The Internet has become part of modern life, bringing convenient services to everyone who can connect. While it seems hard to live without the Internet, it also brings new problems. For example, individuals, organizations and even governments can become targets of cyber attacks.
The past week marked China's sixth annual Cybersecurity Week, held from Sept 16 to 22 nationwide. The opening ceremony and major activities were held in Tianjin. First launched in 2014, the event was designed to raise public awareness of the importance of fighting online threats and cyber attacks. The theme of this year's event is "cybersecurity for the people and by the people".
The leaking (泄露）of personal information now stands out. " Efforts should be made to raise people's sense of fulfillment, happiness and security in cyberspace," said President Xi Jinping in an instruction for the event. "The country will safeguard the security of personal information and citizens' legal rights and interests in cyberspace. According to a report from the 2017 China Internet Security Conference, more than 90 percent of Android smartphones for sale in China contained serious safety bugs. Such flaws (缺陷)allow hackers to control entire phones and obtain the users' passwords, bank information and more.
To protect personal information, China issued its first cybersecurity law in June 2017. One key part of this law is meant to protect personal information. It rules that network operators are not allowed to leak, change or damage the personal information they gather. They are also not allowed to give personal information to others freely.
Apart from China, issuing laws to protect personal information and prevent junk electronic information is a common practice in other countries.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To introduce the new Internet-based problems. |
| B．To show readers a new Internet-based trend. |
| C．To make a list of new cybercrimes online. |
| D．To call for protection of personal security. |
| A．Android smartphones sales are on the decrease. |
| B．Personal data protection comes into focus. |
| C．Netizens are sensitive to online information. |
| D．Nearly all smartphones contain security flaws. |
| A．Website designers. | B．Illegal hackers. |
| C．Network operators. | D．Internet-based companies. |
| A．Foreign practices to safeguard cybersecurity. |
| B．Countries producing laws of national security. |
| C．Effective ways to deal with personal security. |
| D．Advice on how to avoid leaking personal data. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China — guochao, or “China-chic”.
It means the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture offered by homegrown Chinese brands. China chic came into the spotlight in 2018. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a fashionable look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately obtained attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent income growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since its founding.
Since then, the trend to hug home brands has spread rapidly to various sectors (领域) and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its milk, cosmetics (化妆品) and so on. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share,” said Shen Qinfeng, the company’s marketing manager.
This March, several Western brands refused to use Xinjiang cotton. To show national pride and cultural confidence, the “I support Xinjiang cotton” campaign spread across the country, Many Chinese turned to Chinese home brands that support Xinjiang cotton, like Li-Ning and Anta. No matter how the guochao trend changes, there’s one thing that won’t change; Behind the story is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of and growing confidence in national culture.
1. What is China-chic according to the text?| A．Increase in Chinese culture in fashion. |
| B．Young Chinese people’s preference for ancient culture. |
| C．The international popularity of products made in China. |
| D．The growing role of Chinese home brands in developing economy. |
| A．It took the lead in the world market. |
| B．It adopted Western design in its sportswear. |
| C．Its products had a trendy look with Chinese elements. |
| D．Its income hit the 10-billion yuan mark that year. |
| A．It upgraded its packaging. |
| B．It expanded into other fields. |
| C．It increased the variety of its candies. |
| D．I used childhood memories in advertisements. |
| A．Chinese products are better than Western ones. |
| B．Cheap and quality native materials are more popular. |
| C．Chinese home brands are facing a big problem. |
| D．Chinese people’s cultural confidence drives the guochao trend. |
【推荐2】
With your support today UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, can step up operations in Ukraine and neighboring countries to help people who are forced to flee their homes to escape the military action. Will you help civilians who are forced to flee? £80 could help provide emergency relief items such as shelter, bedding and tarpaulins.
To give £80 now, visit unrefugees.org. uk/ukraine-economist, call 0800-029-3883 or fill out and return the donation form.
The number of displaced people, both within Ukraine itself and in neighboring countries, is still growing every day. Families fleeing can only take so much with them. They will need support to survive far from home in incredibly difficult and dangerous conditions.
UNHCR's RESPONSE
UNHCR has worked in Ukraine since 1994 and has not left since. There are six UNHCR offices across the country, as well as three warehouses storing humanitarian supplies. Over 100 UNHCR staff are working in Ukraine to get support to families, with a similar number in neighboring countries and more set to follow. UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said:
“Hour by hour, minute by minute, more people are fleeing the terrifying reality of violence. Countless have been displaced inside the country. And unless there is an immediate end to the conflict, millions more are likely to be forced to flee Ukraine. . .
“Inside Ukraine, our staff--and other humanitarians--are working where and when they can in frightening conditions. Our staff stay, even at great risk , because we know the needs in the country are huge. . . UNHCR staff have already moved in throughout the region and are scaling up our protection and assistance programmes for refugees, in support of host governments. ”
YOU CAN HELP NOW
The support of people like you has helped UNHCR send relief items in by land and by air, but the needs are huge, and growing every day. UNHCR urgently needs more resources.
Your support today can help ensure that people forced to flee their homes are sheltered and safe.
1. How can you help those displaced people?| A．By donating 80 pounds. |
| B．By providing emergency relief items. |
| C．By visiting unrefugees.org.uk. |
| D．By stepping up operations in Ukraine. |
| A．It helps people to escape the military action. |
| B．It has worked in Ukraine for more than 30 years. |
| C．There are now over 200 UNHCR staff in Ukraine and neighboring countries. |
| D．There are six UNHCR offices in Ukraine and neighboring countries. |
| A．To introduce UNHCR. |
| B．To seek support and donation. |
| C．To reveal the current situation in Ukraine. |
| D．To recruit volunteers. |
【推荐3】Do parents have a constitutional right to homeschool their children? No, according to a California District Court judge, who recently ruled that a child must be schooled "by a person holding a valid state teaching credential for the grade being taught”.
What started as a Los Angeles County child welfare case involving one specific family has gone into proceedings that have actually put on trial the very nature of what constitutes a sound education. “For decades we’ve been happily homeschooling, and then this comes up suddenly,” says Mary Griffith, a homeschooling parent. Griffith says California had traditionally given homeschooling parents the freedom to choose the kind of education they want for their child.
This particular family in Los Angeles had enrolled their children in a private school independent study program not in their home. In response to abuse charges against the family, the children were enrolled in public schools. The parents stated they had a constitutional right to homeschool on religious grounds; that's when the court ruling was issued. However, Griffith says if the ruling ends up affecting anyone, it will mainly be those who also enroll their children in off-site homeschooling. “This won't be far-reaching for homeschooling parents."
That's how organizations like the Homeschool Association of California (HSC) would like to keep it, anyway, and they've hired a team of lawyers to limit the impact of the case. Griffith says the legal team for HSC is trying to establish that while this ruling may indeed be necessary for this particular family, it should not set a precedent for all.
What does this case really mean for homeschooling families nationwide? According to Darren A. Jones, this decision is certain to affect homeschooling on a national scale. Jones claims that it is common for state courts to look to other states’ rulings for assistance in deciding issues where no precedent exists. “A poor legal decision in California could become part of a trend across the nation.’’
1. In Griffith’s opinion, ________.| A．parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children |
| B．a child must be schooled by an expert with a credential |
| C．homeschooling should be forbidden in the whole country |
| D．it is understandable for parents to homeschool their children |
| A．parents happily homeschool their children |
| B．parents don’t have a right to homeschool their children |
| C．a child must be schooled by a person with a teaching credential |
| D．a Los Angeles County child welfare case involves a special family |
| A．To avoid the abuse charges against them. | B．To receive the better education in it. |
| C．To break away from their parents. | D．To cooperate with the expert’s jobs. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Sympatric. | C．Negative. | D．Objective. |
【推荐1】About 230 whales beached themselves on the western part of the Australian island of Tasmania. It is the second such incident in recent days. At least half are alive and animal officials are working to rescue them. They are trying to understand why the whales got stuck.
The whales are stuck on Ocean Beach near Macquarie Harbor in the western part of Tasmania. About two years ago, 470 whales became stuck on sand in the same area. That time, about 100 whales were saved but the rest died.
The whales are pilot whales, which weigh between 1,000 and 2,000 kilograms and measure over 6 meters. Pilot whales are the species that most often get stuck in large numbers. Some scientists believe it is because they travel in large groups and follow a leader.
A team from the Marine Conservation Program was heading to the area to help the whales. The harbor does not have deep water and its entrance is known by locals as Hell’s Gate.
Linton Kringle is a salmon farmer who once helped with the rescue in 2020. He told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation this year’s work would be more difficult. That time, he said that the whales were in the harbor, so people could reach them easily on boats. This time, they are outside of the safe area, on a beach, which means it will be harder to get boats near them. “It’s too shallow (浅的) and too rough. My thoughts would be to try to get them onto a vehicle if we can’t get them swim out,” Kringle added.
Vanessa Pirotta is a wildlife scientist who studies animals like whales and dolphins. She said the fact that the whales have gotten stuck around the same place during the same part of the year, suggesting there might be something environmental here.
1. What puzzles animal officials most?| A．The number of beached whales. | B．The cause of whales’ beaching. |
| C．The times of whales’ beaching. | D．The way to rescue beached whales. |
| A．Their group travel habits. | B．Their heavy weights. |
| C．Their poor eyesight. | D．Their long bodies. |
| A．There aren’t so many rescue workers. |
| B．The entrance is known as Hell’s Gate. |
| C．Making them swim back to the sea is almost impossible. |
| D．The whales in danger are too far away to reach by boat. |
| A．To introduce pilot whales. |
| B．To call on people to protect whales. |
| C．To recommend a suitable rescue method. |
| D．To tell an incident about whales’ beaching. |
【推荐2】Shanghai residents （居民） passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu district earlier this month might have discovered an unusual sight a “walking” building.
An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology named the “walking” machine.
In the city’s latest effort to protect historic structures, engineers used nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-story building, according to Lan Wuji, chief technical supervisor of the project.
The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which in turns rise up and down, like the human step. The sensors （感应器）help control how the building moves forward, said Lan.
In recent years, China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildings destroyed to clear land for skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage （遗产）loss as a result of destruction across the country.
It is true Shanghai has been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous bund district and 19th-century “shikumen”（or “stone gate”） houses in the repaired Xintiandi neighborhood has offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.
The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou district, which was then considered to be Shanghai’s most complex relocation project to date.
The Lagena Primary School, which weighs 7, 600 tons, faced a new challenge-it’s T-shaped, while previously relocated structures were square or rectangular（长方形的）, according to Xinhua.
Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”, Xinhua said.
1. Why did the 85-year-old primary school have to be moved?| A．To make room for modern buildings without destroying it. |
| B．To meet the new requirements of the school. |
| C．To protect it better as it is a cultural heritage. |
| D．To give the old building a new life… |
| A．By reducing the weight of it. | B．By using movable supports. |
| C．By dividing it into several parts. | D．By using robotic legs. |
| A．China’s rapid modernization leads to the architectural heritage loss. |
| B．The move of the primary school is the first example of heritage protection. |
| C．The different shape of the primary school adds difficulty to its move. |
| D．The move of the primary school is Shanghai’s most complex relocation project. |
| A．A news report. | B．A science review. |
| C．A travel magazine. | D．A geography book. |
【推荐3】With the weather getting hot, bites caused by mosquitoes (蚊子) not only annoy people, but can result in many infectious diseases. Even when people wear long clothes, mosquitoes’ complex biting mechanism enables them to bite through clothes.
It would be great if clothing could be used to completely prevent people from getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene (石墨烯), a material that is incredibly thin but really strong, in order to find out if it can make clothing resistant (有抵抗力的) to mosquitoes.
In the lab experiment, volunteers exposed a small patch of skin on their arms or hands to roughly 100 miosquitoes for five minutes at a time. Researchers tested three different situations: volunteers wearing no protection, wearing cheesecloth (薄纱棉布), or wearing cheesecloth plus a thin graphene layer under it.
A video camera was then used to record and quantify mosquitoes’ behavior, including whether they landed on the skin, how long they stayed there, and whether they began to suck blood. The number of bites each volunteer got was also calculated based on how many swellings developed on their skin afterward. Finally, researchers dropped a little water or sweat on top of the graphene layer and studied the consequence, and they also tested a slightly different graphene layer called “reduced graphene”.
As a result, the number of mosquito bites on naked skin was the highest, about 16 on average;skin only protected by cheesecloth got the second, about 10 per five minutes’ exposure. The exciting finding was that there was no swelling (肿胀) developing on skin covered by the thin graphene layer under cheesecloth, which means the material is effective at preventing mosquito bites. The mosquitoes landed on skin totally uncovered or covered in cheesecloth about 23 times on average, and stayed for one to two minutes. Comparatively, the mosquitoes landed on skin covered in the graphene layer fewer than 10 times, and the length of their stay was much shorter. Besides, water or sweat can ruin the graphene layer, which allows mosquitoes to bite through it. But fortunately, the number of mosquito bites in either dry or wet conditions can be lowered as long as the graphene material is improved to a certain extent.
1. What is the purpose of this experiment?| A．To compare different types of materials. |
| B．To test if graphene can stop mosquito bites. |
| C．To find useful ways to keep mosquitoes away. |
| D．To find some materials to prevent mosquito bites. |
| A．Why graphene is a useful material. | B．How the experiment was conducted. |
| C．How a video camera was used. | D．What the final conclusion was. |
| A．Applying water to graphene. | B．Adding a thin graphene layer. |
| C．Making the graphene layer dry. | D．Improving the graphene material. |
| A．A book review. | B．A travel magazine. |
| C．An official document. | D．A news report. |
【推荐1】Fungi(菌类) are a group of organisms that have no leaves or flowers. In fact, fungi do not even share the green color that most other plants display. Scientists say that there are over 1.5 million different species of fungi in the world. One interesting thing is that they often interact with other organisms in order to survive. These relationships are at times beneficial to both organisms. Other times, the fungus benefits without causing harm to the other organism.
At first, many gardeners would be concerned to know that their plants were colonized (聚居) by a fungus. This is because some fungi can cause plants to die. In fact, the Irish Potato Famine was caused by a fungus that killed entire crops of potatoes. However, many plants actually depend on certain types of fungi to stay fit. The reason for this has to do with how fungi gain food. Unlike green plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They must absorb minerals from the soil, and when they do this, they draw the nutrients closer to the roots of the plant, so the plant is able to use them as well. The fungus also benefits from this relationship. Using the minerals from the soil, as well as sunlight, the plant is able to produce sugar and other nutrients: Then the fungus absorbs the nutrients from plant roots and uses them to survive.
Still, for some fungus species, contact with other organisms is essential. And though the fungi do not provide any benefits for the other organism, they do not harm it either. One example of this is a species called pilobolus. This fungus relies on other animals to help it reproduce. The pilobolus grows in animal waste. When it becomes mature (成熟的), it shoots its spores (孢子) away from the waste pile. The spores land in the grass where there are cows. The spores are eaten by the animal but do not grow while inside the stomach. They travel through the body of the animal until they are passed in another area, where they continue to grow.
1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Organisms. | B．Scientists. | C．Species. | D．Fungi. |
| A．Fungi can make their own food. |
| B．Fungi can’t survive without plants. |
| C．Fungi neither benefit nor harm plants. |
| D．Fungi are sometimes dangerous for crops. |
| A．To show how fungi can be harmful. |
| B．To prove that fungi can be found anywhere. |
| C．To explain how a type of fungus reproduces. |
| D．To give an example of animals that eat fungi. |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．An animal magazine. |
| C．A research paper. | D．A finance report. |
【推荐2】Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. . It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may, be a game of some·kind, football, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult, mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship,and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment.is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between teams of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously team work. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?| A．Differences between Golf and Mountaineering. |
| B．Sports and Games. |
| C．Mountaineering. |
| D．Why are so many people crazy about mountaineering? |
| A．mountain climbers usually compete in,groups |
| B．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing |
| C．mountaineering climbers are free to use their own rules to climb |
| D．mountaineering is a sport not a game |
| A．there are no man-made rules, for mountaineers |
| B．mountaineering is a sport and not a game |
| C．it is one of the most dangerous sports |
| D．mountaineering bring us more enjoyment than other sports |
【推荐3】Volunteer Day
What better way is there to enjoy your own hobbies while helping others at the same time? Come to Volunteer Day and choose an activity you’d like to join for the day. See below for a schedule of events on Volunteer Day.
Volunteer Day Schedule:
■7:30 a.m.: Meet at the Community Center for juice and bagels.
■8；00-8：30 a.m.: Choose which activity you’d like to help with for the day.
■8:30 a.m.: Board the bus to your activity site.
■9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.: Work as a volunteer.
■3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center.
See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join.
A list of volunteer activities:
Paint Houses: Happy Homes is a local organization that provides home painting. For elderly or physically disabled people who cannot do repairs to their homes. Happy Homes provides volunteer painters to repair old houses.
Plant flowers: Help plant flowers and bushes in city parks, help lay paths at Cave Springs Park, or help pick up rubbish around the river banks.
Read to children: Love and Learning is an organization that provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children four to six years old, or read one-on-one with struggling readers seven to eight years old.
Play with animals: Lovely Friends is an organization that visits local animal shelters and provides volunteers to spend time with the animals while their cages are being cleaned.
1. At what time do volunteers leave for their activity sites?| A．7:30 a.m. | B．8:00 a.m. |
| C．8:30 a.m. | D．9:00 a.m. |
| A．Plant flowers | B．Paint houses |
| C．Read to children | D．Play with animals |
| A．Read books to children. | B．Spend time with animals. |
| C．Help plant bushes in parks. | D．Pick up garbage along the river |
| A．educate children | B．attract volunteers |
| C．comfort the elderly | D．encourage the disabled |
【推荐1】Rich, heavy food is a major part of the end of the year holidays in the United States. People in the U. S. celebrate Thanksgiving on the third Thursday of November. People around the world celebrate Christmas on December 25. Both holidays involve(包含) traditions of cooking very large meals. The food at these meals usually has lots of sugar, salt, and butter in it. Turkey and pie are some of the most common foods in these holidays.
Terri Price has hosted a holiday party on the last Saturday before every Christmas for 30 years. It started when her children were very, very small. She has been preparing many of the dishes for most of the 30 years.
But over time, some traditions do change. The Neveldines are a family who hope to be healthier by changing what they eat. Mick Fury, the Neveldine’s oldest child, said this change is important during the holidays and the rest of the year, too.
Mick and his wife, Michelle, try to eat only organic food. Organic food is any plant or animal food product made without the use of unnatural chemicals or processes. But, Mick is not the only Neveldine who changed their diet. Felicia Neveldine, Mick’s sister, decided nine years ago to become a vegan. A vegan is a person who does not eat or use animal products of any kind.
Felicia became a vegan because of her concern for the treatment of animals and the environmental effects of animal farming. She said that her change in diet also improved her health.
Choosing these special diets means the Neveldines choose their foods carefully. Mick grows a garden behind his house where he gets fresh vegetables.
Holiday traditions may not change, but the way these traditions happen just might.
1. Which of the following best describes the food in American traditional holidays?| A．Delicious to eat and welcome by all. |
| B．Traditional in holidays but too wasteful. |
| C．Too rich in nutrition and large in quantity. |
| D．Good in taste and beneficial to health. |
| A．They have turned healthier. | B．They have become less tasty. |
| C．They have remained the same. | D．They have grown unhealthy. |
| A．Convenience. | B．Safety. |
| C．Cost. | D．Taste. |
| A．健康 | B．志愿者 |
| C．语言 | D．素食主义者 |
【推荐2】A shop owner placed a sign above his door that said: “Puppies For Sale.” Signs like this always have a way of attracting young children, and to no surprise, a boy saw the sign and approached the owner.
“How much are you going to sell the puppies for?” he asked.
The store owner replied, “Anywhere from $30 to $50.”
The little boy pulled out some change from his pocket. “I have $2.37,” he said. “Can I please look at them?”
The shop owner smiled and whistled. A lady ran down the aisle of his shop followed by five tiny balls of fur.
One puppy was lagging considerably behind. Immediately the little boy singled out the lagging puppy and said, “What’s wrong with that little dog?”
The shop owner explained the puppy was disabled by nature and it would always be lame. The little boy became excited. “I’ll buy it.” The shop owner said, “No, you don’t want to buy that little dog. If you really want him, I’ll just give him to you.” The little boy looked straight into the store owner’s eyes, pointing his finger, and said, “I don’t want you to give him to me. That little dog is worth every bit as much as all the other dogs and I’ll pay full price. In fact, I’ll give you $2.37 now, and 50 cents a month until I have him paid for.”
The shop owner countered, “You really don’t want to buy this little dog. He is never going to be able to run and play with you like the other puppies.”
To his surprise, the little boy reached down and rolled up his pant leg to reveal a badly twisted, crippled left leg supported by a big metal brace. He looked up at the shop owner and softly replied, “Well, I don’t run so well myself, and the little puppy will need someone who understands!”
1. From the passage we can infer ______.| A．The owner persuaded the boy out of buying the lame dog. |
| B．The dog was badly treated because it was different from other dogs. |
| C．The boy decided to pay the owner at least $30 for the lame dog. |
| D．The boy decided to pay off the rest of the money in a month. |
| A．Because the boy was disabled as well. |
| B．Because the puppy recovered one day. |
| C．Because the lady sold the disabled puppy. |
| D．Because the boy refused his offer. |
| A．said | B．argued | C．yelled | D．persuaded |
| A．love | B．kindness | C．generosity | D．understanding |
【推荐3】For Deaf People, Face Masks with Windows Mean More Than Smiles
For the last few months, Michael Conley has felt very alone. Conley is a deaf man, and he reads lips to understand what people are saying to him. However, people have been wearing masks to help slow the spread of COVID-19, a new virus that spreads from person to person when infected people breathe out virus particles (颗粒).
People who are deaf and hard of hearing communicate in many different ways. Some might learn to read lips. Many people also use American Sign Language (ASL). It is a way to communicate using gestures and signs for people who are deaf and hard of hearing.
For both reading lips and ASL, being able to see someone's face and facial expressions is critically important. Particularly for ASL, facial expressions play a role in grammar and wording.
Helping Lip Readers See Mouths Move
Conley told his co-worker, Chris LaZich, about his situation. LaZich asked her friend, Helton, for help. Ingrid Helton is a costume designer with the San Diego Opera. She makes masks with plastic windows for hearing people to wear, making it possible for lip readers to see mouths move.
For a long time, lip readers have struggled to understand hospital workers who wear masks. The problem has only gotten worse during COVID- 19. Many interpreters for the deaf have not been able to enter hospitals because they could catch the virus.
More Challenges For Deaf People
Now, more people are wearing masks outside of hospitals, too. This creates even more challenges for deaf people.
When people began wearing masks, Conley felt cut off from the world. Since he could not read lips, he did not know when people were speaking to him or what they were saying.
Conley was nervous to go to the pharmacy or the grocery store. Once, he felt so nervous to enter his favorite restaurant that he waited outside for 45 minutes. He did not know what he would do if a masked worker asked him questions about his order. Luckily, the employee recognized him and pulled down her mask to talk to Conley. Conley was grateful for her action.
Not everyone knows Conley, though, and would not know he is deaf. He carries pieces of paper with him so he can ask people to write what they are saying. This way, other people don't have to remove their mask. However, it also means touching the same paper, Touching common surfaces can spread germs. Spreading germs risks contracting COVID-19. Because of that, Conley was refused service many times.
“It makes you lose your confidence,” said Conley, who has been deaf his entire life. However, Helton's windowed masks helped him get his independence back. Conley and his co-worker, Chris LaZich, tried out the masks and he had no trouble reading LaZich's lips.
1. Where can you probably read the passage?| A．In a newspaper. | B．In a diary. |
| C．In a guidebook. | D．In a medical report. |
| A．He felt the situation couldn't be changed. | B．He felt it difficult to recognize people. |
| C．He felt cut off from the world. | D．He felt lonely and angry. |
| A．To help them meet other deaf people. | B．To keep them safe from COVID-19. |
| C．To comfort them emotionally. | D．To satisfy their social needs. |
| A．Soon she started her company called Happy Laugh Masks. |
| B．The windowed masks helped slow the spread of the virus. |
| C．Through her mask's window, LaZich smiled at him. |
| D．Helton said store owners liked the masks as well. |
