just before the new moon — people tended to sleep more and go to bed earlier.
Ninety-eight participants across three Indigenous communities in Argentina wore wrist monitors tracking sleep patterns over the course of one to two months. While one community had no access to electricity, the second community had limited access, and the third community was located in an urban setting with full access to electricity.
The study also found that this lunar phase effect on sleep also appeared to have greater impact on people who had more limited access to electricity. In every community, participants’ peak (高峰) sleepless period occurred in the three to five days leading up to the full moon night, while the opposite was true for the new moon, the study authors found.
Wanting further insight, the researchers compared their data to the results of a similar study of 464 Seattle-based students at the University of Washington. The findings proved consistent.
This research supports the view that try as we may, we can’t ever fully get away from some forces of nature.
1. What makes it hard for people to fall asleep?A.Visual distance. | B.Faded light. |
C.Artificial light. | D.Bright moonlight. |
A.Before the full moon. | B.During the full moon. |
C.Before the new moon. | D.During the new moon. |
A.The third community slept least during the new moon. |
B.Lunar phase effect affected the first community more. |
C.Peak sleepless period often happened at the same night |
D.The result of the research differed from previous ones. |
A.Shallow Sleep Does Harm to Health | B.The Moon Affects Our Sleep Cycles |
C.People Live in Harmony with Nature | D.Sleep Patterns Differ from Each Other |
【推荐1】I first visited China in 1979, a few months after our countries normalized relations. China was just beginning to remake its economy, and I was in the first Senate Delegation (参议院代表团)to witness it. Traveling through the country last month, I could see how much China had changed in 32 years.
Then , as now there were concerns about what a growing China meant to America and the world. Some here see China's growth as a threat. Some Chinese worry our aim in the Asia-Pacific is to contain China's rise. I don't agree to these views. We are clear about concern like China's growing military abilities. That is why we are working with the Chinese military to understand and shape their thinking. It is why the president has directed the United States to keep a strong position in the area. I am sure that a successful China can make our country more prosperous(繁荣的),not less. We share common challenges and responsibilities. The Chinese leaders I met with know their country must shift from an economy driven by exports, investment and heavy industry to one driven more by consumption and services. As Americans save more and Chinese buy more, this change will speed up, opening opportunities for us. Even as the United States and China cooperate, we also compete. I strongly believe that the United States can and will benefit from this competition.
Maybe more important, the nature of 21st century competition favors the United States. In the 20th century, we measured a nation's wealth mainly by its natural resources, its land mass, its population and its army. In the 21st century, the true wealth of a nation is found in the creative minds of its people and their ability to innovate (创新).As I told students in Chengdu, the United States is born for innovation. Competition is the base of our society. We owe our strength to our political and economic system and to the way we educate our children. We not only tolerate but celebrate free expression and debate. Our universities remain attractive to the world's students and scholars.
Fundamental rights are universal. Liberty unlocks a people's full potential , while its absence causes unrest. Open and free societies are best at promoting long-term growth. We have our own work to do. We need to ensure that any American willing to work can find a good job. We need to keep attracting the world's top talent. I've traveled half a million miles around the world. I always come home feeling the same confidence in our future . Some may warn of America's failure, but I'm not among them. And let me reassure you : based on my time in China, neither are the Chinese.
1. In the author's eyes, .A.the growing China has become a threat to America. |
B.there's only competition between China and America. |
C.Chinese universities have surpassed American ones. |
D.a bright future is waiting for both China and America. |
A.speech | B.notice | C.announcement | D.script |
A.critical | B.optimistic | C.pessimistic | D.indifferent |
A.senior official of America | B.businessman of China |
C.senior official of China | D.actor of America |
【推荐2】In a policy address to lawmakers, Japan’s Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, said the country’s population problem was a case of solving the issue “now or never”, and that it “simply cannot wait any longer because it can affect social functions”.
“In thinking of the sustainability and inclusiveness (包容) of our nation’s economy and society, we place child care support as our most important policy,” he said, adding that he wants the government to double its spending on child-related programs, and that a new government agency would be set up in April to focus on the issue.
Japan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, and it recorded fewer than 800, 000 births in 2022 for the first time since records began in 1899. The country also has one of the highest aging of population in the world; in 2020, nearly one in 1, 500 people in Japan were age 100 or older, according to government data.
These trends have driven a growing population problem, with a rapidly aging society, a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to fill the gaps in the stagnating (停滞) economy. The country’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Experts point to the pessimism young people in Japan hold towards the future, many frustrated with work pressure and economic stagnation.
How about other parts of East Asia? South Korea recently broke its own record for the world’s lowest birth rate, with data from November 2023 showing a South Korean woman will have an average of 0.79 children in her lifetime-far below the 2.1 needed to maintain a stable population. Japan’s birth rate stands at 1.3, while the United States is at 1.6. Meanwhile, China’s population shrank in 2022 for the first time, adding pressure to its economic growth.
1. With the falling birth rate, what’s the attitude of the Japanese government?A.Surprised. | B.Anxious. | C.Embarrassed. | D.Indifferent. |
A.The limited space. | B.The trend of aging population. |
C.The lack of child care support. | D.The work pressure and economic stagnation. |
A.Serious population crisis. | B.Ignorance of the birth rate. |
C.Weak care services for children. | D.Potential harm to children’s health. |
A.a tour guide. | B.a science fiction. |
C.a job advertisement. | D.a official government website. |
【推荐3】If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会)and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.
From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
1. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .A.the progress made in car industry |
B.a special feature of agriculture |
C.a trend of development in agriculture |
D.the importance of investing in car industry |
A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary. |
B.Technology is vital for agricultural development. |
C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce |
D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones. |
A.To gain more financial aid. |
B.To hire good farm managers. |
C.To have farms of their own. |
D.To win old farmers’ support. |
A.Seek support beyond NYFC. |
B.Expand farmland conservation. |
C.Become members of NYFC. |
D.Invest more to improve technology. |
【推荐1】France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra (过分的)-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “ encourage unreasonable thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures ;have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultrathin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done.
The bans, if fully carried out, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters (仲裁人) of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules regarding the age, health, and. other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement (执行) is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
Relying on moral persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help uplift notions (观念) of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
1. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined. |
B.New runways would be constructed. |
C.Websites about dieting would develop. |
D.The fashion industry would decline. |
A.heightening the value of | B.indicating the state of | C.losing faith in | D.doing harm to |
A.using extravagant material |
B.caring too much about models’ character. |
C.showing little concern for models’ health |
D.pursuing the perfect physical conditions of models |
A.The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry |
B.Beauty Is Skin-deep |
C.A Campaign for Promoting True Beauty in France |
D.A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals |
【推荐2】Many people wrongly think that cities don't have farms and that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the country. Believe it or not, more and more urban farms are popping up in cities all over the world.
Alexandra Sullivan, a food system researcher in New York City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment. Ms. Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been planted and grown. According to Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world."
The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is increasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising. Ms. Sullivan says, "In small gardens, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat. They use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture." Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely on food grown in rural areas. This is because a city doesn't have enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it.
In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isn't a lot of room. For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City. All together, the farms are made up of 2.5 acres of rooftop space. This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world.
Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of things. The farming company sells its vegetables to local residents and restaurants. And because the farms are on rooftops, they are specially adapted to their urban location. They use available space that is not needed for anything else. As more urban farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fresher materials for their meals.
1. What does the author mean by "urban farms are popping up" in Paragraph 1?A.Urban farms disappear gradually. | B.Urban farms are declining. |
C.Urban farms appear or occur suddenly. | D.Urban farms move suddenly. |
A.Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities. |
B.Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely. |
C.The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly. |
D.Urban agriculture can provide huge income. |
A.It has large fanning areas. | B.It can only grow single products. |
C.It produces enough food for citizens. | D.It makes use of rooftop space to grow vegetables. |
A.Farms in Cities | B.Future Food System |
C.Food Grown in Cities | D.Agriculture of New York City |
【推荐3】A new study has discovered that meditation (冥想) and oxygen sport together reduce depression. The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months, reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.
“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non-depressed students,” said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. “It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”
Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect on combating depression. Alderman and Dr. Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.
Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention.
Shors, who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus—part of the brain involved in memory and learning—says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.
The idea for the human intervention (干预) came from her laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.
By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past, Shors says.
“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health.” said Alderman. “The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”
1. What made the research so different?A.Adopting a way of meaningful talk. |
B.Combining the two behavioral ways to treat depression. |
C.Treating depression with special medicine. |
D.Comparing the depressed with the non-depressed. |
A.fighting | B.identifying |
C.distinguishing | D.examining |
A.They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking. |
B.They thought quietly and then took exercise. |
C.They took exercise longer than they thought. |
D.They took exercise while thinking quietly. |
A.To find out certain brain cells of humans. |
B.To study the production of new brain cells. |
C.To offer people a new method to treat stress. |
D.To decide the links between stress and exercise. |