Ever since the invention of the printing press over 500 years ago, mass communication has been growing and affecting the way communities and people behave. Where once the written word was used by those with power to keep control of populations, now everyone believes that they have power over governments because of the huge amount of knowledge available to them thanks to electronic communication. At every stage of the development of communication, from the telegraph through to the Internet, societies have had to adapt to its effects. But have the effects been more positive or negative?
The saying “knowledge is power” has been an excellent motivator for people to improve their lives, but today the massive amount of information available through the Internet doesn’t always seem to be helping people in the way we’d hoped. Rather than improving people’s lives and bringing us closer together, the information age is making us more divided and irresponsible.
Nevertheless, many people find comfort in their virtual (虚拟的) worlds and are happy to connect with real-life friends and online friends from the familiar surroundings of their living rooms. However, being able to reinvent themselves online and be whoever they want to be leads to the question of whether they are losing their identities by living in a virtual world.
It’s not all bad news, however. Mass communication has helped change some attitudes for the better. Take our views on the environment for example. Internet campaigns by governments and other organizations have helped popularize the ideas of recycling, protecting wildlife and reducing pollution.
Modern electronic communication now influences every aspect of our lives — it is a powerful tool that has raised some concerns for society. However, it has also brought countless benefits to society. At the end of the day, it can be used both for good or evil and ultimately relies on the morals and sense of responsibility of the individual or community involved. In short, it needs to be used with care.
1. What does the writer imply about life before the printing press?A.Population levels were lower. |
B.The general public had little power. |
C.People wanted to have more control over their lives. |
D.Countries were governed by poorly educated people. |
A.encouraged people to get an education |
B.sometimes failed to have the expected results |
C.motivated people to access as much information as possible |
D.been the driving force behind the development of mass media |
A.It can be comforting for some people. |
B.Virtual lives can stop people enjoying a real life. |
C.People have too many friends online to be of any value. |
D.Crime is a problem for people on social networking sites. |
A.It should be used wisely. |
B.It changes attitudes much too quickly. |
C.It is more powerful than many people believe. |
D.It should be better controlled by the government. |
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【推荐1】How do we take part in dinner party in foreign countries ? Have you ever experienced it ? I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, "I'm having a dinner party" means: " I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat." Worse, in Manhattan, there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don't drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: "Where are you going?" And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone knows I have nowhere to go.
But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York, the mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's a well-known department store.
For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York, people would think it was a usual new club.
1. What does the word "shot", in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Choice. | B.Try. | C.Style. | D.Goal. |
A.There is a strange mix of people. | B.The restaurants are expensive. |
C.The bill is not fairly shared. | D.People have to pay cash. |
A.Easy-going. | B.Self-centred. | C.Generous. | D.Conservative |
【推荐2】Resolving (解决) Conflict in Friendships
Conflict is surely a common problem in life and friendships.
Resolve it the day it happens. One rule my parents follow in their marriage is that they don’t go to bed angry with each other. They always attempt to resolve things the day it happens so that in the morning, it’s a fresh start with no past grudge (怨恨). I’ve found I need a short cool down period so that I don’t act in anger. For some, counting to one hundred before saying anything may be an option.
Initiate resolution.
Most importantly, be loving in what you do. Try to focus on peacefully resolving the disagreement. It is not a most pleasant task to resolve conflict in any friendship.
A.Focus on the bigger picture. |
B.Try to see the other person’s perspective. |
C.Whatever you do, don’t let things ride for too long. |
D.Be the first person in a fight to say sorry for your part. |
E.Offering a listening ear shows you value the friendship. |
F.Many shallow friendships end up being ruined after an argument. |
G.However, it is worth the efforts because it results in a deeper friendship. |
【推荐3】Only about 20% of U.S.adults say they have a best friend at work.Should the other 80% start looking for one?Yes and no.
But if becoming best friends with your coworkers feels too daunting (使人气馁的),or just not your style,you can still benefit from social support.When most people hear “social support”,they think of emotional support,like venting (发泄) to a coworker over coffee, Heaney says.
A.But it comes in many forms |
B.Research on the topic is clear |
C.The goal isn’t necessarily to make lifelong friends |
D.It’s easy to talk yourself out of making these gestures |
E.It s often considered equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day |
F.That could mean seeking input from people at all levels of the company |
G.There’s no doubt that social support in the workplace is important for your health |
【推荐1】In 2002, young Elon Musk tried unsuccessfully to buy Russian rockets to help him send mice to Mars and back. Afterwards, the young millionaire decided to build his own rockets.
Musk went to Southern California and started hiring people to help bring his dream to life. In a very short time, and despite some failures, his company SpaceX launched Falcon 1, the first successful privately-built liquid fuel rocket, into Earth's orbit in 2008.
As the first Falcon rocket began testing, development was already underway for the Falcon 9. This much larger rocket, which uses nine engines to lift heavy payloads (有效载 荷)into orbit, is engineered to return to Earth, ready to be reused for another flight.
For Musk, space is the final destination. To help people get there, his company Neuralink is developing devices that will link people's brains with computers. A similar device has been developed at the University of Utah. It consists of a chip (芯片)with 256 threads (线程)that is placed between a person's skin and brain. The threads attach directly to brain tissue (脑组织).Patients who have the device are able to use only their minds to communicate with one another through computers.
Neuralink's chips will have about 1,000 threads. A robot developed by the company will place up to ten chips under a person's skin. The chips will communicate without wires but with a tiny device that will be worn behind the person's ear. That device, in turn, will communicate with computers. The primary market for the technology will be for people that, because of injuries or birth defects, cannot control their hands and arms. With Neuralink^ product, they'll be able to mentally command a computer to type messages for them or carry out other tasks.
1. According to this article, what was the first Falcon 1 able to do?A.Launch big satellites. | B.Reach distant moons. |
C.Move around our planet. | D.Study the universe. |
A.How they'll be set up. | B.What safety features they'll have. |
C.How much money they'll earn. | D.Where they'll be produced. |
A.Those who own great wealth. |
B.Those who are physically disabled. |
C.Those who travel internationally. |
D.Those who do research on plants. |
A.The Journal of Environmental Studies. |
B.Advances in Business and Technology. |
C.Digest of Fashion and Entertainment News, |
D.Consumer's Guide to Outdoor Recreation. |
【推荐2】For many students, maths and science have always been boring subjects, too bogged down (陷入困境) with technical details to ever be fun or exciting. Teachers have long tried a variety of strategies to get students excited about STEM, which stands for science, technology, engineering and maths.
The use of robotics is on the rise in today’s world, and allowing students to play with robots and learn how they work can have huge benefits for them. Not only does it give them a head start in subjects like computer programming, maths and science, it can also develop an interest in careers students may have never considered before.
Robots Teach More Than Tech Skills
Robots are most often associated with technology and other STEM-related fields. However, playing with robots has educational benefits beyond simply learning to build and program the robots themselves. Robots can be used to develop problem-solving skills, get students working cooperatively and more.
One of the most popular uses for robots is in problem-based learning. In this learning model, students are presented with a problem they must solve.
Robots Help Students with Disabilities
Robots aren’t just for students who need a challenge.
Students with autism who may shy away from interaction with a human being are more likely to open up to a robot, and the risk of failure or embarrassment in front of the robot is much lower.
Robots are only going to become a bigger part of everyday life in the future. Using robots in the classroom is a proven way to get kids excited and increase learning.
A.It turns out, one of the best ways to get kids interested in STEM is through the use of robots. |
B.STEM is an education curriculum that focuses heavily on the subjects of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. |
C.Instead of following a teacher’s directions, students work out their own solutions to the problem. |
D.Here’s how applying modern technology can benefit students in PE class and enhance cross-curricular engagement. |
E.Robots can provide a way for students with autism to practice social skills without the pressure of interacting with a real person. |
F.Playing with robots can have additional benefits for students with disabilities. |
【推荐3】One rainy evening, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS. She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,” she said.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.
It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.
1. The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by ________.A.close hit | B.heavy loss | C.big mistake | D.narrow escape |
A.Modern technology is what we can’t live without. |
B.GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely’s accident. |
C.Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be. |
D.Digital technology often falls short of our expectation. |
A.one-sided | B.reasonable | C.puzzling | D.well-founded |
A.The shortcomings of digital devices we use. |
B.The human unawareness of technical problems. |
C.The relationship between human and technology. |
D.The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts. |