Computers are very important to modern life.Many people think that in the future computers will be used in lots of situations of everyday life.It is thought that we won't have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet.I here will be fewer books because we will be able to get all texts from computers.The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food most telephone calls will be made by computers, too.
Some people are glad about these new ways of shopping and communicating.Others do not think that computers will substitute our old ways.
Let us look at books, for example.Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper.Instead, we will buy and read books using computers.We will read texts on small pocket computers.The computers will keep many different books in them at the same time.We will not need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved.Computerized books will be used more and more.
Is Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the shop? Many people say it is not.It is a pleasure to go into stores and look at things you want to buy.It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers because paper books will perhaps be friendlier.Maybe computers will not change these two habits.
1. In which of the following situations will computers not be used?| A．Playing games. | B．Going shopping. |
| C．Making telephone calls. | D．Seeing the doctor. |
| A．Keep. | B．Replace. |
| C．Use. | D．Change. |
| A．Because they wont be very expensive. |
| B．Because they won't make people tired. |
| C．Because they will help save paper. |
| D．Because they will make people read more. |
| A．How Will Computers Change Our Habit. |
| B．Shops and Books Will Disappear. |
| C．Computers Will Do Everything for Men. |
| D．Computers and People's Ways of Life. |
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【推荐1】The physiological (生理的) processes associated with a psychological stress response produce changes in human breath and sweat that dogs can detect with an accuracy of 93. 75%, according to a new study published this week in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Clara Wilson of Queen’s University Belfast, UK, and colleagues.
In the new study, the researchers collected samples ( 样 本 ) of breath and sweat from non-smokers who had not recently eaten or drunk. Samples were collected both before and after a fast-paced maths task, along with self. reported stress levels and objective physiological measures: heart rate (HR)and blood pressure (BP). Samples from 36 participants who reported an increase in stress because of the task, and experienced an increase in HR and BP during the task, were shown to dogs within three hours of being collected.
Four dogs of different kinds had been taught by researchers to match smells in a discrimination task. Then at testing, dogs were asked to find the participant’s stress sample (taken at the end of the task) while the same person’s relaxed sample (taken only minutes before, prior to the task starting) was also in the sample group.
Overall, dogs could detect and perform their alert (警觉的) behavior on the sample taken during stress in 675 out of 720 trials, or 93. 75% of the time, much greater than expected by chance. The first time they were exposed to a participant’s stressed and relaxed samples, the dogs correctly alerted to the stress sample 94. 44% of the time. Individual dogs ranged in performance from 90% to 96. 88% accuracy.
Clara Wilson, the lead study author, explains, “The findings show that we, as humans, produce different smells through our sweat and breath when we are stressed and dogs can tell this apart from our smells when relaxed using what they do best— smelling— even if it is someone they do not know. ”The study made us more aware of a dog’s ability to use their nose to “see” the world, which could be useful when training service dogs and therapy dogs.
1. What can we learn about the participants in the new study?| A．They are nondrinkers. |
| B．They are nonsmokers. |
| C．They suffer from high blood pressure. |
| D．They think a lot about the pressures of life. |
| A．They fed them. | B．They named them |
| C．They trained them. | D．They measured them. |
| A．Dogs can pick up on human emotions. |
| B．Dogs can’t detect humans’ stress levels. |
| C．Dogs can tell our stress from our smells. |
| D．Dogs can perform visual discrimination tasks. |
| A．Science. | B．Entertainment. | C．Education. | D．Health. |
【推荐2】What if your smartphone or laptop starts charging as soon as you walk in the door? Scientists have developed a specially-built room that can conduct energy to a variety of electronic devices within it without plugs or batteries.
It’s a custom test room of about 18 m3, built from conductive aluminum panels (铝板) with a metal pole running down the middle. When the scientists ran an electric current through the walls and pole following a set pattern, it produced two separate magnetic (磁的) fields: one that fills the center of the room and the other that covers the corners, thus allowing any devices within the space to charge.
By carrying out tests, scientists found their method could deliver 50 watts of power throughout the room, firing up all devices they tested. Without safeguards, running currents through the room’s metal walls would typically fill it with two types of waves: electric and magnetic. This presents a problem, because electric fields can produce heat in biological tissues and pose a danger to humans. So the team built capacitors, devices that store electric energy, in the walls. “It limits the safe magnetic fields to the room volume (室容积) while limiting risky parts to all the components built in the walls.” lead author Takuya Sasatani explains.
The scientists also tested the room’s safety, and the result showed the absorption of energy would remain well below acceptable limits. “We’re not saying this technology is safe under all circumstances — we’re still exploring,” says study co-author Alanson Sample. “But it shows us that there’s still much area to explore.”
But applying the technology is still far in the future. “It’s just too troublesome to put aluminum sheets all over the wall — that benefit doesn’t make sense yet,” Sample says. “We’ve just developed a brand-new technique. Now we have to figure out how to make it practical.” He plans to continue researching whether coating existing rooms with conductive material could enable the construction of wireless-charging rooms in line with building standards. Meanwhile, scientists hope to improve the efficiency of power conduction in the room and remove spots that the charge does not reach.
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?| A．What the room looks like. | B．How electric currents are generated. |
| C．How the special room works. | D．What the technology was developed for. |
| A．Produce electric power. | B．Measure magnetic field. |
| C．Prevent devices from heating. | D．Shelter people from harm. |
| A．Unconcerned. | B．Cautious. | C．Doubtful. | D．Content. |
| A．The cost. | B．The safety. | C．The efficiency. | D．The material. |
Each Solar Road Panel measures roughly 4 meters by 4 meters and contains a microprocessor (微处理器) that monitors and controls the panel, while communicating with neighboring panels and the vehicles traveling overhead. The inventors suggest that this provides a communications device every 4 meters on every road which could be used for example to warn drivers of cars which are moving across a centre line and various other speed control problems. The top of the Solar Road panels is made of super-strong glass that would offer vehicles the tractions (抓地力)
According to the inventors, the Solar Roadway creates and carries clean renewable electricity and therefore electric vehicles can be recharged at any conveniently located rest stop, or at any business that has paved Solar Road Panels in their parking lots.
The inventors say their Solar Roadway has many functions and advantages from main roads to driveways, parking lots, bike paths, sidewalks and runways. The Federal Highway Administration has given Brusaw ＄100,000 to develop the invention and Brusaw hopes to build a smart-road parking lot in the coming spring .
1. In the inventors’ opinion, the Solar Roadway ___________________________ .
| A．is too expensive to build at present |
| B．costs no more money than current roads |
| C．can provide as many data as present computers |
| D．will bring them a large sum of money |
| A．the panels | B．the inventors |
| C．the researchers | D．the vehicles |
| A．the Solar Roadway has already been put into use |
| B．＄100,000 is only enough to build a smart-road parking lot |
| C．the Solar Roadway is not available for gas-powered cars |
| D．future electric vehicles can be charged anytime and anywhere |
| A．Solar-powered smart road of the future |
| B．The great changes on the roadway |
| C．The influence the Solar Roadway has on people |
| D．The Solar Road—a much faster road |
【推荐1】The Great Salt Lake, America’s largest natural lake west of the Mississippi River, has reached its lowest levels in recorded history. Officials in Utah say the state needs to take serious measures to prevent further drops in lake levels.
The current state of the Great Salt Lake follows serious dry conditions affecting Utah and other western states. Water has also been taken from the lake to supply homes and crops in Utah, one of the nation’s fastest growing states. Utah is also one of the driest American states, but has high water usage rates.
The serious drop in lake levels has raised concerns in the state about harmful dust, environmental damage and economic problems. Further water loss is expected to present serious risks to millions of migrating (迁徙) birds. It could also hurt a lake-based economy expected to be worth$1.3 billion. Economic activities include the production of minerals and brine shrimp (虾) and tourism. Health experts also fear that a dry lakebed could send poisonous dust into the air that millions of people breathe.
One proposal would seek to limit water use in homes and businesses. Another would pay farmers for sharing their water. A third would direct money from mineral production activities to programs aimed at improving the lake.
Zach Frankel is director of the nonprofit Utah Rivers Council. He says he thinks major action is needed in order to save the Great Salt Lake. “It’s not going to do it with baby steps. These are tiny baby steps that should have been taken 20 years ago,” Frankel said.
If the water levels continue to drop, the lake could get too salty for the microorganisms to survive. This has already happened in the bright pink waters of the lake’s northern arm.
Vanden Berg is still hopeful about the southern arm, where a part of the microorganisms did survive last year’s lake drop.” It’s bad but not hopeless yet,” he said, “There is still time to fix and improve the situation.”
1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?| A．The harm the lake water loss could do to wildlife. |
| B．The reason for the lake water loss. |
| C．The bad effects the lake water loss could bring. |
| D．The measures to prevent water loss. |
| A．It is too late to protect the lake. |
| B．Small actions are not enough. |
| C．Action should be taken bit by bit. |
| D．The government hasn’t realized its importance. |
| A．Better late than never. | B．All roads lead to Rome. |
| C．No pain, no gain. | D．Where there is a will, there is a way. |
| A．Drought Has Reduced Lake Water in the U.S. |
| B．Climate Change Affects People Living Round Lakes |
| C．Protecting the Great Salt Lake Is Necessary for Neighborhood |
| D．Officials Consider Measures to Save the Great Salt Lake |
【推荐2】It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t. It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs. But this isn’t accepted by all people.
Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education. In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school. People can get education for a living in a short time. Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone. Even languages and mathematics need not be taught in detail, either. Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.
Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements of humans. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays, and most of all, take an interest in the world.
I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.
1. People with little education usually ________ .| A．spend a long time in school |
| B．have a good chance to get a job |
| C．spend the best years to choose jobs |
| D．have fewer chances to get a good job |
| A．make a man lead a better life |
| B．teach a man to write and think |
| C．make people get a way of living |
| D．teach people to read good books |
| A．accept education as a way of living |
| B．take an interest in the whole world |
| C．develop their abilities to make plays |
| D．learn subjects like languages and maths |
| A．education should make a man improve |
| B．people can get education in a short time |
| C．people should be able to get better paying jobs |
| D．all subjects are so important for a way of living |
【推荐3】If there is one thing we can conclusively say about Isaac Asimov, it’s that he could write. His body of work extends to over 500 books. To add to that, he was never bound to a specific field. Although most famous as a science fiction writer, he also published on many more topics.
Part of this related to his gifted mind, but a bigger part was that he was well-educated. Many tend to think of being educated as the degrees we earn. Asimov did have a good degree, but his real education was broader than that. It was deeper than what he learned from instruction. It was his curiosity and his drive to push himself that took him from a young immigrant to maybe one of the most beloved US authors. As a young kid, he spent his days lost in his mind asking questions and creating imaginary worlds. He read books, and he loved knowledge.
In his autobiography (自传) It’s Been a Good Life, Asimov tells a story about an encounter he had as a child when his father asked him a question: “How did you learn all this, Isaac?” “From you, Pappa,” Asimov said. “From me? I don’t know any of this.” “You didn’t have to, Pappa,” He said. “You valued learning and you taught me to value it. Once I learned to value it, the rest came without trouble.” The mark of educated minds has nothing to do with how much they know. It has everything to do with the way they know and the way they go about knowing.
Also, one thing that many people don’t know about Isaac Asimov is that he actually wasn’t a full-time writer for most of his life. By personal choice, his day-job was as a chemist. One of the things that many polymaths (博学者) naturally do is explore a broad range of non-fiction topics. But something they tend to overlook is the knowledge they can obtain from fiction. Before Asimov fell in love with science, he was already attracted by fiction. It was his love of Greek myth and his reading of 18th and 19th-century classics that led him to become a great writer.
1. According to the passage, Isaac Asimov is a ____________.| A．beloved US chemist | B．full-time fiction author |
| C．productive sci-fi writer | D．knowledgeable educator |
| A．loved teaching Asimov knowledge | B．explored unknown fields with Asimov |
| C．rescued Asimov from trouble | D．taught Asimov to value learning |
| A．A good degree reflects one’s real education level. |
| B．Polymaths tend to look down upon Greek myth. |
| C．The way to learn is more important than knowledge itself. |
| D．Non-fiction is not worth reading if one is to become a writer. |
| A．To analyze the reasons behind Asimov’s success as a writer. |
| B．To introduce Asimov’s childhood and his achievements. |
| C．To emphasize the contributions Asimov has made. |
| D．To call on the readers to buy Asimov’s books. |
【推荐1】Journey to the West
If you have a dream, go for it.
My dad talked of the jewel in China’s western part, Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibet was a region I wanted to see and discover but its remoteness and my inability to find the right time to go delayed my journey. After a few talks with my dad, we decided to take a pause in our lives for a few weeks in July 2019 to start an amazing adventure.
We started our journey on a Saturday morning at the Guangzhou train station in south China. We started the first leg of the journey admiring the mysterious mountains of south China. The next day it changed quite suddenly to the dry, waterless landscape of central-west China as we passed through Shanxi and Gansu provinces. That evening we arrived at Xining, Qinghai Province, where we got onto the Xining-Lhasa train.
We were greeted on the train with Tibetan yogurt. The train signs were also written in Tibetan, the beautiful handwriting matched its environment and people. The following afternoon we arrived in Lhasa. Lhasa, one of the highest-altitude cities in the world, is a gem hidden on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We started our tour of the jewel by exploring the palace and watching local people do morning prays and dances in the park. Overlooking the Jokhang Temple, we enjoyed an amazingly beautiful breathtaking view, just like we had been in the fairyland. It’s a stunning (令人震惊的) golden temple in the middle of old Lhasa, which we visited next before wandering in the old quarters and Barkhor Street in the evening. Barkhor Street is the ideal place to try local food and buy local products.
The following day, we started our journey to the Qomolangma base camp by road from Lhasa. Along the way we stopped to admire the beautiful Yamdrok Lake, a huge freshwater lake that is one of the three largest sacred lakes (圣湖) in Tibet. Yaks (牦牛) in blankets and bells at the lake made for a picturesque impression of perfect countryside Tibet.
About a week later, the highlight came in the afternoon when we arrived at the Qomolangma base camp. We were staying in a guesthouse just next to the base camp. After dropping off our backpacks, we headed straight outside to see the magnificent Mt Qomolangma. There it was, the top of the mountain peeking through the clouds, astonishing us with its unbelievable height. We enjoyed the mountain waves and saw the beautiful clouds separated until the sunset over the peak, feeling I would have regretted for the rest of my life if I hadn’t made the journey.
1. The author wanted to go to Tibet Autonomous Region because _____.| A．his father wanted him to travel there |
| B．his father thought it was worth visiting |
| C．he was interested in the mysterious place |
| D．he wanted to go to the farthest place of China |
| A．Jokhang Temple | B．Barkhor Street |
| C．Yamdrok Lake | D．Mt Qomolangma |
| A．smart genius | B．precious stone |
| C．unique temple | D．beautiful grassland |
| A．beautiful views are worth the risk you take |
| B．if you have a dream, you should try to make it happen |
| C．you can finally achieve your dream if you put your heart on it |
| D．traveling ten thousand miles is better than reading ten thousand books |
【推荐2】For most people, below-freezing temperatures generally put a stop to outdoor exercise, but Siberian native Boris Fyodorov is not most people.
Minutes after the calendar ticked over to this past 2014 New Year’s Eve, Fyodorov set off on a solo, out-and-back marathon run from his home in the Siberian village of Oymyakon, completing the 26.2-mile course — his first marathon — in just over five hours. During the run he experienced temperatures as low as -38℃. And that was just the way he wanted it.
“I heard about other marathons around the globe, naming themselves ‘the coldest’, like the most recent North Pole marathon with runners going at -28℃.” Fyodorov told the Siberian Times. “I thought surely this cannot be right. Our Oymyakon is the coldest inhabited place in northern hemisphere (半球). Why don’t we arrange a marathon here?”
Oymyakon is widely considered to be one of the coldest places on the planet, and its record — low temperature of -68℃, recorded in 1933, is tied for the coldest recorded temperature for any inhabited place on Earth. The average January temperature in the area is -50℃.
Not only did Fyodorov finish the marathon in high spirits, but he also wants it to be colder the next time he tries it. “I really want to organize the next Oymyakon marathon in January when the air goes down to -50℃ or -60℃.” he said.
Fyodorov is not the first person to take on a cold-weather athletic challenge like this. In addition to the North Pole Marathon, taking runners on an out-and-back tour from Russia’s Bellingshausen Station, the Antarctica Marathon is held every year in late February. A second Antarctica event — the Ice Marathon — has been held at -80F degrees south since 2006.
1. What’s the best title of the passage?| A．Sports in cold areas of the world |
| B．Freezing cold is not too cold for an ice runner |
| C．The North Pole Marathon |
| D．The Antarctic Ice Marathon |
| A．It is not cold enough. | B．The distance is a little shorter. |
| C．The runners are too slow. | D．It sets a new world record of marathon. |
| A．Because Fyodorov is more popular in Oymyakon. |
| B．Because Fyodorov loves Oymyakon and plans to live there. |
| C．Because Oymyakon is one of the coldest places in the world. |
| D．Because Oymyakon has the best route for a marathon. |
| A．the North Pole Marathon is held in Russia every year |
| B．the Ice Marathon is the biggest marathon in the world |
| C．Fyodorov is planning an Antarctica Marathon |
| D．similar marathons have taken place in cold parts of the world |
【推荐3】Volunteer and Make a Difference
There are a variety of volunteer opportunities in our four programs so that we can make it possible to fit your schedule. Current volunteer opportunities:
After School Games Room and Gym Activities
With the guidance of adult volunteers, kids will be able to learn sportsmanship and gain important, necessary and positive role models. One-on-one interaction between youth and adults is an essential building block for personality development.
Education Center and Computers
Volunteers are needed to help give kids the support they need in completing homework assignments. Adult tutors are also needed to help kids build their skills in particular areas such as reading or math. Activities include homework assistance, tutoring, story telling, word processing and internet research.
Coaching
Coaching takes a special person who cares about youth and who can model teamwork, sports and the joy of being involved in a healthy activity. At the same time, the coaches should help keep the kids safe when they take part in the activities. Sports needing coaches include football, baseball, volleyball and basket ball.
Administrative (行政) Support
Volunteers in this work are in charge of routine administrative tasks and special events. Volunteers also need to help collect money for the program and make sure the safety of kids. It is not easy, but the feeling of helping kids in person is fantastic.
1. Which program provides character training?| A．Coaching. | B．Administrative Support. |
| C．Education Center and Computers. | D．After School Games Room and Gym Activities. |
| A．Helping kids win the baseball game. | B．Helping kids gain positive role models. |
| C．Helping kids build the reading skills. | D．Helping kids retell stories. |
| A．Collecting money for the program. | B．Paying attention to the kids’ safety. |
| C．Stressing teamwork and sportsmanship. | D．Dealing with daily tasks and special events. |
【推荐1】A recent study by a team of researchers from Canada has uncovered that birds living in cities are not just better at problem solving and more skilled in tasks than those in the countryside: they also have stronger immune（有免疫力的）systems !
The research, headed by Audet, a Ph. D. student at a university, examined the cognitive （认知的）abilities of city birds with those of their country cousins. The team did their study in Barbados because it needs a broad range of situations: from crowded modern cities to the countryside. They began by catching some birds from various parts of the Caribbean Island. The birds were then given several tasks. Some tested their associative learning skills while others were to observe how creative they were at problem-solving. While country birds are also much braver, the city birds appeared to be more careful when facing unfamiliar things.
The results did not surprise the researchers. After all, birds living in cities and towns face many more challenges and dangers than those that live in the country. But as it turns out, the city birds proved to have better immunity and are therefore more resistant （抵抗的）to diseases than those living in the countryside. While additional studies need to be done to see if this is true for all city birds, there is no reason to believe that the results would be any different.
Though this is the first time researchers have compared the cognitive abilities of birds living in different conditions, it is not the first study to examine the differences between city and country birds. Previous research has shown that blackbirds in cites are similarly more careful than country blackbirds, and that sparrows and blackbirds living in cities sing at a higher frequency to be heard over city noise and to make up for sound distortions（失真）caused by tall buildings. If only birds knew the advantages of living among humans, maybe more would move to cities!
1. How are city birds different from country birds according to the research?| A．City birds have a weaker immune system because of air pollution. |
| B．City birds are braver when facing unfamiliar things or situations. |
| C．Country birds are less skilled at jobs requiring creation and skills. |
| D．Country birds have a wider range of challenges to survive. |
| A．Country birds can be taught the advantage of living in cities. |
| B．City birds are more resistant to diseases than country birds. |
| C．City birds are more likely to get sick than country birds. |
| D．Country birds are more careful in dangerous situations. |
| A．There're more dangers in cities for them. |
| B．The birds live far away from each other. |
| C．There are a wider range of situations. |
| D．There's too much noise in the city. |
| A．Research into birds' immune system and learning power. |
| B．City birds are smarter and healthier than country birds. |
| C．What a PhD. student has done has surprised the world. |
| D．The necessity and ways to move country birds to cities. |
【推荐2】Roads have existed from ancient times. Could you imagine how difficult travel would be if we didn’t have them? Now, bees in England will soon have roads of their own so they can safely find the right direction.
That’s because without our intervention(干预), 40-70 percent of our bees and other pollinators(传粉昆虫) will become extinct, according to the non-profit Buglife, unless action is taken that will allow species to move easily through the landscape. Today, wildlife is contained in small pieces of habitat that will now be linked by using B-Lines.
The B-Lines are part of an online map that identifies routes that can be turned into pollinator highways.
The plan started by Buglife is looking to restore at least 370, 658 acres of habitat across the UK.
The organization said on its website, “B-Lines have been mapped across England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and large areas of Scotland. Along with conservation partners, land managers, businesses and local authorities, we are helping to fill the mapped places with restored and new wildflower-rich areas.”
Planting wildflowers is really vital to the survival of the pollinators. According to Positive News England alone has lost over 97 percent of its wildflowers since World War II and this loss of habitat has been disastrous for species like bees and butterflies.
A complete England B-Lines network is a real landmark step in our task of turning around the decrease of insects and lending a helping hand to our struggling pollinators, said Catherine Jones, pollinator officer at Buglife.
Buglife identified ways that people can help pollinators. The ways include: growing more flowers and trees; letting your garden go wild; cutting your grass more infrequently; leaving insect nests alone; being careful to use chemicals that are safe for pollinators.
Every action for pollinators, no matter how big or small, can contribute to the B-Lines network and a secure future of pollinators,” according to the non-profit.
1. Why is the plan called B-Lines being carried out?| A．To make bee roads more beautiful. |
| B．To stop bees flying into human areas. |
| C．To save some pollinators from dying out. |
| D．To replace the roads existing from ancient times. |
| A．They will attract many tourists. |
| B．They will be full of wildflowers. |
| C．They will help people remember history. |
| D．They will keep the traffic running smoothly. |
| A．Give up using any chemicals. |
| B．Plant more flowers than trees. |
| C．Avoid destroying insect nests. |
| D．Cut grass as often as possible. |
| A．Take action immediately to protect wildlife |
| B．House lost pollinators in your garden |
| C．Learn about Buglife and join it |
| D．Build special highways for bees |
【推荐3】What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix certain things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft, which connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.
How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟视镜). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.
1. What can an astronaut do by going on a spacewalk?| A．Fix different objects. | B．Collect any things he wants. |
| C．Carry out an experiment. | D．Study how things changes in space. |
| A．Special ropes. | B．Spacesuits. |
| C．Spacecraft. | D．Special backpacks. |
| A．Walking in space is as easy as going swimming. | B．A virtual reality should be used in a spacewalk. |
| C．Only three countries have ever tried spacewalks. | D．Russia keeps the world record of spacewalks. |
| A．A diary. | B．A magazine. | C．A novel. | D．A guidebook. |
