Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bees to pull strings (线) to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony (群体) — showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes (猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task, and can also pass skills on through several generations.
The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for “culture spread”— the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills — may not be exclusive to humans.
In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet.
The strings were attached to discs — or artificial “flowers”— containing food at their center but placed under a transparent (透明的) screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the “flowers” out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.
From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful.
Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colony's worker bees.
Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees' learning and teaching skills.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “exclusive” in Paragraph 3?| A．Ordinary. | B．Limited. | C．Beneficial. | D．Widespread. |
| A．Bees learn best in insects. | B．Bees are as clever as birds. |
| C．Bees are born good learners. | D．Bees can be trained to learn skills. |
| A．What else bees can do. | B．Where bees learn skills. |
| C．How bees teach others. | D．How bees' brains work. |
| A．Small Bees, Great Abilities | B．Bees Can Learn and Teach |
| C．Bees Are Smarter | D．Let Bees Learn |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Your guardian angel might have four legs and a rocking tail.
A new study from two researchers at Arizona State University found, like the hero dogs of film and TV, your real-life one likely wants to rescue you when you’re in trouble, reports AFP.
“It’s a popular legend(传说), ” explained researcher Joshua van Bourg. “Simply observing dogs rescuing someone doesn’t tell you much. The difficult challenge is figuring out why they do it.”
To test if and why dogs want to save their humans, Joshua van Bourg and his partner, Clive Wynne, took 60 dogs and their owners and set up artificial rescue scene. For the study, the owner was put in a large box that had a lightweight door that the owner’s dog could move to one side to “save” them. Once in the box, the human would pretend to be in trouble, calling out for help without using their dog’s name. The second part of the test involved researchers placing dog food in a box and watching to see how many of the same 60 dogs moved to open the box to get the reward.
Looking at the two tests, the researchers found that about one-third of the dogs successfully rescued their owners and that around the same number also opened the box with the food. The study suggests that these responses could signal that dogs find rescuing their loved ones to be a rewarding task, much like nosing out and finding food. According to Joshua van Bourg, a dog’s natural heroism becomes even more impressive when you take “a closer look” at the study’s results.
“The key here is that without controlling for each dog’s understanding of how to open the box, the percentage of dogs who rescued their owners is much more lower than the percentage of dogs who wanted to rescue their owners.” Joshua van Bourg said.
“The fact that two-thirds of the dogs didn’t even open the box for food shows that rescuing requires more than just motivation(动机), there’s something else involved, and that’s the ability.” he added.
1. What do the researchers focus on in the studies?| A．The number of dogs smelling dog food. |
| B．The way of dogs opening the light door. |
| C．The reason for dogs rescuing their owners. |
| D．The willingness of dogs to enter the rescue scene. |
| A．Twenty dogs are brave enough to rescue humans. |
| B．Forty dogs help humans and open the boxes for food. |
| C．Owners are saved without calling their dogs name. |
| D．Dogs consider rescuing owners as a rewarding task. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Objective. | C．Negative. | D．Pessimistic. |
| A．Teaching dogs how to rescue humans. |
| B．Reminding people of being kind to dogs. |
| C．Advocating people to raise more dogs as pets. |
| D．Testing dogs what to do while rescuing owners. |
【推荐2】The Proboscis Monkey is a medium-sized primate (灵长类动物) that is found in the rainforests of Borneo. The male Proboscis Monkey is much larger than the female measuring up to 76 cm in height and weighing more than 20 kg, both having a long tail which can easily be the same length as the body and is used to help the Proboscis Monkey to balance while it is jumping through the trees. Adults are mainly pale orange to light brown in color with a richer colored head and shoulders and grey limbs and tail, and a light pink face. The nose of the monkey develops with age. Although scientists are still unsure as to exactly why the nose of the Proboscis Monkey grows so big, it is widely believed to do with attracting a female mate.
The Proboscis Monkey is native to the island of Borneo. Due to their leaf-eating diet it’s most commonly found in mangrove swamps (红树沼泽地), but is also known to live in coastal mangroves, riverine forests and lowland rainforest providing that there’s a good source of fresh water.
The Proboscis Monkey lives in groups that contain between 2-30 individuals including a dominant male, with up to 10 female and their young. Female Proboscis Monkey tend to lead the searches for food and care for the young and the male defends his group by making loud honking sounds and showing his teeth. Proboscis Monkey groups are known to gather together when close to water or in an area where there is enough food, and at night when groups rest and sleep in the safety of the mangroves close to the water’s edge.
Young Proboscis Monkeys are cared for not just by their mother but also by the other adult females in the group, and will remain with their mother until they’re nearly a year old when young females tend to stay with the group and young males will leave to join a group of bachelor (单身汉) males. Although Proboscis Monkey groups tend to remain fairly stable, it’s not uncommon for both males and females to move to another group.
Today population numbers are thought to have dropped by up to 80% over the past 30 years and there’re thought to be around 7,000 Proboscis Monkeys left in the wild. Now, the Proboscis Monkey is listed by the IUCN as an endangered animal and could die out in the near future if better conservation measures aren’t put into place.
1. What function does the Proboscis Monkeys’ long tail have?| A．Helping them move faster. | B．Helping them move steadily. |
| C．Helping them find more food. | D．Helping them attract the other sex. |
| A．sociable animals | B．productive animals |
| C．endangered animals | D．active animals |
| A．stay with his mother | B．live with other males |
| C．become head of a troop | D．wander around alone |
| A．The lifestyle of the Proboscis Monkey. |
| B．The appearance of the Proboscis Monkey. |
| C．The preservation of the Proboscis Monkey. |
| D．The relationship between the Proboscis Monkey and humans. |
【推荐3】Why do animals migrate or move? They do so to find a place that will offer better living conditions. Not all animals migrate, but those that migrate are attempting to help the survival of their species. There are a variety of reasons why animals leave. Some migrate to avoid weather changes. Some leave because of the food supply. Unlike humans who migrate because of relationships, job changes, or other social reasons, animals migrate to survive.
There are different types of migration, but one of the most interesting is the seasonal migration. In seasonal migrations, animals move twice a year. These movements usually occur due to changes in the seasons or in the weather. For example, some birds migrate away from colder regions to warmer weather and then come back to a place once the colder weather has passed.
How do animals know when it is time to migrate? Some animals do not leave an are until the environment changes and becomes a place that is not favorable for them to live. Other animals seem to have inborn systems that tell them when it is time to leave.
Animals that migrate use many different ways to successfully reach their destinations. Scientists believe animals’ senses play a huge role in helping them find their way. For example, salmon(三文鱼)are thought to recognize specific smells that help them. Others are thought to use even the sun, moon, and stars to help guide them on their journeys. Although the animals use different methods to migrate, one thing is the same: migration remains an important journey for the survival of many of Earth’s most amazing species.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．Animals’ senses. | B．Animals’ habitats. |
| C．Animals’ migration. | D．Animals’ destinations. |
| A．To improve relationships. | B．To reach their destinations. |
| C．To live with other species. | D．To find better living conditions. |
| A．Animals use the same method to migrate. |
| B．Animals may migrate for different reasons. |
| C．Animals are born to know where to migrate. |
| D．All migrating animals use the sun as a guide. |
| A．A history book. | B．A travel brochure. |
| C．A science magazine. | D．A financial newspaper. |
【推荐1】People do not like being separated from their mobile phones, even while enjoying a restful holiday at the beach. However, the phone battery (电池) may become exhausted completely. If that happens, they have no choice but to connect the phone to the power supply. But it’s impossible to get the battery charged (充电) at the beach. What’ s worse, the hot sun is shining right overhead, and the water in the bottle is sure to reach a very high temperature.
Antoine Sayah, a university student from Lebanon, developed a special beach mat called the Beachill. It looks similar to the ordinary beach mat and will cause back pain as well. However, the device can recharge any mobile phone. It is designed to be water-resistant (防水的) and has a 5-watt solar panel, which provides power continuously. The mat also has the refrigeration equipment that can help keep drinks cool, just like the refrigerator.
Antoine Sayah began selling the Beachill on the Internet for $150. He says he has been surprised at the reaction worldwide. “I have got orders for the device from Brazil, Toronto, all over Europe, especially France, America, from all continents.” The Beachill is also gaining popularity in other places, like swimming pools and boats.
Some people like the mat because it is lightweight and easy-to-carry. Rita Mathieu bought one of the Beachills. “When I am on the beach, I used to look around for a charger and never managed to find any and the water never stays cool,” she says. “So this kind of beach mat is wonderful and has everything in it, even a pocket where I can put a book. Thanks to it, I can surf the Internet and keep in touch with friends at any time at the beach.”
1. The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ______.| A．show great pity for people at the beach |
| B．attract the readers’ interest in the subject |
| C．provide some key facts about mobile phones |
| D．prove the importance of water in hot weather |
| A．It is quite unusual in appearance. |
| B．It will stop working in the water. |
| C．It has some function of the refrigerator. |
| D．It functions more effectively than ordinary ones. |
| A．popularity | B．convenience |
| C．good quality | D．low price |
| A．tell people a new way to get a cold drink |
| B．ask people to stop using phones at the beach |
| C．encourage people to travel around the world |
| D．introduce a beach mat that can charge a phone |
【推荐2】In spring, you may be fortunate enough to have good weather, a small piece of earth and the energy, enthusiasm and inspiration to plant a garden. There is nothing better to shake off the boredom and dullness of winter than to dig in the earth, plant some seeds and watch them grow. A small garden can produce something extra fresh for dinner, flowers for the table and a feeling of accomplishment. It is work, but it is ever so rewarding.
What about your life garden? Just as a beautiful garden is a work in progress, so is the garden in your mind. It takes effort, planning, nurturing (培育) and weeding to grow a garden. What have you planted—what have you allowed to take root? Is your life the picture of a well laid out garden or an untidy mixture of plants, trees and weeds whose seeds were blown your way and took root?
We have all heard phrases like “sowing seeds of doubt” or “sowing seeds of discontent”. We can make a careful choice whether to allow them to take root in our lives or throw them out of our garden. Negative energy and words, like weeds, will spread quickly if left unchecked. Find a good “weed killer”—a book, an inspirational story, positive affirmations (肯定) —to help you get rid of the thoughts that reduce the beauty of your garden.
Plant as many seeds of joy and beauty as you can — in your own life and in the lives of the people with whom you live and work every day. Grow a gratitude garden, a peace garden and a dream garden. Look after them daily. If you give them time and energy, you will have a rich harvest of success, happiness and peace of mind.
1. Why does the author tell us the benefits of growing a garden?| A．To lead to the life garden. | B．To introduce a rewarding work. |
| C．To show his love for gardening. | D．To suggest a way to kill boredom. |
| A．It changes all the time. |
| B．It needs our effort and nurturing. |
| C．It can make us happy and grateful in life. |
| D．It is full of both positive and negative energy. |
| A．They are a natural part of life. |
| B．They are often left unchecked. |
| C．They are difficult to be removed. |
| D．They need to be removed before they spread. |
| A．Reading a dull book. | B．Expressing our discontent. |
| C．Having positive selftalks. | D．Pulling up weeds in the garden. |
【推荐3】Anyone caring about their health will be able to speak out a few of the major vitamins, and possibly take an educated guess at what they do. Vitamin C, found in oranges and other fruit and vegetables, is important for wound repair. And the much-talked-about “sunshine” vitamin D, produced by the skin in response to UV light, is essential for strong bones.
But what about vitamin P? It might well have you scratching your head. And that's not surprising: the term was first coined in the 1930s to describe a small group of compounds that provide pigment (天然色素) to plants, and were believed to have health benefits. A century later, these compounds are now better known as flavonoids (类黄酮)．
Today, scientists have identified between 4,000 and 6,000 different kinds and we now know they are responsible for many of the flavors and smells of fruit and vegetables and also that they protect them from invaders such as pests and bacteria.
They are equally important nutrients for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen (胶原), which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.
They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation (氧化), a natural process by which the body's cells age and can become damaged and defective. That means they could help to protect against chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease.
1. What do we know about vitamin P?| A．We would scratch our head if we took it. |
| B．It refers to the compounds also called flavonoids. |
| C．It was made into a coin in the 1930s. |
| D．People didn't think it beneficial in the past. |
| A．Helping maintain bones and teeth. |
| B．Assisting in producing protein collagen. |
| C．Accelerating the circulation of the blood. |
| D．Aiding the body to handle the main factors of illness. |
| A．Harmful. | B．Discouraged. |
| C．Vague. | D．Deficient. |
| A．By fighting against oxidation. | B．By maintaining bones. |
| C．By strengthening muscles. | D．By protecting against chronic diseases. |
【推荐1】James Dyson, the inventor of the bagless vacuum cleaner, is now the wealthiest person in Briton after his company posted a record profit for 2018. But how did he make his fortune?
My father died when I was nine, and I remember doing the household chores to help my mother. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up.
Thirty years later, in 1979, I was doing chores at home alongside my wife. One day the vacuum cleaner was screaming away, and I had to empty the bag because I could not find a replacement for it. With this lifelong hatred of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless vacuum cleaner.
Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spent the next 15 years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (设计原型). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.
I just had a passion for the vacuum cleaner as a product, but I never thought of going into a business with it. In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements (许可协议) for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (过滤器). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business.
That gave me the courage to keep going, but soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents (专利) on my vacuum cleaner. However, I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.
Today, I still view risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention. Go out and brainstorm your ideas. You are not limited by any rules — in fact, the stranger and riskier your idea, the better.
1. Which of the following provided inspiration for Dyson’s invention?| A．The death of his father | B．The scream of his wife |
| C．The hatred of homework chores | D．The trouble the cleaner bag brings |
| A．Because the vacuum makers profited from bags and filters. |
| B．Because Dyson’s vacuum cleaner still needed to be improved. |
| C．Because the major vacuum makers had updated their products. |
| D．Because Dyson’s vacuum cleaner didn’t get licensing agreements. |
| A．before the legal battles | B．after becoming famous |
| C．upon applying for the patent | D．in spite of financial difficulties |
| A．emphasize the necessity of brainstorming our ideas |
| B．explain the development of the vacuum cleaner |
| C．introduce Dyson and his vacuum cleaner |
| D．urge people to accept risks and failure |
【推荐2】When school closes, poor pupils lose the last social institution-one that educates, feeds, and sometimes clothes them-whereas richer pupils are gaining relatively more advantages. Disruptions to schooling tend to lower achievement while increasing inequality.
A new industry of"Learning Pod", where a group of families pool cash to pay for an in-person tutor, is deepening that inequality. Scoot Education, whose normal business is providing substitute teachers for schools, quickly developed a sideline in learning pods in California. For younger pupils, the total cost of a pod, shared among all parents, is $349 a day, which is beyond what a poor family can afford.＂Rich families can always find a way to educate their children, even if COVID-19 pandemic had not started," says Sarah Cohodes, a professor at Teachers College at Columbia University.
Thus, if there would be no extraordinary interventions in the closing of schools, the long-run effects on those poor students are predictable.
A team of five education scholars recently calculated that American schoolchildren in 2020 learned 30% less reading and 50%less maths than they would in a typical year. Despite that, the top third of pupils posted gains in reading. Data from Opportunity Insights, an economic-research team at Harvard University, shows that after lockdowns began in March pupils from low-income neighbourhoods fell permanently behind on online maths coursework, while those from richer areas quickly rebounded.
Then there is the problem of access to online classes. Nearly half of native American pupils and 35% of black and Hispanic ones do not have access to either a computer or the internet at home, compared with 19%of whites. Worsening mental health among poorer families will also hurt achievement. Elizabeth Ananat of Barnard College and Anna Gassman-Pines of Duke University surveyed part-time workers in Philadelphia who had young children; half were showing their anxiety or depression for children's schooling.
1. What do we know about Learning Pod?| A．It was started as the key business by Scoot Education. |
| B．Families can afford this teaching model with$349 a day. |
| C．It is a long-existing method to find an in-person tutor. |
| D．It worsens educational inequality to some extent. |
| A．Learned maths in advance. | B．Performed poorly in maths. |
| C．Regained improvement in maths. | D．Showed permanent love to maths. |
| A．Effects of educational inequality. | B．Psychological problems of the pupils. |
| C．Opportunities to use online resources. | D．Low academic achievement of the poor. |
| A．a health magazine | B．an educational report |
| C．a science textbook | D．a learning guideline |
【推荐3】Sometimes you may feel unhappy or have no confidence, what shall we do? Here are six ways to make yourselves feel good and confident.
1) Look in the mirror and say loudly to yourself, “I am a unique person and there's no one else in the world like me. I can do anything!” It may not sound so good, but it really works!
2) Do something good for other people. Giving others help always makes you feel good.
3) Be always friendly to people around you. Look for the good things in your friends and your family.
4)New challenges are fun and give you a sense of accomplishment when you have finished. So learn something new! Have you ever wanted to how to dance? Go for it !
5) Read and start a diary. Turn off the TV and let your imagination fly! Write down your thoughts, dreams or anything you want! Writing always helps to express your feelings.
6) Have family dinners as often as possible. We all need our family time.
1. According to the passage, when you are helping others, you will _________.| A．be special | B．be sure | C．feel nice | D．be remembered |
| A．成就感 | B．忧伤感 | C．挫折感 | D．信任感 |
| A．learn something new and go for it! | B．spend all day watching TV at home. |
| C．keep a diary to express your feelings. | D．you should always look for the good things in others. |
| A．Do Your Best | B．Always Smile to Your Life |
| C．It’s Never too Late to Learn | D．Six Ways to Feel Good about Yourself |
【推荐1】I'm not much of a gardener. I love having beautiful flowers-but I don't have a good track record when it comes to making them grow.
A few months after our son left for the Middle East, my friend gifted me a box of tulip bulbs (郁金香球茎). She explained that these bulbs were put into the ground in the fall and lay sleeping all winter. They had all the nutrients they needed inside the bulb and would come out in the spring. ''When you see the leaves of the tiny flowers pushing toward the sun, you'll know that it's almost time for your son to come home. They'll give you what you need most.'' She walked me through the process of planting them. I thanked her — trying to show my gratitude for her gift.
It was a long winter — cold and dark. I endured both the weather and the loneliness and fear I felt with my son away. Dead leaves, frost and finally a heavy snow covered the area where I'd planted those flowers, and I soon forgot they were there.
Finally the weather began to warm. One day, as I walked down my front steps, I noticed an area of green. I bent down to inspect the situation more clearly and saw that those tulips had begun to grow, their tiny leaves forcing their way to the sun.
Day after day I noted the flowers' progress. And day after day, the time approached when my son would finally be home. Now with spring just around the corner, nothing could keep either of us from marching toward the light. Almost all of those bulbs bloomed. And with each brightly colored flower, I marked off one day closer to getting to hold my son in my arms again.
1. What can we know about the author?| A．She is a professional gardener. |
| B．She is not good at growing flowers. |
| C．She never plants flowers at home. |
| D．She often sends friends flowers as gifts. |
| A．The bitter winter reminded her of her son far away. |
| B．She was discouraged from making another attempt. |
| C．They failed to live through the cold and long winter. |
| D．She had no hope for beautiful flowers indeed. |
| A．A physical representation of the hope. |
| B．Things deep inside her heart and soul. |
| C．A lesson she will never forget completely. |
| D．The trouble she had in making them come out. |
| A．A dark winter with hope. | B．Planting hope in winter. |
| C．An area of green in spring. | D．Living a changeable life. |
【推荐2】A cozy environment fostering focused thinking and concentration on books is what study lounges are all about. Ideal for students with limited options as after-school study spaces. And relatively cheap.
The demand for study lounges rose in China because students can hardly find a peaceful place to study after finishing classes. Before 2018, there were few study lounges in China, and the few that existed were mainly in first- and second-tier cities such as Guangzhou, Suzhou and Tianjin. Yet by 2019, they had become popular nationwide.
But the pandemic (流行病) has dealt a blow to the industry. Since personal contact in a closed environment is unavoidable, the pandemic forced all study lounges to shut down for several months. Lou Qingxiao, founder of Xinliuzaowu, one of Beijing’s earliest study lounge brands that opened in 2018, said their first study lounge near Renmin University of China had made ends meet before the pandemic. Li Hang and Zhang Yang, co-founders of Sishiloushi, a Beijing-based independent study lounge, said that even before COVID-19 broke out, the industry’s profit was neither promising nor clear, let alone in such a particular period.
“Rent is a major fixed cost for study lounges, especially in first-tier cities,” Lou said. In a first-tier city such as Beijing, rentals comprise more than a half of a study lounge’s monthly operation cost. But Lou sounds optimistic about the industry commercial prospects, “because it’s a blue ocean with less competition.”
Study lounges provide a better learning experience that people cannot get in free public libraries. “Privately operated study lounges like ours actually make up for the shortage of public infrastructure (基础设施) and public services and we are willing to cooperate with the government to better serve the public.” Li said.
1. What contributes to the rise of study lounges in China?| A．The rapid development of cities. |
| B．The shrinking number of libraries. |
| C．The need for a peaceful study environment. |
| D．The lack of alternative after-school activities. |
| A．The earliest study lounge brands in China. |
| B．A guideline on finding famous study lounges. |
| C．An introduction to the founders of study lounges. |
| D．The influence of the pandemic on study lounges. |
| A．It is promising. | B．It is unclear. |
| C．It will be full of competition. | D．It will be free of rent. |
| A．Government involvement is welcome. |
| B．The infrastructure construction is needed. |
| C．Study lounges should be privately operated. |
| D．Cooperation with public libraries has been achieved. |
【推荐3】My name is Michelle. I'm 27 years old, and I've been writing letters to my pen pal in England for 14 years.
Yes, a pen pal. Rachel and I have been writing letters to each other since the 8th grade. My reading teacher at the time helped our class find pen pals through a company called International Youth Service (unfortunately closed in 2008).
On February 28, 2006, I received a letter back from the girl from England. Our letters started to turn into novellas(中篇小说) pretty quickly. We began spilling our guts to each other about all sorts of teenage stuff—boys, namely.
We continued writing letters throughout college, but they started to slow down with the age of the Internet and Facebook. It was both a blessing and a curse, because if I needed to share something with her right away, I didn't have to wait two weeks for a response. But there was still no better feeling than opening up my mailbox and seeing past the advertisements and campus happenings and finding a letter with her handwriting on the envelope waiting for me.
One would think that we are more connected than ever in a world of text messaging and social media—but honestly, I don't think this could be further from the truth. We are losing the personal touch, the quality of the time it takes to put into a friendship. Think about letter writing—it's not expensive. An international stamp costs $1.15.
It's not the expense. It's the time. The time it takes to go to the store and pick out a card or stationary. The time it takes to actually hand-write a letter. The time it takes to address the envelope, go to the post office, pay, and mail the letter out. And I believe this is what makes letter writing so personal and special.
1. How did Michelle find a pen pal?| A．By reading a novel. |
| B．By travelling to England. |
| C．Through the Internet. |
| D．Through a company. |
| A．Because the Internet occupied more communication. |
| B．Because she didn’t want to wait too long for a reply. |
| C．Because opening up the mailbox is troublesome. |
| D．Because too many advertisements took up the mail box. |
| A．We become closer to each other. |
| B．We are losing the quality time of friendship. |
| C．Letter writing becomes more expensive. |
| D．Letter writing becomes cheaper. |
| A．Letter writing takes too much time. |
| B．Letter communication needs several steps. |
| C．Time spent in letter writing makes it valuable. |
| D．Time spent in letter writing makes it expensive. |
