Scientists dug up human remains from the Stonehenge dating back to about 5,000 years ago. To our surprise, people journeyed far to get to the Wessex site. These men and women potentially played a huge role in the construction of Stonehenge.
The study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, reveals that a number of people buried at the Wessex monument originated from West Wales, which is also the source of the bluestones used in Stonehenge’s early construction.
According to a report from the University College London, scientists from Oxford and Belgium came together to analyze 25 of the burials dug in 2008. Many of them were buried around 3,000 BC, which is around the time when the bluestones were put up to form the Aubrey holes around Stonehenge. The famous stones weren’t built until 500 years later. The team used chemical isotope (同位素) analysis and radiocarbon dating (放射性碳年代测定法) the study and found out that at least 10 of the 25 individuals analyzed didn’t live near the Stonehenge site but in western Britain. This region includes West Wales, where the bluestones were sourced. Furthermore, the wood that was used to burn the bodies was also found to have come from different trees. Some of the pieces of trees come from trees in dense woodland, many of which are found in West Wales. Some of the individuals may have been cremated elsewhere before being buried in Stonehenge.
The researchers suggest that these prehistoric people may have been part of the sacred site’s early construction crew. They may have been the ones to transport the bluestone materials from the Preseli Mountains in West Wales. The findings are an interesting revelation, particularly since it means that there were significant interregional connections that existed as far back as 5,000 years ago. Even back then, in the Neolithic Period (新石器时代), human civilization had wide contacts and exchanges.
1. According to the text, some of the people buried at the Wessex monument came from .A.the Wessex site | B.West Wales |
C.dense woodland | D.the Stonehenge site |
A.The Aubrey holes formed before Stonehenge. |
B.The bodies were buried about 3000 years ago. |
C.The research objects mostly lived near the Stonehenge site. |
D.Stonehenge appeared around the Aubrey holes around 3000 BC. |
A.Hidden. | B.Covered. | C.Burned. | D.Displayed. |
A.To recall their past days. | B.To see the local king. |
C.To build Stonehenge. | D.To transport the bluestone materials. |
A.Human contacts and exchanges began even a long time ago. |
B.It is important to study the history of Stonehenge. |
C.Wessex used to be a powerful country in Europe. |
D.The early construction crew promoted interregional connections. |
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【推荐1】Zika virus. Malaria. West Nile virus. Dengue fever. Have you ever heard of these illnesses? If so, you likely know what they all have in common. These are a few of the diseases spread by one of the greatest pests known to humankind一the mosquito.
Much of the time, mosquito bites are just itchy. Nothing ruins a backyard barbecue faster than a mass of these bloodsucking insects. However, some mosquitoes carry viruses that cause deadly ilnesses. In fact, some experts say mosquitoes are a bigger threat to human life than any other organism.
Over the centuries, mosquitoes are thought to have caused the deaths of 52 billion people. That’s half the people who have ever lived on Earth! Even today, ilnesses spread by mosquitoes kill more people each year than war does.
It should be no surprise that many people would like to get rid of mosquitoes. What if we could wipe out the entire mosquito population? No more malaria. No more Zika. No more itchy bumps after a summer day spent outdoors. Doesn’t that sound great?
Not so fast. Sure, some species of mosquitoes harm humans. But others don’t pose any threat at al! In fact, some of these mosquitoes play important parts in their ecosystems. Let’s look at a few ways.
Many of our Wonder Friends already know that bees play an important part in pollination(授粉). It turns out, mosquitoes do, too! Most mosquitoes actually drink nectar( 花蜜) instead of blood. When they do so, they help pollinate the plants they feed on.
It’s also important to remember that even mosquitoes are part of an ecosystem. Without them, the food chain would be disturbed.
Adult mosquitoes are a food source for bats, birds, spiders, and small mammals. Without them, these animals would need to find something else to eat. Some experts even think mosquitoes could be used to help humans.
1. What do Zika virus, Malaria, West Nile virus, and Dengue fever have in common?A.They are all pests from the wild forest. | B.They can not be cured by human beings. |
C.They can all be spread by mosquitoes. | D.They are all caused by bacteria. |
A.Kill something completely. | B.Bring up in large numbers. |
C.Control something completely. | D.Rely on something completely. |
A.Positive. | B.Negative. | C.Critical. | D.Objective. |
A.How mosquitoes are harmful to human beings. |
B.How mosquitoes are helpful to human beings. |
C.How mosquitoes cause various ilness to mankind. |
D.How mosquitoes are eaten by small mammals. |
【推荐2】Parrots consistently top the charts of the world’s smartest animals. A new discovery published by the Royal Society Open Science reveals to us what sets the intelligent individual monk parakeet (和尚鹦鹉) apart in a group.
Previously, it was thought that these birds introduced themselves to others with a sort of “catchphrase” that distinguished their identity. However, after running the vocalizations (发声) collected in this study through a machine learning program, a team led by Simeon Smeele, a doctoral student at Aarhus University in Denmark, found that the birds actually had “voiceprints” like humans that identify themselves in the group.
The researchers studied thousands of monk parakeet vocalizations from hundreds of birds in Barcelona across two years and ran these recordings through the program that identifies small differences in their calls.
“The voiceprint is the underlying quality of a voice that you can recognize in humans, and this is the first time that has been shown in another vocal learner,” Smeele said. For example, the voiceprint of your father is how you know it’s his voice, even if he isn’t present. “This is what I think could explain how they recognize each other, because it can be stable over very long periods of time.” he added.
“This shows that these birds also have that sort of information that they might be using in their complicated social interactions,” said Emily Du Val, Ph.D., a behavioral ecologist at Florida State University. “Research into animal communication has the potential to motivate the public into action to conserve animals. Recognizing who each other is and understanding how they interact with one another are important for human life,” she said.
This model can potentially be applied to other animals with vocal recognition like bottlenose dolphins, bat s and elephants. Future research will look into whether these voiceprints are recognized by all parakeets in the community or only a circle of close relatives.
1. What helps the monk parakeets recognize each other?A.The catchphrase. | B.The intelligence. |
C.The voiceprint. | D.The communication. |
A.By combining “catchphrase” with “voiceprints”. |
B.By keeping track of the monk parakeets’ relatives. |
C.By collecting vocalizations and identifying their differences. |
D.By comparing humans’ voiceprints with monk parakeets’. |
A.The information that voiceprints can express. |
B.The potential influence that voiceprints can bring. |
C.The animals among which voiceprints are identified. |
D.The range where parakeets’ voiceprints are recognized. |
A.Mon k Parakeets Are Great Vocal Learners |
B.Mon k Parakeets Resemble Humans in Communication |
C.“Voiceprints” Are Found in Animals’ Social Interactions |
D.“Voiceprints” Help Monk Parakeets Identify Themselves |
【推荐3】The start of a new school year brings lots of changes. One is the need to wake up earlier. Depending on when school starts, getting up early can turn teens into “zombies(僵尸),” studies have shown. But when schools start later, teens get to class on time and find it easier to stay awake, a new study finds.
For years, researchers and doctors have pushed for later high school start times. Experts recommend kids and teens get an average of nine hours of sleep every day. As children reach their teen years, the clocks inside bodies that control their sleep timing naturally change. This makes it hard for them to fall asleep before 11:00p.m. So when they have to get up in time for an 8:00 a. m. class, they’re missing out on valuable sleep time.
Knowing this , schools in several places have begun to change their start times. Ressearchers have now begun looking at how this affects students. When all schools started early, many teens reported struggling to get enough sleep. After the change in start time, students in the late-start schools were less likely to oversleep. Compared to students at the early-start schools , they also were less likely to be late for class. Best of all, they reported felling less sleepy during the day. These changes reflected their getting more sleeping time. That much extra sleep on a daily basis seemed to have made a difference in these students’ lives. Researchers believe the extra sleep will make it easier for students to actively take part in school.
Sleep is truly important, even though we live in a culture that acts like it’s optional(可选择的). It’s easier to focus on school, be a good friend and do well in sports when you aren’t tired out.
1. Why does the author describe students as “zombies”?A.Students are inactive for lack of sleep. |
B.School education makes students stupid. |
C.Students aren’t interested in school at all. |
D.Teenagers are much quieter than before. |
A.A family rule. | B.A personal habit. |
C.A body characteristic. | D.An abnormal behavior. |
A.Students grow much stronger. |
B.Students become more active. |
C.Students go to bed much earlier. |
D.Students go to school at any time. |
A.School starting later makes students active. |
B.Zombie phenomenon appears in many schools. |
C.Teenagers should sleep nine hours every day. |
D.A law should be passed to improve students’ health. |
【推荐1】Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person’s health and happiness. Researchers have found that inadequate sleep and tiredness increase a person’s risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity, high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting enough sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.
Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worn devices (装置), which track a person’s physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and academic achievement.
While Gross’s data showed no relationship between these two factors (因素), the study found something surprising. As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and their results in the course’s 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.
Even more interesting, it was not enough for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, it’s the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.
The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher- performing student. “When you go to bed matters,” Gross says, “If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn’t everything. ”
Perhaps the most interesting was the huge effect that small differences in sleep patterns had on the students’ grades. The entire course grades for students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly, students who changed their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtimes.
Who knew getting A’s just required some extra sleep?
1. Based on his original goals, which best describes Professor Gross’s research findings?A.Complete. | B.Accidental. |
C.Convincing. | D.Doubtful. |
A.Making the students wear a special watch. |
B.Giving the students regular after-class quizzes. |
C.Using students’ university entrance test results. |
D.Using the students’ normal test and quiz grades. |
A.A person who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night. |
B.A person who sleeps from 11 p. m. to 6 a. m. each day. |
C.A person whose normal bedtime changes between 9 p. m. and 12 p. m. |
D.A person who has a good night’s sleep the night before an important test. |
【推荐2】Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history.
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger. Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more.
Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems.
For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers' stores of corn and grain were destroyed by mice. Why? Because hawks eat mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the mice multiplied quickly.
Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. However, only if everyone takes action, animals can be removed from the endangered list.
1. What is the theme for the text?A.Save the animals. | B.Useful animals. | C.Laws for animals. | D.Animals in danger. |
A.They give us a source of food. | B.They are beautiful and lovely. |
C.They keep the balance of nature. | D.They give us a lot of pleasure. |
A.Kinds. | B.Animals. | C.Resources. | D.Feathers. |
A.Being noticed by people all the time. | B.Helping decrease the hawk population. |
C.Many countries have passed laws. | D.More awareness should be raised. |
Grammarphobes, it's time to put your fears behind you. Grammar isn't that dreadful (可怕的). Here's why.
Let's assume you like hearing and telling stories and that you enjoy joking with friends. You probably also like emailing and instantmessaging. Well, what do you think makes all these possible? Grammar!
Grammar is simply the art of putting words together to make sentences. Whenever you use words to express yourself, you're using grammar. You do this all the time without even thinking.
So why think about it? Because good grammar helps you convey the ideas you intend. If your words aren't right, or if they are not in the right order, the person you are talking to might get the wrong idea. This can have embarrassing results.
Grammar helps us understand each other. It's like a manual (手册) for assembling the words in your head. You have to put your words together the right way if you want them to make sense. They can't do what you want if they aren't put together correctly.
What if everybody you know had a different manual? How would you agree on what others' words mean? People with different grammar manuals might be speaking different languages.
Communicating is similar to playing cards. To make sense, we have to play the same game, by the same rules. What are the rules for playing the game of English? You already know most of them without having to open a book.
1. Grammarphobes refer to people who ________.
A.consider grammar to be boring |
B.are afraid of making grammar mistakes |
C.mind grammar too much in writing |
D.are worried about grammar homework |
A.directing | B.remembering |
C.looking for | D.bringing together |
A.Both can be learned easily. |
B.Both can be interesting games. |
C.Both need standards. |
D.Both can make sense for our life. |
A.Grammar is not horrible. |
B.Forgetting grammar when writing. |
C.Improving grammar through writing. |
D.What is grammarphobia? |
【推荐1】In our daily life, many of us feel stressed more or less. Some like this pressure and work better because of it. Others are not comfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stressed. Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they wouldn’t usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs. Stress, however, is a very normal part of life.
It is important to understand that stress doesn’t come from an event itself, that is, from the things that are happening in our lives. It comes from the meaning we give to what has happened. For example, a crying baby may be stressful to one person, but it may not bother another person at all; a traffic jam may be stressful to one person while another person may be able to stay calm.
We can experience stress any time we feel we don’t have control. It can come from a feeling that we can’t do anything about a situation. Basically, it is the body’s way of showing anxiety or worry.
Stress is not just caused by our mental or emotional condition. It is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercise, and whether we can relax.
The key point of relieving the stress is that we need to find what is causing the stress in our lives. Once we have found it, we should try to change that part of our lives. If we believe that we can control stress, we can begin to control our lives. Then we can start to use stress in a positive way.
1. According to the text, ________ can cause stress.A.overeat | B.smoke |
C.a traffic jam | D.a hard test |
A.explain that stress is everywhere |
B.tell different people react to stress differently |
C.help people learn that stress comes from an event |
D.give the definition of stress |
A.Finding the cause and making changes. |
B.Controlling the emotions. |
C.Having enough sleep. |
D.Taking some drugs. |
A.if someone has stress he will do something wrong unavoidably |
B.anyone can experience stress when he is out of control |
C.one will feel no stress at all if he gets enough physical exercise |
D.one is sure to work better because of the stress |
【推荐2】Scientists from around the world examined whether supplements marketed are good for brain health, particularly in those aged over 50. Despite the claims of some supplements that they could improve cognitive (认知的)skills, no clear evidence was found to back this up.
The report said, "For the handful that have been researched, several well-designed studies of supplements for brain health found no benefit in people with normal nutrient levels. It's unclear whether people who lack nutrition can benefit their brains by taking a supplement. The pills failed to protect against dementia (痴呆)and did not slow the process or improve the symptoms of the disease and the report said that a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, being physically active and getting sufficient sleep were linked to better brain function. ”
The value of the food supplement market in Britain is expected to reach more than £1 billion by 2012 and supplements sold on the high street for brain performance cost up to £26 for 60 pills. And Caroline Abrahams, the charity director at Age UK said that people were better off spending money to improve diets.
The report did find evidence suggesting that supplements could benefit people diagnosed with lacking vitamin. It added that these should only be taken if advised by a doctor because some supplements could interact with medicines or contain high levels of nutrients, which could be deadly. Supplements were not strictly controlled in the way that medicines were and may not contain high-quality ingredients or what was on the label, the report said.
The Health Food Manufacturers' Association, which represents the British supplement industry, said that the report was based on the American market. In Britain products could only make claims approved by the European Food Safety Authority, such as the zinc (锌)contributed to normal cognitive functions, a spokesman said.
1. What is the finding of the scientists about the supplements?A.They bring about no positive effect. | B.They break the balance of normal life. |
C.They get people to get addicted to them. | D.They are hardly suitable for the younger. |
A.be aware of their needs clearly | B.change their daily diets regularly |
C.take control of the market strictly | D.make use of their money properly |
A.Follow professional suggestions. |
B.Be sure of the vitamins they lack. |
C.Refer to the instructions of the labels. |
D.Avoid taking together with other medicines. |
A.Annoying. | B.Unacceptable. |
C.Worrying. | D.Favorable. |
【推荐3】The 90-minute documentary,Amazing China,is coproduced by China Central Television and China Film Corp.The film focuses on the major achievements the country has made since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012.
Wei Tie,the director,says,"The film arouses Chinese pride from deep inside."
The documentary focuses on key Chinese projects in aerospace,high-speed rail,the Hong Kong-zhuhai-macao Bridge and the world's largest single-dish telescope FAST.
The documentary also tells viewers that seven of the world's 10 biggest sea ports are now in China.And the country now has the longest high-speed rail network in the world.
The film helps people to know our country better.The moving stories behind the Chinese wonders reflect the people's spirit of struggle.
A good documentary is usually a vivid impression of a single person's stories rather than slogans,and Amazing China is no exception.
One of the most touching moments in the film is from an interview of Nan Rendong,often called the"father of FAST".Sadly,after more than 20 years of working at the site,the chief scientist and engineer of the project passed away last year due to lung cancer.
The film is a salute to many other heroes like Nan Rendong,supporting the country's progress in science.Amazing China also focuses on common people.It shows that their work is not easy,but their spirit makes it possible to achieve their targets.And they are just representatives of the many Chinese who work hard.
China is the world's second-largest economy.The documentary is a good way for the country to build up self-confidence and to look to a brighter future.
1. According to Wei Tie,what does Amazing China do to Chinese?A.It makes the people know more about the world's aerospace. |
B.It stresses the major transportations of China in recent years. |
C.It makes the people feel proud of the major achievements of China. |
D.It shows to the people the production of Chinese scientists. |
A.To introduce who Nan Rendong is. |
B.To tell readers about the slogan of the film. |
C.To make the sad news known to readers. |
D.To give an example of a vivid image. |
A.They take easy work. |
B.They work in high spirits. |
C.They can tell moving stories. |
D.They represent self-confident people. |
A.An amazing documentary. |
B.Progress in science. |
C.The bright future of high-speed rail. |
D.The success of some engineers. |
【推荐1】There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities (复杂性) of spelling. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content (内容) rather than spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focus of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a piece of writing about a personal experience. “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling mistakes and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp comment on the pupil’s spelling in writing, but it was also a sad sign that the teacher had failed to read the composition, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the mistakes, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the spelling would have given the pupil more encouragement to seek improvement.
1. Teachers are different in their opinions about ________.A.the difficulties in teaching spelling |
B.the complexities of the basic writing skills |
C.the role of spelling in general language development and writing ability |
D.the necessity of teaching spelling |
A.fair | B.unreasonable |
C.amusing | D.careless |
A.The importance of developing writing skills. |
B.The complexities of spelling. |
C.The relationship between spelling and the content of a composition. |
D.The correct way of marking compositions. |
【推荐2】Personal safety is more than just avoiding dark streets at night. Having one of these gadgets at hand will help keep you out of harm’s way.
Heart Trinket Alarm
$9.99, from www. safe-girl. co. uk
It appears to be a shiny heart. However, inside the shell lies an alarm. If you feel threatened, pull the chain and instantly draw attention thanks to the warning sounds it sends out. Hang it from a bag, or use it as a key ring so it’s close to hand. Powered by two LR44 batteries, it has an “on-off” switch. Moreover, it’s not ugly, so fashion-conscious teens will be happy to use it.
Swam OM-DOORST Doorstop Intruder Alarm
$3.99, from www. maplin. co. uk
If you feel nervous about staying at home alone or arriving at a hotel and are concerned about safety, this device can help. Put the doorstop as close as possible to the closed internal door. Then if someone tries to force his way into the room, the door will push against the gadget and it will sound an alarm. It requires a DC 9V battery that isn’t included.
Walking Stick With Built-in Alarm & Light
$24.99, from www. betterlife. co. uk
This walking stick is height-adjustable and it’s foldable (可折叠的). In addition to aiding you in walking, it comes with several extras. For example, you’ll find a flashlight at the front of the stick — great if it’s dark and you want to see clearly. There’s also an alarm function — just press the button on the side if you want to draw attention.
WD My Passport Ultra
$49.99, from www. westerndigital. com
This device will help keep your documents safe. You can easily set passwords so others can’t access it. Even if it ends up in the wrong hands, they won’t be able to view what’s in the device. You can also back up your files. It transfers files quickly due to the USB3.0 port and is available with 1-3TB capacity (容量).
1. What should we do in order to sound the Heart Trinket Alarm?A.Insert its key. |
B.Pull its chain. |
C.Push against it. |
D.Press its button. |
A.www. maplin. co. uk. |
B.www. safe-girl. co. uk. |
C.www. betterlife. co. uk. |
D.www. westerndigital. com. |
A.It appears to fashion-conscious teens. |
B.It is powered by two batteries. |
C.It is intended for the old. |
D.It’s a space saver. |
A.$3.99 | B.$9.99 |
C.$24.99 | D.$49.99 |
【推荐3】Paris is the city of dreams, the city of love. If you are thinking of heading to Paris for a study period, then perhaps a little reality check is in order. But my experience was a romantic one.
I paved my path to Paris through an exchange program. On arrival in Paris, I was constantly reminded of the official processes I was required to complete — forms to be filled in, meetings to attend, the list seemed endless. Perhaps it was due to my well organizational habit,but somehow this endless list of todo’s was completed in little more than a week.
Then the real work began. Once classes were underway, I found myself volunteering to do oral presentations and assignments first, rather than last. This method proved to be very helpful.
Once I had finished class for the week, I had an ever-increasing list of museums to visit, neighborhoods to explore, and cafes to sit in and parks to run around. Read as many books about Paris as you can. Talk to as many locals and other foreigners living there as you can. But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is to provide you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot. I discovered some of my favorite places in Paris by wandering. The people watching, the sounds of the city, the colors as the seasons change, they all add to the ecstasy that I experienced in Paris as an exchange student.
After spending five months wandering through the charming neighborhoods, I fell in love with the atmosphere that came out from every open door, and with every spoken word. There is something comforting about walking to the market each Sunday to be faced with the beautiful display of fruits, vegetables and dairy products. There is warmth in saying bonjour to the passers-by.
On my last day in Paris, I confidently said, “Bonjour Monsieur,” as I passed the little store down the street. I guess no matter how hard I tried I was always going to be an outsider,a tourist. The best part about going on exchange in Paris is falling in love with the city in your own way. Everyone’s experience of Paris is different. I know mine is unique and special to me, my own little pieces of Paris.
1. What does the underlined word “ecstasy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Courage. | B.Imagination. | C.Happiness. | D.Adventure. |
A.An exchange student’s life. | B.Studying in Pairs |
C.An exchange program. | D.A traveling experience. |
A.Enjoying coffee in his spare time. | B.Greeting people in French in the street. |
C.Buying vegetables in the market. | D.Hanging around in Paris. |
A.The friendly people he met in Paris. |
B.The special culture he experienced in the city. |
C.The academic achievement he made in his study. |
D.The presentations and assignments he did in class. |