It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on sleep can lead to obesity(肥胖) and even cancer. You might even find yourself with a head full of false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.
In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, researchers researched the sleep patterns of those“fortunate”few and found they may not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared to those who sleep together less than seven hours. What's more, sleep-aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying compared to the seven-hour crowd.
The wide-ranging global study involved(涉及) more than three million people who self-reported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-opening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot, you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation（适度）.
You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Current Biology. Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.
For the study, 36 participants were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, both sleep-deprived（睡眠不足的) groups consume more food and gain weight.
1. Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?| A．Few people have time to sleep too much. | B．Lack of sleep causes much more harm. |
| C．It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern. | D．People's health has nothing to do with it. |
| A．Those leading a relaxing life. | B．Those getting too much sleep. |
| C．Those with less time to sleep. | D．Those with no sleep problems. |
| A．Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hungry people. |
| B．Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays. |
| C．An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep. |
| D．People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk. |
| A．It is necessary to save enough time for sleep. |
| B．Too much sleep can result in gaining weight. |
| C．Sleeping too much does harm to people's health. |
| D．People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The position of a car's fuel door (if you can actually remember where it is) remains one of the greatest unsolved motoring mysteries.
Do car company engineers draw straws (抽签) to decide what side of the car the fuel door goes on? No. According to Ford spokesman Mark Schirmer, as reported on the Allstate Blog, engineers are free to place fuel doors on the side of the car that offers the easiest packaging. And while one on each side would be rather convenient, we're not likely to see double fuel doors anytime soon—there's neither the room nor the demand for them.
"The placement of the fuel door is mainly a factor of fuel tank design, location, and underbody packaging," Nissan's Steve Yaeger told the Allstate Blog." With all of the structure and components located underneath the vehicle, engineers would quickly encounter restrictions in trying to route the filler tube to the same side on every vehicle."
Schirmer says Americans prefer fuel doors on the left side of their cars, probably because it makes it easier for them to place their car's left fender close to the fuel pump. For this reason, itˈs possible that drivers in the U. K., Australia, New Zealand, India, and other countries who drive on the left side of the road favor a right-hand-side fuel door. But thereˈs nothing to confirm that driver preference is a factor. There are regulations about where the fuel door should be positioned, but these donˈt specify the right or left side of the car.
If you canˈt remember the location of your fuel door, simply look at the little diamond-shaped arrow on the fuel gauge (燃油量表) on your dashboard—it points to the side of the car where the fuel door is. Do it before you pull up to the pump, to avoid the embarrassment of having to get back into your car and drive to another pump.
1. Why don't all cars have gas tanks on the same side?| A．Engineers place fuel doors where they like. |
| B．Drivers ask for its position due to their driving habits. |
| C．It troubles engineers if they are on the same side. |
| D．There are regulations about which side it should be positioned. |
| A．They are left-handed. |
| B．Itˈs convenient for their fuel filling. |
| C．It is easier to place their carˈs right fender near the fuel pump. |
| D．There are many cars with a right-hand-side fuel door in America. |
| A．The fuel door. | B．The fuel gauge. |
| C．The dashboard. | D．The diamond-shaped arrow. |
| A．Tips to Identify the Location of the Fuel Door |
| B．The Popularity of a Right-hand-side Fuel Door to American Drivers |
| C．Reasons for Gas Tanks on Different Sides |
| D．The Motoring Mysteries |
【推荐2】Sporting activities are important improved forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his hunted animals into a goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s victory of killing his preys (猎物).
To understand how this transformation has taken place we must look back at our forefathers (先父). They spent over a million years evolving (进化) as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.
Then about ten thousand years ago, after this extremely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so significant to their old hunting life, was put to a new use—that of controlling and domesticating (驯化) their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer necessary for survival.
The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new ways to practice them. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting orders but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against preys that were no longer important to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten but there were other simpler ways of getting a meaty meal.
1. The author uses the example of the football game to tell us _______________.| A．sporting activities are forms of biological developments |
| B．the difference between sports and hunting |
| C．the reason why man used to go in for hunting |
| D．sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting |
| A．sporting activities | B．domesticating wild animals |
| C．growing crops | D．chasing and killing wild animals |
| A．Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival. |
| B．It is farming that brings human into close contact with nature. |
| C．Sporting activities are important to human existence because they excuse humans from risks and uncertainties. |
| D．It is farming that makes hunting completely out of date and unnecessary. |
【推荐3】Fairs and theme parks never seem to lose their attraction. My kids love them as much as I do. Not everyone will agree with me though. My wife is terrified of anything more exciting than the merry-go-round. So why do I love Blackpool’s Big One while she goes white on hearing the word “rollercoaster(过山车)”？
According to psychologists, it comes down to something called a “Type T” personality. Type T’s are thrillseekers who welcome the uncertainty of activities that most people would find hairraising. It seems some of us enjoy the physical sensations associated with fear: the adrenaline(肾上腺素) rush and the beating heart. Scary rides make us feel alive. Terrifying experiences encourage a sense of excitement once we’re back on solid ground though we only enjoy them, experts say, when we’re within a “protective frame” that assures us that deep down, we’re still safe.
Recent research has found certain genes(基因) which may be responsible for those of us with Type T personalities. Biochemists have separated a gene called DRD4 which seems more common in rollercoaster lovers like me.
New technologies have allowed engineers to design coasters that change speeds quickly, shoot up hundreds of feet into the air and make all sorts of twists. Research suggests that extreme fairground rides tend to appeal particularly to those of us who lead stressful, structured or controlled lives. It’s certainly true that roller coasters are a way of breaking out of the humdrum(乏味的) expectations of everyday life. Theme parks allow us to act like children again, to experience true excitement and behave a little wildly. Where else as an adult can you scream at the top of your lungs and throw your arms in the air without being sent for psychological evaluation?
If you’re looking for a great place this summer where you can get in touch with your inner risktaker, head for the nearest theme park. It’s a scream!
1. What can we learn about the author’s wife?| A．She gets excited easily. |
| B．She fears extreme rides. |
| C．She loves Blackpool’s Big One. |
| D．She rarely disagrees with the author. |
| A．Put their lives at risk. |
| B．Stay energetic all the time. |
| C．Avoid the “protective frame”. |
| D．Enjoy adventurous experiences. |
| A．It is genetically determined. |
| B．It is common among people. |
| C．It is caused by living separately. |
| D．It is a result of a physical disorder. |
| A．They help relieve stress. |
| B．They are technologically designed. |
| C．They contribute to parent kid relationships. |
| D．They are a replacement for psychological evaluation. |
【推荐1】Climate change is starving polar bears into extinction, according to research published Monday that predicts the apex carnivores could all but disappear within the span of a human lifetime. In some regions they are already caught in a vicious downward spiral (螺旋), with shrinking sea ice cutting short the time bears have for hunting seals, scientists reported in Nature Climate Change.
Their dwindling body weight undermines their chances of surviving Arctic winters without food, the scientists added. “The bears face an ever longer fasting period before the ice refreezes and they can head back out to feed,” Steven Amstrup, who conceived the study and is chief scientist of Polar Bears International, told AFP.
On current trends, the study concluded, polar bears in 12 of 13 subpopulations analyzed will have been decimated within 80 years by the galloping pace of change in the Arctic, which is warming three times as fast as the planet as a whole.
“By 2100, recruitment” — new births — “will be severely compromised or impossible everywhere except perhaps in the Queen Elizabeth Island subpopulation,” in Canada’s Arctic Archipelago, said Amstrup. That scenario foresees Earth’s average surface temperature rising 3.3 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial benchmark. One degree of warming so far has triggered a crescendo of heatwaves, droughts and superstorms made more destructive by rising seas.
But even if humanity were able to cap global warming at 2.4 degrees Celsius — about half-a- degree above Paris Agreement targets, but hugely ambitious all the same —it would probably only delay the polar bears’ collapse. The threat is not rising temperatures itself but the top-of-the-food-chain predators’ inability to adapt to a rapidly shifting environment.
Half of Earth’s land-based megafauna are classified as threatened with extinction, but only polar bears are endangered primarily by climate change. But that status may not be unique for long, and should be seen as a harbinger (前兆) of how climate will impact other animals in the coming decades, the authors warned. The polar bear’s “vulnerable” status on the IUCN Red List of endangered species — less severe than “endangered” or “critically endangered”— does not accurately reflect their plight, the authors argue.
Categories established by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature are based mainly on threats such as poaching (偷猎) and habitat encroachment (侵入) that can be addressed with local action on the ground. “But we cannot build a fence to protect sea ice from rising temperatures,” said Amstrup.
1. Why is rising temperature driving polar bears to extinction?| A．Because polar bears can’t tolerate warm weather. |
| B．Because polar bears can’t adapt their hunting time to climate change. |
| C．Because seals, polar bears’ feed, can’t survive warm weather. |
| D．Because polar bears are losing shelter in ice sea. |
| A．contain | B．cover | C．exceed | D．address |
| A．Polar bears’ new births will be reduced to zero by 2100 because of rising temperature. |
| B．Polar bears are facing severe threat but they are not regarded as “critically endangered” by IUCN. |
| C．Polar bears are vulnerable because they are faced with human threats and natural challenge in the meanwhile. |
| D．Polar bears are the only top-of-the-food-chain predator to be endangered due to climate change. |
| A．Sea ice covers such a large area that it is impossible for man to build a fence to prevent sea from melting. |
| B．Man shouldn’t define endangered species list without consideration of the element of temperature. |
| C．Man is almost powerless to stop global warming and sea rising and thus save polar bears from extinction. |
| D．Protective measures are in urgent need to address polar bears’ threats from poaching and habitat encroachment. |
【推荐2】Full stops intimidate young people when used in social media communication as they are interpreted as a sign of anger, according to linguistic experts.
Teenagers and those in their early twenties, classified as Generation Z, have grown up with smartphones which they use to send short messages without full stops. Linguistic experts are now investigating why teens interpret a correctly-punctuated text as a signal of annoyance.
The debate became active again after writer Rhiannon Cosslett tweeted: “Older people, do you realise that ending a sentence with a full stop conies across as sort of abrupt and unfriendly to younger people in a message?” Genuinely curious. That caused crime novelist Sophie Hannah to reply: “Just asked 16-year-old son — apparently this is true. If he got a message with full stops at the end of sentences? He’d think the sender was weird, mean or too blunt.”
According to experts, youngsters used to communicating electronically break up their thoughts by sending each one as a separate message, rather than using a full stop, which they use only to signal they are annoyed. Some have said the full stop is unnecessary when used in texting because the message is ended just by sending it.
Linguist Dr Lauren Fonteyn of Leiden University in Holland tweeted: “If you send a text message without a full stop, it’s already obvious that you've concluded the message. So if you add that additional marker for completion, they will read something into it and it tends to be a falling intonation (语调) or negative tone. Make your sentence an open end. and it will make friends online very happy and relaxed. So full stops could be unnecessary in most cases.”
Professor David Crystal? one of the world’s leading language experts, argues that the usage of full stops is being “revised in a really fundamental way”. In his book, Making a Point, he says that the punctuation mark has become an “emotion marker” which warns the recipient (接受者) that the sender is angry or annoyed.
1. What does the underlined word “intimidate” probably mean in paragraph 1?| A．Frighten. | B．Move. | C．Delight. | D．Reward. |
| A．Full stops end the conversation awkwardly. |
| B．Full stops make messages more boring. |
| C．Full stops are punctuation marks without any emotion. |
| D．Full stops are regarded as an indication of the sender's anger. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Conservative. | C．Negative. | D．Tolerant. |
| A．Will full stops be replaced in messages? |
| B．Does a full stop really conclude a message? |
| C．How do full stops make recipients embarrassed? |
| D．How do we understand punctuation marks in messages? |
【推荐3】Celeste Ng，a new writer，has gained recognition for her first novel，Everything I Never Told You.
Ng's parents came from Hong Kong，China in the 1960s.Ng was born in America and grew up in Pittsburgh，Pennsylvania，and Shaker Heights，Ohio，in a family of scientists.Celeste went to Harvard University and earned an MFA from the University of Michigan，where she won the Hopwood Award.
Although her novel is not about race，the characters are Asian.The main character is Lydia，a teenage girl，who is the favorite of three children born to a white mother and a ChineseAmerican father.The story is about Lydia's disappearance，and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.The whole family deals with sorrow，regret，and exposed secrets as they search for their lost daughter.
Though the characters in this story are Asian，Ng says she didn't really want to include Asian characters.She was afraid people would think the story was about real people in her life.Because she grew up in America and doesn't speak Chinese，she was actually surprised that she included Asian characters in the book.
The book has taken off，especially on Amazon，where it won the Editor's Pick for No.1 Best Book of the Year in 2014.Ng is still getting used to the attention，saying she is still amazed when people tell her they have read her book.With so many readers，it's safe to say this is a book you should read.But if you're looking for a simple mystery，this book might not be for you.Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless you're prepared to cry.
1. The novel Everything I Never Told You ________.| A．focuses on a family with a missing child |
| B．discusses the ways to get rid of regret |
| C．exposes the secret of the American world |
| D．talks about the life of teenagers in America |
| A．She wanted to help the Asian people. |
| B．She was surprised she wrote about Asian characters. |
| C．She was born in Hong Kong and grew up in America. |
| D．She wanted people to know the characters were real people in her life. |
| A．It's about race. |
| B．It's a sad story. |
| C．It's a simple mystery. |
| D．It has a surprising ending. |
| A．Celeste Ng and her family. |
| B．The awards Celeste Ng won. |
| C．Celeste Ng's learning experiences. |
| D．Celeste Ng and her bestknown novel. |
Our historic, restored 1921 Dentzel Carousel is located near the Fisher Family Children’s Zoo. This unique merry-go-round delights kids of all ages as they choose to ride a horse, a cat, a rabbit, or even a giraffe without considering the weather condition.
Tickets are $ 4 per person.
Adults may ride free when standing by a paid child.
Elinor Friend Playground
The newly repaired Elinor Friend Playground lights the imagination of children who is not beyond 12. This unique space is modeled after three distinct bio-regions, which take their themes from specific ecosystems and appeal to distinct age groups: a River Play Area for toddlers (6 months—2 years), a Polar Zone exploration space for pre-schoolers (2—5 years), and a Banyan Tree climbing structure for pre-teens (5—12 years).
Tickets are $ 7 per person (Free with zoo admission).
Adults pay zoo admission.
Little Puffer Miniature Steam Train
Add a ride on the historic Little Puffer miniature steam train to your visit to the San Francisco Zoo. Like generations before you, you’ll make wonderful childhood memories for your kids. Little Putter does not run in wet weather due to slippery tracks, and is closed at a regular time period for repair. Call the Zoo before your visit.
Tickets are $ 7 per person.
Children under 3 may ride free (ticket required) when accompanied by a paid adult.
(A special passenger car on the Little Puffer miniature steam train is designed to hold a wheelchair)
Zoo Keys
The ever-popular storybooks have returned to the Zoo, activated by the beloved, plastic animal keys that have become nostalgic icons to visitors from years past. At Storybook sites around the Zoo, visitors can listen to recordings of stories in different languages and fun facts about the animals in all kinds of weather conditions. You can purchase your Zoo Key at the Admissions Gate or in the Membership Office or online.
Zoo Keys are $ 5 each.
Children under 1 may ride free when accompanied by a paid adult.
1. What is special about Dentzel Carousel?| A．It has a long history. | B．It has models of animals |
| C．It is for children of all ages. | D．It has the cheapest charge. |
| A．6 months - 2 years. | B．6 months - 12 years. |
| C．2-5 years. | D．5-12 years. |
| A．Dentzel Carousel. | B．Elinor Friend Playground. |
| C．Little Puffer Miniature Steam Train. | D．Zoo Keys. |
【推荐2】LONDON, England — London, England’s famous “Big Ben” bell will be silenced for four long years. The keeper of the Great Clock announced this news Monday. The 158-year-old British clock will be getting some repairs.
Londoners were not happy. On social media like Twitter, many said the hourly rings of Big Ben are very important. “A silent Big Ben will be super strange,” tweeted Rob, a history student at King’s College who can hear the rings from his room. He called them the “sound of London.”
“It will be very sad, but it needs to be done,” said Kirsten Hurrell. The 71-year-old runs a busy newsstand facing the clock tower. “Quite honestly, we live with it and half the time we don’t hear it,” she said about the bell. “But we will miss it when we suddenly find it’s not there anymore.”
A selfie (自拍照) with the Great Clock on the top of Elizabeth Tower on the Thames River is almost required. The clock tower stands at one end of the Palace of Westminster, which holds England’s government, known as Parliament. It is also one of the most visited sites in London and Big Ben is the star.
The bell was created by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in 1859. It was the largest at the time of its first performance. In all these years, Big Ben went through good times and bad, which includes Germany’s eight-month bombing of London in World War II.
The hour bell has been silenced before, though. Big Ben cracked after its first few weeks. The striking hammer was too heavy. Workers changed a lighter hammer and Big Ben rang again three years later. Experts say the crack causes the unique but imperfect sound.
The bell was also silent during the funerals (葬礼) of Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher.
During the repair, one side of the four clock faces will remain visible. An electric motor will turn the clock hands. People in London can continue to set their watches to the clock.
The clock keeper announced the clock would not be completely silenced during the repairs and would strike the hour for important national events, for example New Year’s Eve.
1. What is the main idea of the text?| A．Big Ben is the most important site in London. |
| B．The famous 158-year-old clock will get repairs. |
| C．Big Ben went through good times and bad times. |
| D．Londoners weren’t happy about the silence of the bell. |
| A．It’ll cost a lot of money to repair Big Ben. |
| B．People will not hear the rings any longer. |
| C．They won’t get used to the missing of the rings. |
| D．The rings are the most important thing in their life. |
| A．Tourists visit Big Ben more than many other places. |
| B．Tourists plan on avoiding Big Ben when it stops ringing. |
| C．Tourists to London know about Big Ben but rarely visit it. |
| D．Tourists to London have little knowledge about Big Ben. |
| A．1. | B．2. | C．3. | D．4. |
| A．1859. | B．2017. | C．2020. | D．2021. |
【推荐3】Good relationships are definitely good sources of happiness in life. We all want happy relationships but if we do not keep that relationship alive, it can also be one of the most distraught things in life. There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships, as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a great relationship. The following are some major key points in making relationships work.
It is often said that building good relationships is all about communication. Good communication indeed governs a good relationship — knowing the right thing to say, when to say it, how to say it, and accepting that some things are better left unsaid. I personally think communication must be broadened because relationships involve more decisions to make. From study to work, from money to entertainment and even in things about yourself or about your friend that you do not know, communication is essential in these aspects of the relationships.
Of course, being with someone is not saying that you totally agree with him all the time. You and your friend come from different family backgrounds, raised in different environments so there may be disagreements here and there. However, it is important in making relationships work to express disagreements without pushing the relationship to end. Again, good communication and learning to compromise (妥协) at times are necessary.
As the relationship lasts longer, you may also discover things about you and your friend that you may not have known before. Therefore, supporting each other on both your “hidden selves” can also make a good relationship.
Love is an important aspect of building relationships and for me, I always believe that love needs open communication, respect, support and understanding each other in making relationships work.
1. The underlined word “distraught” in Paragraph 1 probably means__________.| A．helpless | B．surprising |
| C．funny | D．upsetting |
| A．supporting each other in anything helps build a good relationship |
| B．a white lie is necessary sometimes |
| C．compromises are essential at any time |
| D．your friends need to have the same backgrounds with you |
a. communication b. support c. love d. hidden selves
| A．a, b, d | B．a, c, d |
| C．b, c, d | D．a,b, c |
| A．The Importance to Express Disagreements |
| B．Keys to Making Relationships Work |
| C．Different Opinions on Good Relationships |
| D．Forbidden Rules in Building Good Relationships |
【推荐1】Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products.
The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.
It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed at which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.
1. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?| A．The exercise of rights is a luxury. | B．The practice of choice is difficult. |
| C．The right of choice is given but at a price. | D．Choice and right exist at the same time. |
| A．Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product. |
| B．People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion. |
| C．Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items. |
| D．Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the rage of choice. |
| A．advanced products meet the needs of people | B．products of the latest design flood the market |
| C．competitions are fierce in high-tech industry | D．everyday goods need to be replaced often |
| A．The variety of choices in modern society. |
| B．The opinions on people’s right in different countries |
| C．The problems about the availability of everyday goods. |
| D．The helplessness in purchasing decisions |
In order to make this adjustment, you need to pay special attention to your sleep environment and your preparation for sleep. If shift work is a necessary part of your work life, here are some suggestions that may help.
Arrange to sleep uninterrupted in a quiet, dark room. This means you may have to turn off or unplug your phone, hang darkening curtains on the windows or wear a sleep eye mask, and train your family and friends to leave you alone while you sleep.
Fit in a nap（小睡）. When your daytime sleep period is too short, taking a short nap of less than 30 minutes just before work or on a break has been shown to improve alertness and enhance performance.
Develop and follow a sleep routine. It's best if you go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day. Try not to vary this too much on weekends. Your body likes routine.
Take extra care to make healthy choices. You may be tempted to reach for unhealthy foods or nicotine to stay awake or alcohol to try to sleep. But ultimately these choices are more harmful than helpful.
If you have tried all these things and are still having problems getting enough quality sleep during the day, talk to your doctor or a sleep specialist. Sometimes medications（药物治疗）may be helpful and safe. In other cases, there may be an underlying sleep disorder that needs to be addressed.
1. The purpose of the text is to .| A．persuade workers to have a god sleep. |
| B．advise night workers to keep healthy |
| C．encourage workers to do day work |
| D．help night workers to sleep well |
| A．A suitable account of alcohol to help sleep. |
| B．A regular life on weekday’s and weekends. |
| C．A dark room without phoebes to sleep in. |
| D．A break for sleeping anytime during the day. |
| A．If he suffers from a sleep disorder for the first time. |
| B．If a good sleep environment is greatly needed for him. |
| C．If he falls to get quality sleep through his own efforts. |
| D．If he has the problem of bailing to sleep in the daytime. |
| A．night workers need a long time to fall asleep |
| B．constant breaks at work help to improve performance |
| C．it is difficult to create a good sleep environment |
| D．night work requires people to adjust their body clocks |
【推荐3】Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our short-term memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
''Hunger isn't controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal, '' Brunstrom says. ''This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. ''
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perceptions of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
1. What affects our appetite according to the new study?| A．How much we remember eating. |
| B．What time we eat our last meal. |
| C．How much we eat our last meal. |
| D．What ingredients the food contains. |
| A．暗示 | B．反映 |
| C．印证 | D．改善 |
| A．Good eating habits contribute to our health. |
| B．Eating speed often affects our food digestion. |
| C．Psychological factors influence our hunger levels. |
| D．Our biological need for energy determines our food intake. |
