For athletes and volunteers, next year’ s Tokyo Olympics could become known as the Get-Up-Early Games.
Hoping to beat the summer heat in the Japanese capital, organizers said on Tuesday they will start the men’s 50-kilometer race walk final at 5:30 am, while the men’s and the women’ s marathon finals will go at 6 am. The men's and the women's triathlon start at 7:30 am. The women's softball has games scheduled for 9 am, but no men's baseball games will start before noon. Softball and baseball were dropped after the 2008 Olympics, and are appearing because of their popularity in Japan.
The 1964 Tokyo Olympics were held in the autumn and did not face heat problem. Modern Olympics can no longer be held during that time, avoiding Europe's crowded soccer schedule, and year-round scheduling of baseball, basketball and hockey in the US Koji Murofushi, sports director of the Tokyo Games, said organizers had consulted about scheduling with the International Olympic Committee (IOC). "Athletes, when they know the schedule ahead of time, can make adjustments (调整) to their preparations, "he said.
The swimming finals will begin at 10:30 am. The swim schedule has nothing to do with the heat and will follow the pattern of the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Organizers say the first gold medal event will be the women's 10-meter air rifle, which will take place on July 25 — the day after the opening ceremony. Organizers have labeled Aug 8 — the day before the closing ceremony — as "Super Saturday", with about 30 finals, the most of any single day. Finals will include the men's basketball, the men's soccer and the men's baseball.
The most difficult event to schedule might be surfing, which is a four-day competition. The schedule changes depending on the wave conditions.
1. The organizers of the Tokyo Olympics will start some events earlier EXCEPT_________ .| A．the women's marathon finals | B．the men's triathlon |
| C．the women's softball games | D．the swimming finals |
| A．give athletes time to prepare | B．meet the needs of athlete |
| C．avoid famous competitions | D．beat the summer heat |
| A．The baseball game was cancelled at two Olympic Games. |
| B．The closing ceremony is scheduled on Aug 8. |
| C．Surfing which is easy to schedule is a four-day competition. |
| D．The men's basketball will take place before “Super Saturday” |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】In every Summer Olympics since 1952, with two exceptions, the host country has won not only more golds but also more medals than it did in the previous summer games. Japan, who hosted this year's games, won far more medals than it got from the previous Summer Olympics in Rio in 2016. Brazil more than doubled its golds in 2016. In the 2008 games in Beijing, China harvested 37 more than it took home in 2004. Only Finland, in 1952, and the United States, in 1996, saw their medal counts drop at home. Why?
The biggest plus to competing at home is the positive energy from a supportive crowd, according to athletes. Briana Scurry, a former goal keeper for the US women's national soccer team, said playing in the US during the 1996 Summer Olympics helped her team beat China to win gold that year. "We had 76, 000 people at the final in Athens, Georgia, all cheering for us, while China had a much smaller cheering audience, "she said.
Another reason that can hurt athletes from other countries is travel. International 7
competitions often require long flights across multiple time zones, which can influence their sleep. Foreign athletes may also be unaccustomed to the food and training equipment available at the competition. Even the weather may throw off a competitor used to a different climate. The host countries have additional benefits to help their athletes succeed. Competitors from host countries have to meet lower qualification standards than their foreign competitors. That may contribute to the phenomenon of host countries sending much bigger teams to their Olympics than the previous summer games when they competed abroad.
Japan got yet another benefit this year thanks to a new policy adopted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2016, which allows the host countries to add several new sporting events to their games. It meant that baseball, softball, karate, skateboarding, sports climbing and surfing—all popular sports in Japan-were Olympic events in Tokyo. And Japanese athletes have already medaled in four of the six sports.
1. Which host country got fewer medals than it did in the previous Summer Olympics?| A．Japan. | B．China. | C．Brazil. | D．The US. |
| A．Bigger supportive crowds. | B．Having shorter flights and better sleep. |
| C．Lower qualification standards. | D．Being more used to the food and climate. |
| A．The newly added sports are popular all over the world. |
| B．Host countries may unfairly benefit from the new rule. |
| C．Host countries can select any sport for the competition. |
| D．The new rule adds an additional variety to the competition. |
| A．To explain the Olympics' new rules. | B．To show the problems of IOC's policy. |
| C．To review the host countries' performances. | D．To analyze the benefits for the host countries. |
【推荐2】Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and Richard Branson have a combined net worth of 400 billion, roughly the size of the GDP of the entire nation of Ireland. And all three men have decided to put vast sums of their wealth into chasing their space travel dreams, creating a modern space race in which ultra — rich men — rather than countries — shoot for the stars.
But why the three billionaires choose the crazy plan? Just for the travel dreams? It’s not that simple.
As we all know, the space travel is a mirror of comprehensive national strength, whether it’s the cold war or the present. The first space race spanned multiple presidents and premiers — Kennedy, Krushchev, Brezhnev, Nixon. It made heroes of astronauts and cosmonauts, and it focused national prides. But obviously, this year’s race between the billionaires features none of that national pride or opposing ideas. It’s tax — averse tycoons (大亨) who want to sell high — priced tickets to rich people interested in experiencing weightlessness. Amazon’s Bezos has said he is funding his portion by selling off large chunks of his Amazon stock (股票) — 1 billion or more a year.
What are the odds? If anyone is taking bets on how this will end, and who will have the more profitable space tourism business, consider Amazon’s method of making very little profit in order to eat up competition. So, from this point of view, what’s hiding behind this crazy race is business. As a method of expand influence, it is not a bad idea.
Richard Branson has carried out his plan on July 12, and Jeff Bezos announced that he will start his space travel on July 20. Bezos is getting some good press because he’s taking Wally Funk along for the ride. She’s the pilot now in her 80s who was kept out of space in the 1960s because she’s a woman. This may be a bonus for him. As for Musk, he thinks these two above are not real space trips, he wants a larger move.
Who will win the race in the end? Let’s wait and see.
1. Which of the following people might be the potential client of the space travel?| A．Daisy aged 45 with a heavy debt. |
| B．Clarkson who doesn’t enjoy taking risks. |
| C．Billy aged 60 with an ample retirement pension. |
| D．Alexander who knows nothing about space travel. |
| A．Age. | B．Gender. | C．Height. | D．Disposition. |
| A．Profit — driven. | B．Meaningless. | C．Foolish. | D．Generous. |
| A．Revolved. | B．Turned down. | C．Entered. | D．Leapt through. |
【推荐3】Young Writers Awards
About the Contest
Bennington College has a unique literary tradition. We’ve had twelve Pulitzer Prize winners, three US poet laureates, four MacArthur Geniuses, and two of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people. In celebration of this, Bennington launched the Young Writers Awards to promote excellence in writing at the high school level. Students are invited to enter with the following work:
•Poetry: A group of three poems
•Fiction: A short story (1,500 words or fewer) or one-act play
•Nonfiction: A personal or academic essay (1,500 words or fewer)
A first-, second-, and third-place winner is selected in each category. We welcome participation of both US and international students.
Awards & Rules
First-place winners in each category are awarded a prize of $1,000; second-place winners receive $500; third-place winners receive $250.
•No charge for entrance. Fees for accidents caused by participants are required.
•All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher. We will use your teacher as a contact for the competition should we have any questions. For homeschooled students, please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions.
Young Writers Awards finalists and winners are also qualified for undergraduate scholarships at Bennington. Young Writers Awards finalists who apply and gain admission to Bennington will receive a $10,000 scholarship every year for four years, for a total of $40,000. Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000.
1. What can be learned about the Young Writers Awards?| A．It rewards three winners at last. |
| B．It’s a tradition of Bennington College. |
| C．It accepts participants worldwide. |
| D．It offers scholarships to undergraduates. |
| A．Hand in a personal essay. | B．Have related writing experience. |
| C．Pay an entry fee on time. | D．Find a teacher to help with the entry. |
| A．$10,500. | B．$15,500. |
| C．$40,500. | D．$60,500. |
【推荐1】Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music.
A recent study suggests that preterm(早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. Experts led by Dr. Manoj Kumar of the University of Alberta, Canada, found that music had a beneficial effect on reducing pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations.
Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help recover from brain injuries. As a different and effective treatment, doctors often advise such patients to listen to good music to improve the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological(神经系统的) disorders hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk.
Though music cannot make deafness disappear, it really can stave off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference gets clearer with age. This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.
Besides, music mends a broken heart. It is not about a thrown-away love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart attack or heart operation by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and reducing anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves the movement of blood, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular(心血管的) system.
1. How does music affect preterm babies?| A．It helps reduce their pain. |
| B．It helps develop their potential in music. |
| C．It helps improve their hearing systems. |
| D．It helps repair their neurological systems. |
| A．lead to | B．build up | C．put off | D．push ahead |
| A．It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work. |
| B．It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety. |
| C．It helps make a person feel optimistic about life. |
| D．It can help patients recover in a slow way. |
| A．Who can benefit from music |
| B．The best time to listen to music |
| C．The way to choose quality music |
| D．How music affects our mind and body |
【推荐2】Nowadays, cars are playing an increasingly important role in daily life and many societies would stop functioning without them. So, the claim that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by governments but also by car manufacturers.
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2040 all cars will be computerized, which will mean extremely large fuel savings, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davis, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air and caused more deaths turn both world wars put together.
Davis says cars will be fitted with intelligent cruise control devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. Brakes and accelerators will become redundant (多余的) because the car will automatically speed up or slow down to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people so that the roads can be made the best of.
By 2030 Dr. David Davis believes car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road whatever the weather conditions by projecting an image of the road ahead onto the car’s windscreen. And by 2040 cars will travel in convoy linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronic tow (牵引) bar to the car in front to form “road-trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the ordinary fuel” says Davis. “But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”
1. We learn from the passage that governments and car manufactures_____________.| A．don’t believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020 |
| B．are devoted to the technological innovation in car industry |
| C．consider the predictions made by the researchers seriously |
| D．have put the super-intelligent car into mass production |
| A．There will be no brake and accelerator in cars. |
| B．We will own as many cars as we want. |
| C．All cars will be driven by computers. |
| D．Car accident will no longer happen. |
| A．cars play an important role in daily life |
| B．many societies would stop working without cars |
| C．cars should not be owned by one individual |
| D．it causes more and more pain to human society |
| A．Computer-driven cars can drive much closer together than cars driven by people |
| B．Motorists can have a clear view of the road whatever the weather conditions are. |
| C．We can change our own cars as frequently as possible |
| D．Intelligent cruise control devices can regulate the distance between one car and another. |
| A．in group | B．on road | C．side by side | D．one by one |
| A．Cars will slow down to match the speed of the cars in front. |
| B．The weather conditions won't have effect on motorists. |
| C．There will be a decrease in the pollution caused by car. |
| D．All trains will burn less fuel than present |
【推荐3】Introduced species have a bad reputation. It has been believed that the species mix in a particular place should remain as unchanged as possible. But this is just an opinion. Other opinions are possible. A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed. Specifically, he identifies several aspects for that.
Initially, whether introduced species provide direct human advantage is taken into account. Dr. Sax and his colleagues ignored crops, since their benefits are obvious. But they included transplanted grass species that have gone wild，yet provide grazing(牧草)for domestic animals, and introduced forest trees that produce wood for construction.
Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct. Pyne’s ground plum(李子)，native to a handful of sites in the central basins of Tennessee but now transplanted to others, falls into this category.
The last value is experienced on an emotional rather than a practical level. Lots of people feel good about native wildlife, which is generally the main motive for its conservation. But that feel-good factor can extend to introduced species as well. Such value can cut both ways, however. For example, ring-necked parakeets, an Asian and African species, have been spreading through Britain for several decades. Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.
In light of their analysis, Dr. Sax and his team therefore suggest that researchers studying introduced species should in future create a clear distinction in their studies between changes that have happened and judgments about the value of those changes. In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.
That done, many species will surely still be accused of possible damage. But others, badly thought of in the past, may not.
1. What is Dr. Sax’s study aimed to do?| A．Kecp track of introduced species. |
| B．Get introduced species fully understood. |
| C．Compare opinions on introduced species. |
| D．Identify consequences of introducing species. |
| A．To provide graze for local animals. |
| B．To produce wood for construction. |
| C．To build a new local ecosystem. |
| D．To save local species from dying out. |
| A．They don’t care about it. |
| B．They consider it acceptable. |
| C．They can’t put up with it. |
| D．They hold divided opinions on it. |
| A．Focusing on main values. |
| B．Evaluating evident changes. |
| C．Analyzing previous researches. |
| D．Presenting all-round assessments. |
【推荐1】New Jersey Botanical Garden Membership
It’s easy to join New Jersey Botanical Garden (NJBG) Membership or renew your membership online, by phone or by mail. And it’s so important to the Botanical Garden! Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and recreational (娱乐的) activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!
To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and membership category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.
If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at (973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure (Adobe Acrobat PDF file).
★Join NJBG Today
Membership Category | Individual | Dual (两人共用) | Student |
Annual Dues | $35 | $60 | $25 |
Special: Save $5 with Biennial Dues(两年会费) | $60 | $100 | $40 |
★Renew Your Membership
Membership Category | Individual | Dual | Student |
Annual Dues | $30 | $50 | $25 |
Special: Save $5 with Biennial Dues | $50 | $80 | $40 |
The Botanical Garden started life as Skylands, a large area in the grand manner. It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion (公馆) designed by John Russell Pope. Skylands has 96 acres of formal and naturalized gardens and is surrounded by over 1,000 acres of meadows (草坪) and woodlands. Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984, the gardens contain approximately 5,000 species and varieties of trees and flowers.
For you, the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place to visit where you may enjoy each season’s best. Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures, and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and country gardeners.
Your NJBG membership offers you discounts at participating nurseries, garden centers and other fine businesses. Simply present your NJBG membership card when beginning your purchase:
· Goffle Brook Farm and Garden Center, (201) 652-7540
10% off your purchase
· Metropolitan Plant Exchange, (973) 638-7613
12% off your purchase
· Rohsler’s Allendale Nursery & Florist, (201) 327-3156
15% off your purchase
1. The NJBG membership dollars can be used to ___________.| A．offer further education | B．update online payment |
| C．provide better service | D．protect the environment |
| A．(201) 327-3156 | B．(201) 652-7540 |
| C．(973) 962-9534 | D．(973) 638-7613 |
| A．$50 | B．$60 |
| C．$80 | D．$100 |
| A．was officially named in 1966 |
| B．was designed by John Russell Pope |
| C．invites members to organize activities |
| D．gives members discounts for their purchase |
【推荐2】If you are fond of learning languages, you must start learning Chinese. English is the most widely spoken language in the world and it is a more powerful language in all fields. But it is expected that Chinese, which is one of the six official languages of the United Nations (UN), will be the most important language in the coming years. What are the reasons behind the rapid spread of this language and why should you learn it?
I studied many Latin languages and in the process, I deepened my knowledge of the languages. And I gained a lot of information about the Western world. But I always felt I needed to learn Chinese to be a global citizen because “without learning Chinese, we see with one eye”.
My contact with many international organizations and government institutions made me believe that Chinese is one of the most important languages of our time. After visiting the capitals such as Paris and London, I discovered that Chinese language can be seen everywhere in these places. In the subway in Paris, you will hear instructions in French, English and Chinese. In London, for example, the Chinese language was introduced in schools.
China is an important political and economic country because it is making great economic progress that has never been seen before. The world is watching China with great surprise, and this peaceful Chinese rise makes us decide to focus on learning the Chinese language and knowing more about Chinese culture.
To be a global citizen these days, I would advise you to learn Chinese. It will add more beauty to your life and allow you to better understand Chinese civilization.
1. What can we learn about languages in the future according to the first paragraph?| A．Some of them will disappear. |
| B．More official languages will be added to the UN. |
| C．English will still have an advantage over others. |
| D．Chinese language will probably be second to none. |
| A．Paris is a wonderful capital city worth a visit. |
| B．Chinese learning is very popular in schools in London. |
| C．People in some western countries like speaking Chinese. |
| D．Chinese language is playing an important role in the world. |
| A．The rise of Chinese economy. | B．Their love for language learning. |
| C．Their curiosity about Asian culture. | D．The long history of Chinese civilization. |
| A．How to be a global citizen | B．Chinese — the language you must learn |
| C．What you should know about Chinese culture | D．Chinese economy—the most powerful engine |
【推荐3】For your next out-of-this-world vacation, you now have the option of literally going out of this world—but it’ll cost you $ 40 million. Then again, can you really put a price tag on having the time of your life? According to a new report from Popular Mechanics, Russia is looking to build a luxury hotel in outer space. There you will wake up to a breathtaking blue planet—the earth! The hotel is expected to be stationed on the International Space Station (ISS).
While space tourism itself isn’t exactly a novel idea, the notion of building a hotel out there hasn’t been raised before. Really, other companies are still focused on the transportation part of the puzzle — after all, a trip to space is enough for most folks.
According to Popular Mechanics, the hotel will include a luxury orbital suite with big windows, personal hygiene (卫生) facilities, exercise equipment, and yes, WiFi. Because if you can’t share your experience on social media, did it really even happen?
Of course, the reasons behind the hotel aren’t just for fun and games. Apparently, space tourism might be able to help the Russians pay for another module to add to the international Space Station. Russian space contractor RKK Energia is currently building the first such module, which will give scientists a laboratory and power supply station from which to conduct tests.
If any of this is going to happen, however, Russia is going to have to hurry. With the ISS expected to be out of use in 2028, there’s little time to build the hotel and find wealthy tourists to actually buy a trip into outer space.
So if you’ve recently come into a fortune and are interested in investing in what could be the time of your life, ISS is calling your name.
1. What do we know about the hotel from the first paragraph?| A．It is quite affordable. |
| B．It will be built in Russia. |
| C．It will offer an amazing view. |
| D．It costs $ 40 million to build. |
| A．An orbital suite. | B．Space tourism. |
| C．Space exploration. | D．A creative idea. |
| A．Hotel guests won’t be able to see into space. |
| B．Visitors are required to take exercise each day. |
| C．Space travel is not possible without the Internet. |
| D．Tourists tend to share traveling experiences online. |
| A．fun and games | B．financial support |
| C．space contractors | D．more time in space |
【推荐1】One day, I was in class, when all of a sudden my heart started racing. I broke out into a sweat, feeling hot and cold all over. My chest hurt, I was dizzy, and I felt like I couldn’t breathe. I jerked up from my desk and ran from the room, terrified. I didn’t care what the teacher thought, or that the eyes of the entire class were on me. I just had to get out of there.
I ran to the water fountain and drank some water. For several minutes, I just stood there holding on to the fountain. What was happening? Was I having a heart attack? Slowly, the lightheadedness went away. My heart stopped racing. I still had no idea what had happened.
And then, an hour later, once again it did the pounding heart, the dizziness, the feeling that I was dying. I burst into tears and ran for the hallway again. My teacher ran after me asking what was wrong. Panicking, I managed to choke out, “I need an ambulance, please.”
To my surprise, my teacher didn’t grab her phone for help. Instead, she put her hand on my arm and told me to slow down. “Breathe,” she said. “You’re going to be okay. You just need to calm down.”
Finally, my teacher explained that she was pretty sure I was having a panic attack. (They are also called anxiety attacks.) She knew, she said, because the same thing had happened to her when she was my age. She told me how she’d felt, and it was almost exactly how I was feeling now. She also explained that panic attacks are caused by anxiety.
My teacher talked to my parents, and they found me a counselor to deal with my anxiety. I’d been going through a tough time that year. My best friend had moved to a new school, and I wasn’t sure how to fit in with the girls in my class. I’d never told anyone, though—I just kept it to myself. My counselor helped me understand that not dealing with my feelings can lead to panic attacks, and that I need to talk to someone when my life is stressful. They all helped me sort things out.
By sharing my story, I want other girls my age to know that you’re not as alone as you feel, and that talking about it really does help.
1. What’s wrong with the author at the beginning of the story?| A．She caught a cold. | B．She couldn’t breathe. |
| C．She had a heart attack. | D．She suffered from a terrible anxiety. |
| A．Writing to a friend to tell him you are worried about the exam. |
| B．Calling your mom and tell her you are in a bad mood. |
| C．Keeping the quarrel between you and your classmate to yourself. |
| D．Visiting your teacher to tell her you could not catch her in class. |
| A．inform people of an anxiety attack |
| B．give advice on how to overcome an anxiety disorder |
| C．describe her feelings when suffering from a panic attack |
| D．help other girls who are going through what she went through |
| A．Chicken soup. | B．Teen Life. |
| C．Read for Fun. | D．Literary World. |
【推荐2】David Attenborough's Dynasties takes viewers to Antarctica to follow the emperor penguin. Why are there penguins in Antarctica and not the Arctic? The simple answer is that there are too many predators(食肉动物) in the Arctic. Animals who call the Arctic their home include the polar bear, arctic fox, grey wolf, etc. There are not many animals that could kill penguins in the Antarctic, which has allowed the species to survive there.
Different types of penguins can be found in Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and South Africa. The only species of penguin that lives north of the equator is the Galapagos Penguin.
Penguins have lived in the South Pole for thousands of years but once actually lived in the Arctic. According to Aurora Expeditions: "During the 19th century, several research groups tried to introduce penguins into the Arctic environment. However, because of the predators, the penguins couldn’t protect the eggs in their nest and the entire population died out after a couple of years.”
A now extinct flightless bird called the great auk was the only modern species in the genus (属) Pinguinus and its natural habitat was the North Pole. Although not closely related to penguins, the great auk shared many similarities such as a physical resemblance and being flightless. The species became extinct in the middle of the 19th century due to predation by polar bears and they were also prized by hunters for their feathers and eggs.
The documentary was filmed at Atka Bay in Antarctica. 11, 000 birds gather on the newly frozen sea ice in Atka Bay every year to face the Antarctic winter. Director Miles Barton said: "I think the film will be a surprise. I don't think anyone has shown just what a huge struggle it is for emperor penguins to bring up their chicks in what must be the worst condition on earth.”
1. What can we learn about penguins?| A．They are nearly extinct in the Arctic. |
| B．They have no enemies in the Antarctic. |
| C．Some of them live in the hottest part of the earth |
| D．Many of them can easily adapt to climate change. |
| A．Hunting. | B．Lack of food. |
| C．Climate change. | D．Losing their natural habitat. |
| A．Atka Bay is the perfect habitat for emperor penguins. |
| B．Emperor penguins are more aggressive than other penguins. |
| C．The film focuses on the efforts to protect emperor penguins. |
| D．It is a challenge for emperor penguins to survive in the Antarctic. |
| A．The protection of the Antarctic. |
| B．How a film about penguins is created |
| C．Why there are no penguins in the Arctic. |
| D．The introduction of different kinds of penguins. |
【推荐3】While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?| A．Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress. |
| B．Women are still suffering much stress caused by men. |
| C．Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress. |
| D．Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress. |
| A．domestic and temporary. | B．irregular and violent. |
| C．durable and frequent. | D．trivial and random. |
| A．Alvarez cared about nothing but making money. |
| B．Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses. |
| C．Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs. |
| D．Alvarez paid practically everything by check. |
| A．Strain of Stress: No Way Out? |
| B．Responses to Stress: Gender Difference |
| C．Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say |
| D．Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress |
