【推荐1】Guide to Hiking on the Appalachian Trail

How do I “Leave No Trace on the Appalachian Trail?”

At about 2,189 miles, the Appalachian Trail is the longest single unit of the National Park System. With the number of people visiting this place increasing each year, the chances are great that any of us may damage the natural environment along the Trail and affect the experience for others. So please do your part by following these hiking and camping practices, and encourage others to learn about and adopt these techniques.

1. Plan ahead and prepare.

Evaluate the risks associated with your outing, identify campsites and destinations in advance, and use maps and guides. Prepare for extreme weather, dangers, and emergencies – especially the cold – to avoid impacts from searches, rescues, and campfires. Learn when areas are most crowded and try to avoid those times.

2. Dispose of waste properly.

Pack out all trash and food waste, including that left behind by others. Don’t bury trash or food, and don’t try to burn packaging materials in campfires. Use the privy (茅房) for human waste only. Do not add trash. If there is no privy, dispose of human waste by burying it in a hole, a hole at least 200 feet (80 steps) from campsites, water sources and shelters, and well away from trails.

3. Leave what you find.

Leave plants, cultural artifacts (文物) and other natural objects where you found them for others to enjoy. Do not damage live trees or plants; green wood burns poorly. Collect only firewood that is dead, down, and no larger than your wrist. Leave dead standing trees and dead limbs on standing trees for the wildlife.

4. Minimize campfire impacts.

Use stoves for cooking – if you need a fire, build one only where it’s legal and in an existing fire ring. Keep fires small. Never leave your campfire unattended, and drown it when you leave. Do not try to burn trash, including plastic, glass, cans, tea bags, food, or anything with food on it. These items do not burn thoroughly. They create harmful fumes, and attract wildlife like skunks and bears.

5.Respect wildlife

Don’t feed or disturb wildlife. Store food properly to avoid attracting bears, varmints, and rodents. If you bring a pet, keep it leashed.

1. Before you hike on the Appalachian Trail, you are advised to _______.

A．Leave your pet dog at home

B．bring some food for the wildlife there

C．prepare for bad weather and emergencies

D．avoid crowded periods and book a hotel in advance

2. The underlined phrase “dispose of” probably means _______.

A．take care of	B．hide away
C．make use of	D．get rid of

3. If you need a fire on the Appalachian Trail, you should _______.

A．collect firewood that is larger than your wrist

B．keep it small and drown it when you go away

C．burn or bury your trash before you leave

D．use it to drive away wildlife like skunks and bear

【推荐3】People do not analyze（分析） every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They try to find a solution by trial and error. However , when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in solving a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears（齿轮） ,the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decides that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gearwheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gearwheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.
1. What is the best title for this passage?

A．Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle

B．Possible Ways to Problem-solving

C．Necessities of Problem Analysis

D．Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem

2. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except __________.

A．recognize and define the problem

B．look for information to make the problem clearer

C．have suggestions for a possible solution

D．find a solution by trial or mistake

3. By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends to _________.

A．illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle

B．discuss the problems of his bicycle

C．tell us how to solve a problem

D．show us how to analyze a problem

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A．People do not analyze the problem they meet.

B．People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.

C．People may learn from their past experience.

D．People can not solve some problems they meet.

【推荐2】When men get together, they seldom talk about their feelings or inner thoughts. However, they talk about a lot, like their newest computer, how to repair their car, or even business.

Talk might move to the best place to find fish or women, jump to computer games, then continue to the sport of the season. They also like to tell jokes each other and spend a fair amount of time playing one-up and boasting (吹牛). Men seldom call each other to chat.

When man meets woman, he usually wants to make a good impression. Many single men try hard to carry on amusing, fun, and pleasant conversations. They use conversation to discover her interests and feelings in order to learn how to be attractive to her.

Some men, either out of nervousness or ignorance, spend most of the time talking about themselves, often appearing to show off their achievements or talk endlessly about their problems or work. Even the quietest man talks to his woman when love is new.

When women get together, they talk about feelings and relationships, their work and their family. They enjoy talking but also want the give and take of talk, then listen. Women often call each other to chat. Conversation is an important part of most women’s 1ives.

As relationships progress, however, many a man turns on the television and forgets how to talk. This raises anger and cry from his woman partner who says, “You never talk to me anymore.” Some men start talking. Many, however, mainly discuss their own achievements and problems.

When the woman starts talking about her favorite subjects: feelings, family, relationships, friends and her work, many men lose interest or bring the conversation back to themselves. Pretty soon, the man is back to staring at the television each night, wondering where his relationship has gone. The woman is talking to her friends, mom, sister, or neighbor, often about that very relationship and how she is hurting.

1. What can we know about men from the first two paragraphs?

A．They like to talk about practical matters.

B．They are willing to express their inner thoughts.

C．They prefer to take adventurous travels.

D．They often call each other to chat about work.

2. When some men are nervous in the conversation, they would mostly talk about __________.

A．themselves

B．the weather

C．education

D．science development

3. What is the same topic in both men’s and women’s talk?

A．Family.

B．Jokes.

C．Friends.

D．Work.

4. What is the best title of this passage?

A．How a Man Makes a Good Impression on a Woman.

B．Good Relationship between Men and Women.

C．Men talk; Women Talk; Do They Talk Together?

D．Talking, the Women’s Main Tool in Communication.

【推荐3】Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few—for example, the average among students is about six per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.

Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common. They often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favours and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.

In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.

1. According to the author,________.

A．all those who get on well with each other are friends

B．friends are closer than people who just get on well with each other

C．everyone understands clearly how to make friends

D．every student has 6 friends

2. To strengthen friendly relationship, people should ________.

A．support and understand each other	B．hold friendship ceremonies
C．make friends with those who are of the same age	D．get rid of differences in beliefs and attitude

3. In the second paragraph, “being on the same wavelength” means ________.

A．being on the same boat	B．having similar ideas, beliefs, attitudes and interests
C．keeping the same pace exactly	D．having similar background

4. Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

A．It takes time for people to become close friends.

B．People tolerate annoying habits of their friends.

C．Even friends may have differences of opinions.

D．Close friends never argue with each other.