【推荐3】A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis(催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.

“During the examination children don't move. It works perfectly. It's amazing,“ said Johanne   L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.

The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia(麻醉).

A French medical-imaging technologist— also a hypnotist — was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children's hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.

Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified(改变的) state of consciousness. The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.

“The technologist must build up a story with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure."

Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story — an injection(注射) becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.

“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness."

The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists,"   Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.

1. One of the results produced by the trial project is ________ .

A．a better understanding of children

B．less use of certain medicines

C．new medical-imaging technology

D．an improved reputation of the hospital

2. According to Paragraph 5, hypnosis works by ________.

A．creating a perfect world for patients

B．forcing patients into a state of deep sleep

C．putting patients into an unconscious state

D．leading patients' consciousness away from reality

3. The procedure was received among the staff with ________.

A．uncertainty	B．worry
C．enthusiasm	D．criticism

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.

B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis.

C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology.

D．An easy way to communicate with patients.

【推荐1】For reasons that are deeply rooted in culture and tradition, men significantly outnumber （比... 多）women in mathematics-based careers. As students progress through the mathematics courses, girls and boys show little difference in ability, effort, or interest in mathematics until adolescent years when course and career choices begin influencing school effort. Then, as social pressure increases and career goals are formed, girls' decisions to reduce effort in the study of mathematics progressively cut them off from many professional careers in the future.

Many girls drop mathematics in high school or in the transition to college. Others drop out later. Women perform virtually as well as men in college mathematics courses, but beyond the bachelor’s degree women drop out of mathematics at   twice the rate of men. Women now enter college nearly as well prepared in mathematics as men, and 46 percent of mathematics baccalaureates （学士学位）go to women. Despite this record, only 35 percent of the master's degrees and 17 percent of the Ph. D degrees in the mathematical sciences are earned by women.

Overall, women receive approximately one third of university degrees in science and engineering. The highest percentages of women are found in those sciences with the least mathematical prerequisite： psychology, biology, and sociology. The lowest percentages of women enter fields requiring the most mathematics, namely, physics, engineering, economics, geo- science ,and chemistry. Evidence from many sources suggest that it is differences in course patterns rather than lack of ability that matter most in limiting women's access to careers in mathematically intensive sciences.

Widely reported studies concerning the high percentage of boys among mathematical prodigies （天才）---those who at age 12 perform at the level of average college students-often convey the impression that gender differences in mathematics are biologically determined. But evidence from the vast majority of students shows almost no difference in performance among male and female students who have taken equal advantage of similar opportunities to study mathematics. Inferences from very exceptional students——child prodigies—mean little about the performance of the general population.

1. Males and females probably have great difference in the learning abilities of in mathematics when they.

A．enter high school	B．acquire   their bachelor’s degree
C．enter college	D．acquire   their master's degree

2. Of the following degrees, the highest percentage of degree earned by women is

A．master’s degree in economics	B．doctor's degree in economics
C．master’s degree in biology	D．doctor's degree in biology

3. We can infer from the high percentage of boys among mathematical prodigies that

A．boys and girls usually lake unequal advantage of opportunities to study mathematics

B．boys are cleverer in mathematics than girls

C．gender differences in mathematics are biologically determined

D．boys work harder than girls

4. Which one doesn't belong to the reasons why men significantly outnumber women in mathematics based careers?

A．Many girls decide to reduce effort in the study of mathematics as social pressure increases.

B．Course pattern is the factor that limits women's access to careers in mathematically intensive sciences.

C．Women's less interest in mathematics limits their access to some careers.

D．More women drop out of mathematics than men beyond the bachelor’s degree.

【推荐2】“When your mother scolds you, you can look elsewhere and think about other things. Just ignore her words. But remember: such a tough attitude cannot be used often.” These words are from a series of cartoons which outline skills for children to fight against their mothers. The images have created heated debate among Chinese netizens(网民).

Regarded as “a book for children aged 6 to 12 who are always scolded by their parents”,   the cartoons, drawn by two 10-year-old Beijing girls, list over 20 skills which children can use to deal with their mothers’ anger such as crying, pretending to be ashamed, fleeing into the toilet and pleasing her afterwards. Each skill is described with vivid pictures and humorous notes. The creativity of the young girls has amazed netizens, the Yangtse Evening Post reported on Thursday.

According to one of the girls’ mothers, her daughter once received a poor mark in an exam, and the mother blamed her and compared her performance with another classmate. The daughter’s feelings led to her creating the cartoons. The girl’s father, who first posted the pictures on his Sohu Microblog on Monday, said he hopes parents pay close attention to the pictures, allow children to feel free to develop their own characteristics and try not to criticize them so often.

“The cartoons, although an individual case, reflect a modern phenomenon and some of the problems within Chinese family education,” said Yu Qinfang, an expert on family education. According to a survey of 104 children and their parents, Yu discovered that as many as 51.9 percent of primary school students hate being urged to do things by their mothers.“Not giving children enough time and hurrying them to do things seems to be a very tiny detail within family life, but it is potentially a huge problem which can easily be ignored by parents. A mother’s blame may lead to negative feelings within her child’s heart,” Yu said. “Parents should learn to blame less and be more patient.”

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Yu Qinfang found that primary school pupils disliked being forced to do things.

B．The father posted the cartoons on his microblog to show off his daughter’s cleverness.

C．Parents are advised to speak highly of their children frequently.

D．How to blame children needs parents’ further study of cartoons

2. What do we know about the cartoon book according to the passage?

A．It is finished by children aged 6 to 12.

B．It tells us how to control mothers’ feelings.

C．It is intended for primary school teachers.

D．It includes a number of vivid pictures and humorous notes.

3. Where would you probably find this passage?

A．An advertisement.

B．A textbook.

C．A newspaper.

D．A novel.

【推荐3】Selecting what to wear can be a difficult problem, especially if you’re a fashion victim.

Trying to follow the latest styles involves regular visits to the shops and sometimes spending much money on expensive designer clothes．But when the fashion changes, these clothes had to stay in the back of cupboards gathering dust, or just get thrown away.

There are many stores that now offer cheap “fast fashion”—low-price items that imitate the styles of more expensive designer brands.

Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energy involved in making these clothes and that many of them are made from non-recyclable materials. This means that items are just burned or go into landfill.

Writing about this for the BBC, Eleanor Lawrie says that people in the UK are the worst in Europe for doing this—with a million tons of unwanted textiles a year being thrown away.

And she says, “on top of often poor labour conditions for garment workers, the fashion industry is responsible for 20％of the world’s waste water, and 10％of carbon emissions.”

This is something the fashion industry is becoming more aware of and has led to a new crop of biomaterials that replace wasteful textiles like cotton and leather.

Examples include Piňatex, a leather-like substance made from pineapple leaves. It’s been used in collections by Hugo Boss and H&M. And there’s mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms, that’s being used to create food, packaging and textiles. Cotton is a very resource-intense crop to grow. Eleanor Lawrie says, “about 15.000 litres of water are required to make one pair of 1eans.

So, buying organic cotton is a better choice. And there is also Tencel(天丝绒), also known as Lyocell(莱赛尔纤维绒), a natural product that’s now growing in popularity. It’s made by obtaining fibre from trees; its manufacture is thought to use 95％less water than cotton processing.

But creating sustainable(可持续的)textiles is only part of the battle-buying ethically(符合道德准则地), buying second hand and buying fewer clothes are the obvious environmentally friendly choices．

1. What does “fashion victim” mean according to the first paragraph?

A．People who are fed up with fashion．	B．People who pursue fashion blindly．
C．People who show no concern about fashion．	D．People who oppose fashion strongly．

2. Which of the following is not one of the new biomaterials?

A．Pineapple leaves．

B．Mushroom root．

C．Lyocell．

D．Cotton．

3. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Cloth producers should produce less clothes．

B．Customers should be sensible when purchasing clothes．

C．Customers should wear old clothes rather than buy new ones．

D．Fashion industry should sell second hand and environmentally friendly clothes．

4. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Many of the clothes that can’t be recycled are just burned or go into landfill．

B．About 15，000 litres of water are required to make one pair of jeans with cotton but Tencel is thought to use 95％of the water than cotton processing．

C．People in the UK are the worst in the world for throwing away unwanted textiles according to Eleanor Lawrie．

D．There is no crop of biomaterials that replace wasteful textiles like cotton and leather．

【推荐1】You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving, If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.

The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values. Your being values are the character traits （痕迹，特征）of the ideal person you would like to be. I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment （承诺） to live by, Examples of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful, By acting on these values you give others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model, Mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose.

Your having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. They are what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.

When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, have a deep thinking, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power.

When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you strengthen your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.

1. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.

A．persuade the readers to make a commitment

B．explain to the readers what personal values are

C．inform the readers how to be truly happy

D．instruct the readers how to make wise choices

2. The underlined word “void” in Paragraph 1 means ______.

A．a feeling of emptiness	B．an absence of one’s mind
C．a break of consciousness	D．a state of confusion

3. From the passage we can infer that ______.

A．having values are better than being values

B．a calm person does not choose to complain

C．the way other people think of you decides who you are

D．a responsible person does not care about financial security

【推荐2】Courage is a highly admired virtue. When asked to describe courage, most people conjure up（脑中浮现）the image of an individual running into a burning building, or maybe a hero saving the world. But there's another form of bravery that's much more important because it comes up more often. It's called moral courage.

Moral courage is the ability that allows us to face our fears and to conquer our darkest fears. It's the ability to face the future without knowing what is certain. It's the ability to stand tall and confront those who oppose us, those who prevent us from realizing who we are and what we are. But most importantly, it's the ability to stand up for what's right, even though there are risks that stand in your way. Sara Anderson once said that “It takes great courage to faithfully follow what we know to be true.”

The potential of showing moral courage has the power of changing the world. It was because of the moral courage that Mahatma Gandhi was able to make India free from British rule. He fought bravely against them without the use of any weapon by presenting great moral courage. In this way, he also became a great example for the people of the whole world. It is not that we remember Gandhi because of his body or beauty. We remember him because of the great ideas and principles of his life.

Moral courage is essential not only for a noble life, but a happy one. Without moral courage, we have no control over our lives. Our fears destroy our spirit and make us trapped in depression. Mark Twain said, “Courage is not the absence of fear but the resistance of fear, the mastery of fear.” If our fears cause us to lose confidence in the power of virtue, we will lose something very precious.

People with moral courage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker of true character and a virtue others can be proud of. We must try to develop the power of moral courage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrong and grant us a better world.

1. What is the main function of paragraph 1?

A．To make a comparison.	B．To propose a definition.
C．To provide the background.	D．To introduce the subject.

2. What does the example of Mahatma Gandhi tell us?

A．Moral courage restricts great ideas and principles.

B．Moral courage makes people faithfully follow the truth.

C．Moral courage is essential for leading a happy life.

D．Moral courage can make a difference to the world.

3. What can be inferred from Mark Twain's words?

A．Courage is a spirit to overcome the fear.	B．Courage is being brave without any fear.
C．Having a fear can limit our future lives.	D．Fear can stop us from achieving our goals.

4. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?

A．To end injustice and wrong.	B．To strengthen moral courage.
C．To pursue excellent virtues.	D．To create a better world.

【推荐1】History is full of tales of great ideas taking shape in sleeping minds； Paul McCartney said that he awoke with the tune of Yesterday in his head, and Robert Louis Stevenson said that the idea for The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde came to him in a dream.

Scientists believe that the mind at night puts together bits of information in creative ways. Throughout the day your brain rarely gets a chance to stop and think. It constantly responds to a stream of challenges, from writing a report for a work deadline to remembering where you left your car keys and figuring out what to buy for dinner.

“Think of your brain like a web," says Russell Foster, Professor of Neuroscience at Oxford University. "During the day the web is very tight, so you can only put information in a certain number of places. During sleep the web expands, and with the luxury of time, those bits of information can be put into lots of different places and make new associations."

He adds that this process may help to foster the formation of new ideas. "This bringing together of seemingly unrelated bits of information is vital to helping the brain think itself out of problems,” says Russell Foster.

"Sleep seems to allow your mind to make non-obvious connections. It puts all the information from the day into a big biological theatre and forces the mind to speak to people at the back of the theatre, who you may not think you have any connection with. This is the basis of creativity connecting ideas, events and memories that wouldn't normally fit together.

By placing volunteers into brain scanners and sending them to sleep, scientists have seen that the areas associated with emotion go into overdrive, especially while dreaming, while the areas that are responsible for logic (逻辑)are switched off. This not only explains why dreams are unbelievably random-you can be talking to a colleague one minute and the next minute sitting in your old school classroom dressed in your nightclothes—but also explains how the brain can put together different information.

1. In what way are the mind at night and the mind during the day different?

A．The ways to receive information.

B．The ways to provide information.

C．The ways to process information.

D．The ways to exchange information.

2. According to Russell Foster, what may bring out creativity?

A．Information put together in normal ways.

B．Information put together in unusual ways.

C．Information stored in a biological theatre.

D．Information stored in the mind.

3. Which can replace "go into overdrive,, underlined in the last paragraph?

A．Start being active.	B．Return to normal.
C．Stop working.	D．Perform badly.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．The Creative Power of the Brain

B．Great Works from Sleep

C．Never Believe Your Sleeping Minds

D．Sleep Can Bring Creative Ideas

【推荐2】The majority of people on this planet live through ego(自我意识). They feel that they are themselves special, apart from the crowd in some way. Also, they aren't willing to acknowledge other people's special-ness, and feel that they are threatened by the people who are different from them.

Besides, there are many different 'exclusive clubs' which people join under certain conditions, like Colour of skin clubs, Sports clubs, and so on. What many people fail to acknowledge, however, is that there is in fact only one club The Human Being club.

Our diversity is what makes life interesting. I love watching people who dance or create music beautifully, draw out emotions through their acting skills, or are accomplished athletes. I also understand myself well enough to know that I don't have enough passion for any of these things to make the sacrifices necessary to come close to their level of excellence.

I believe that it is human nature to communicate and cooperate with people who are like us, but what a lot of people see as 'like us' is narrowed down to very superficial(表面) characteristics. I remember my Jamaican friend's sister being most put out. She had been the only black woman in her company and then another black woman was employed. They were automatically put to work together because they were both black and obviously had a lot in common - so thought the employer! The truth was that they had nothing in common, didn't come from the same country and actively disliked each other. It's always a mistake to assume anything on a purely superficial basis.

I have many friends who are members of a variety of the above mentioned clubs and each one of them has taught me so much about different cultures and life styles, and has enriched my life in the process. I encourage anyone to strike up a conversation with someone who doesn't look like them - you might be surprised at exactly how much you have in common.

1. According to the first two paragraphs people tend to _________.

A．feel they are special	B．feel they are lack of ego
C．admit others are special	D．admit only one club exist

2. How is the Paragraph 3 mainly developed?

A．By analyzing causes.	B．By setting an example.
C．By giving a description.	D．By making comparisons.

3. The author mentioned his Jamaican friend’s sister to show ___________.

A．black women have a lot in common indeed

B．it is human nature to cooperate with people

C．people understand “like us” in a narrow way

D．people often make mistakes in judging others

4. What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph?

A．To enrich their own life.	B．To join an exclusive club.
C．To talk to different people.	D．To experience different life.

【推荐3】New data presented this week at the annual Associated Professional Sleep Societies (APSS) suggest that a student's preferred sleeping schedule has a lot to do with his or her grade-point average in school. In one study, researchers at the University of Pittsburg revealed that poor sleep habits among high schoolers led to lower grades, particularly in math.

It's no surprise that poor sleep habits may negatively impact academic performance. And dozens of studies have linked an increase in nightly sleep to better cognition and alertness. The new research, however, goes a step further, quantifying the impact of erratic or inadequate sleep on grades. These findings are more convincing than saying that if you get more sleep, you'll feel better," says Jennifer Cousins, a lead researcher of the study.

The study involved data from 56 adolescents (34 female) between the ages of 14 and 18 years. They were asked to fill out sleep diaries for one week and wear a special activity monitor on their wrists, which recorded when the students were asleep or awake. Overall, teens with poor sleep habits received lower grades than students who stuck with a more regular sleep routine.

Interestingly, Cousins also found that different sleep habits had different effects on the students' school performance：those who woke up more often during the night did worse in math, for example, while those who slept peacefully through the night tended to get better grades in English.

These findings bring up new questions about teasing out（探讨）the details of what is important about sleep that impacts learning," says Cousins. "Does more sleep improve our ability to deal with abstract concepts found in math, or does sleep quality increase creativity? We don't know the answers, and don't want to draw those conclusions yet. But this helps us understand more about how sleep helps the things we do in daily life. "

Authors of the study point out that the results provide overwhelming evidence of the importance of sleep during a period of development that is critical for adolescents and recommend sleep education as a prevention tool to help increase awareness of the importance of sleep and of the negative consequences of poor sleep.

1. The underlined word "erratic" in the second paragraph probably means______.

A．adequate	B．different
C．stable	D．irregular

2. We can learn from Jennifer Cousins' research that_____.

A．lower grades in math are related to more awakenings at night

B．the longer you sleep, the better your grades in English will be

C．the findings will cause new insoluble problems about sleeping and learning

D．different sleep habits have similar effects on students' learning

3. Which of the following do you think Jennifer Cousins will NOT agree with?

A．People should understand the importance of sleep for students.

B．Whether greater sleep quality help increase students' creativity is not known yet.

C．Students' grades mainly depend on their sleep quality.

D．The study helps researchers understand how sleep affects learning.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．The More Sleep, the Better Cognition

B．The Poorer Sleep Habits, the Lower Grades

C．The More Sleep, the Better You Will Feel

D．The More Peacefully You Sleep, the Higher Grades You Will Get