Who do you think the greatest teacher is in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today.
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children fromnoblefamilies could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled(困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said.
1. Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ___________.| A．he lived a poor life in his childhood | B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education |
| C．he traveled with his students from state to state | D．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period |
| A．poor | B．bright | C．rich | D．cute |
① Confucius worked to help his mother as a child. ② Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
③ Confucius’ father died. ④ Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history.
| A．③①④② | B．②③④① | C．①③②④ | D．④③①② |
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【推荐1】To Borrow Arrows with Thatched Boats
One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows（箭）in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows（稻草人）in line on the boats. He reminded Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu what was happening.
When Lu Su came again to see Zhuge Liang, he found nothing unusual. Nothing happened on the second day, either. In the small hours（凌晨）of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together with strong ropes. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river was covered with thick mist（雾）all over. People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp before dawn（黎明）, Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to shout and beat drums heavily to pretend an attack. But Zhuge and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves.
As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they mistook it for a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. Since they could see nobody on the river, they had to order 3,000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the unexpected attack. The front of the scarecrows was quickly full of arrows. After a while, Zhuge Liang had his fleet turned around to get the other side of the scarecrows to face the Cao camp. When both sides were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. The soldiers shouted in excitement, “Thank you, Cao Cao, for your arrows.” After they got back to their camp, they collected more than 100,000 arrows in total from the scarecrows.
1. How many days did Zhuge Liang need to make 100,000 arrows?| A．One day. | B．Two days. | C．Three days. | D．Ten days. |
| A．船帆 | B．甲板 | C．船桨 | D．船队 |
| A．Zhou Yu. | B．Zhuge Liang. | C．Lu Su. | D．Cao Cao. |
| A．the Zhou Yu camp started an attack |
| B．they could see each other on the river |
| C．they mistook the shouting and beating for a surprise attack |
| D．Lu Su beat the drums |
| A．Surprised. | B．Bored. | C．Tired. | D．Lonely. |
Born in New York in 1858, Theodore Roosevelt was not always healthy. “I was a sickly, delicate boy，” he once wrote. Roosevelt had a health condition called asthma(哮喘). He often found it hard to breathe. Instead of playing, he observed(观察) nature and then read and wrote about it. Roosevelt's interest in nature sometimes got him into trouble. Once, his mother found several dead mice in the icebox. She ordered him to throw them out. This was indeed “a loss to science”， Roosevelt said later.
Because Roosevelt was often sickly as a boy, his body was small and weak. When he was about 12, his father urged him to improve his body. Roosevelt began working out in a gym. He didn't become strong quickly. But he did decide to face life's challenges with a strong spirit. That determination stayed with Roosevelt his whole life. And finally his body did get strong. As an adult, he was an active, healthy person. He enjoyed adventures and loved outdoors. In 1900, at the age of 41, Roosevelt was elected Vice President(副总统). A year later, President McKinley was shot and killed. Roosevelt became the 26th president of the USA. At 42, he was the youngest leader the country had ever had.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．Roosevelt's museum had 12 specimens. | B．Roosevelt had a small museum as a boy. |
| C．Roosevelt was a brave man. | D．Roosevelt had two cousins. |
| A．He liked playing outdoors sports. | B．He was interested in observing nature. |
| C．He became the President in 1901. | D．He was a healthy person full of energy. |
| A．Roosevelt's mother liked mice | B．everyone with asthma is small and weak |
| C．Roosevelt followed his father's advice | D．working out in a gym is a waste of time |
| A．Improving Your Body. | B．Living with Asthma. |
| C．Small Museums of Natural History. | D．The Childhoods of America's Presidents. |
Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did fools' (傻瓜的) experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic (基础的) that other people just thought they were foolish?
Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or a problem．Sometimes, they really do know an answer, but without thinking it is important．
Charles Darwin didn't just think he knew something．And, he believed all things could be important no matter how simple they seemed to be．
Suppose you drop pieces of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape．If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way．Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other pieces．What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything．
But this simple experiment is important．It explains part of our present day understandings of physics (物理学) ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton．And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek (古希腊的) physics．
The scientist sometimes stops to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them．Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations (基础) of science．
1. The passage tells us that Charles Darwin ________．
| A．was a great English scientist |
| B．always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult |
| C．thought even the simplest thing was important |
| D．didn't get along well with others |
| A．throw away |
| B．receive |
| C．help with |
| D．learn from |
| A．show us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world |
| B．draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things |
| C．prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speed |
| D．draw our attention to everyday things around us |
| A．Darwin really did fools' experiments． |
| B．According to some people Darwin did foolish experiments． |
| C．It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple． |
| D．Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics． |
| Audrey Hepburn (1929—1993) Audrey Hepburn was a British actress and she was quite popular during the 1950s and 1960s. She was voted as one of the most beautiful woman of the twentieth century. In 1988, she began a new career and worked for UNICEF to help children in need. |
| J. K. Rowling (1965—) J. K. Rowling is a well-known British novelist who is best known for the Harry Potter series. It’s believed that her books have made reading become much more popular among British children. She wrote the first Harry Potter book as a single mother,trying to make some money to support her life. Finally, her writing led to her great success. |
| Tegla Loroupe (1973—) As a sportswoman, Loroupe from Kenya held the women’s marathon world record and won many marathons. Since she stopped running, Loroupe has worked to promote(促进) peace, education and women’s rights. In Kenya, Loroupe is widely praised for her efforts to end tribal conflict (部落冲突). |
| A．help kids in need | B．become a great actress |
| C．improve health care for women | D．create UNICEF with her friends |
| A．has paid for many girls’ education | B．won first place at her first marathon |
| C．holds the women’s marathon world record | D．has made an effort to end tribal conflict |
| A．All these women are from Britain. |
| B．Hepburn was popular because she was the most beautiful actress. |
| C．British children like reading more because of Rowling’s books. |
| D．Loroupe continued her education after she stopped running. |
【推荐2】Most great people are also famous people, but famous people may not be great people. A great person is someone who is always willing to give his or her life to others. Read the information below to learn about four great people.
| Sun Yat-sen (1866—1925), China He was the founder of the Republic of China in 1911 after many years’ fighting. He was a fighter throughout his life for the freedom of the Chinese people. He is called the “Father of the Nation”. |  |
| Nelson Mandela (1918—2013), South Africa He fought for black people and was in prison for nearly thirty years. He helped black people get the same rights (权利) as white people. He served as the president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first black president of South Africa. |  |
| Neil Armstrong (1930—2012), USA He was the first man to land on the Moon in July 1969. “That's one small step for a man, one big leap (跳跃) for mankind,” he said. |  |
| Norman Bethune (1890—1943), Canada Born in Canada but died in China, he was a great doctor fighting against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders (侵略者) during World War Ⅱ. He worked very hard for the Chinese people and saved many Chinese soldiers. |  |
| A．In 1969. | B．In 1994. | C．In 1999. | D．It’s not mentioned. |
| A．He was the first man to land on the Moon. |
| B．He was the founder of the first Republic of South Africa. |
| C．He helped black people get the same rights as white people. |
| D．He fought against American invaders during World War II. |
| A．Man landed on the Moon for the first time in July 1969. |
| B．Nelson Mandela fought all his life for the freedom of the Chinese people. |
| C．Famous people are all willing to help others. |
| D．Famous people must be great people. |
【推荐3】Oriana Fallaci was an Italian reporter, author, and interviewer. Different from other interviewers, she created a new method of interviewing. In her opinion, the best way of reporting is putting yourself in your report. “The reporter is also a center and an actor,” she once said. This special opinion helped her get the name of “the queen of news interviews”.
During World War II, she had a long and successful career. Fallaci became famous worldwide for her reporting of wars, and her interviews with many world leaders during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In 1988, her book Interview with History was published, which contains lots of long and penetrating (犀利的) interviews with many leaders worldwide. One of the leaders once described the interview with Fallaci as “the single most disastrous (灾难性的) conversation I have ever had.”
Fallaci became a special reporter for an Italian paper in 1946. In 1967, she worked as a war reporter, reporting many famous wars. “It was really an awful period of time for me. For many times, I thought my life would end in smoke and fires. At that moment, I just hoped those pictures and letters could be found by those who would find my body and make them known to the world,” Fallaci said.
Fallaci had received many awards in her life. On November 30th 2005, in New York City, Fallaci received the Annie Taylor Award. The Annie Taylor Award is awarded yearly to people who have shown unusual courage in bad conditions and great danger. Fallaci received many good comments as well as some bad ones. There is no doubt that she was one of the most famous reporters in the world.
1. Why was Fallaci special?| A．She had many different roles. | B．She was a political interviewer. |
| C．She had her own idea on reporting. | D．She was successful in news interviews. |
| A．Every leader in the world hated her. | B．Her interviews were hard to deal with. |
| C．She always made leaders feel pleased. | D．She was good at very short interviews. |
a. Fallaci published her book Interview with History.
b. Fallaci won the Annie Taylor Award.
c. Fallaci became a war reporter and reported famous wars.
d. Fallaci worked as a special reporter in an Italian paper.
| A．d-a-c-b | B．d-c-a-b | C．c-d-a-b | D．c-d-b-a |
| A．To let us learn something from wars. |
| B．To show us the awards Oriana Fallaci won. |
| C．To give us an introduction of Oriana Fallaci. |
| D．To tell us how Oriana Fallaci became successful. |
【推荐1】Studies show that language learning in babies is improved when parents speak more than a few simple words and use a wider vocabulary(词汇). Earlier research found that the style of speech used by parents to communicate with their baby could increase language development.
One such speaking style is known as "parentese". Research has shown that babies react (反应) better to this kind of language in the first months of life. Generally, "parentese" requires adults to speak in a higher voice and at a slower speed. The language is made easier to understand, while sentences are short and often repeated.
Can parents be taught good ways to improve their "parentese" skills? Patricia Kuhl, a professor of speech and hearing sciences, carried out a study on it. She says the purpose of the study was to find out whether a parent can be "trained" to create their own speaking style to improve language learning in children.
Naja Ferjan Ramirez helped lead the study. "Most parents know that the amount(数量) of language their child hears is important," Ferjan Ramrez said. "What we shared with them through training is that how they talk to their baby may matter even more."
For the study, parents were given a small recording device(设备), which they put inside a piece of their baby's clothing. All spoken communication from parents and the child was recorded. The recordings were made at three different periods of the child's life: when the child was six, ten and fourteen months old. The parents were divided into two groups: a control group and an intervention(干预) group. Those in the intervention group received training after their six and ten month recordings.
The study found that between the ages of six and fourteen months, trained parents increased the amount of speech directed to the child and their use of "parentese" by 15 percent. Parents in the control group showed less growth in those areas, about 7 percent.
1. What can parents do to improve their baby's language learning?| A．Communicate with their baby with a few simple words. |
| B．Communicate with their baby with a wider vocabulary. |
| C．Communicate with their baby using longer sentences. |
| D．Communicate with their baby in a gentle voice. |
| A．It means that adults talk with their babies in a lower voice. |
| B．It means that the language parents use becomes more difficult. |
| C．It means that adults talk with their babies more quickly. |
| D．It means that the sentences parents use are short. |
| A．The importance of the amount of language their child hears. |
| B．The importance of the type of language their child understands. |
| C．The importance of the way parents talk to their children. |
| D．The importance of high and low voices when parents talk to children. |
| A．What the study needed. | B．How the study was carried out. |
| C．The reason why the study was carried out. | D．The advantages of the study. |
| A．Trained parents are more likely(可能的) to improve their children's language learning. |
| B．Six to fourteen months is the best time to improve children's language learning. |
| C．Parents in the control group used more "parentese" than in the intervention group. |
| D．Trained parents needed to use "parentese" for at least fourteen months. |
Labor (劳动) education has received more and more attention in recent years.
As students, doing housework is the best form of labor. But some people think that students only need to study hard and should not waste time doing housework.
Second, doing housework can help us develop a hardworking spirit and help you learn some labor skills. In the future, these will be helpful to us.
Finally, the purpose of getting knowledge is to learn the skills we will need in the future.
President Xi Jinping once said, “The people’s life lies in hard work, and hard work leads to prosperity (繁荣).”
| A．We should help others to do something. |
| B．First, teachers often ask students to clean the classroom at school. |
| C．I think this idea is wrong. |
| D．It is very close to our lives. |
| E．First, teachers often ask students to study hard at school. |
| F．The same is true for students. |
| G．The more skills students have, the better they are. |
One morning, Wu Liang discovered that her classroom had changed. She found that the desks were no longer in rows, but pushed together to make eight bigger desks. She was so excited about it for the first two days that she couldn’t listen to the teachers carefully. But soon she and her classmates got used to this new classroom arrangement (安排). “Now our class is quieter,” said Wu. “What’s more, we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion. It’s a better way to study.”
Li Yu liked it, too. “Group members first discuss,” he said, “and then present to the whole class. It makes us believe in ourselves.” This was part of a reform (改革) at Li’s school. The school made this reform because they wanted to offer students easier ways to study and more chances to discuss. “Our school hopes to improve students’ abilities to study by themselves and work in groups.” said Zhang Ming, an English teacher.
However, the reform has demanded more from teachers. Now they have only 15 minutes to give a lesson that would have been taught in 45 minutes before. It is difficult to teach in such a short time. The teachers have to find better ways to teach more effectively.
“The reform demands more, but I’m sure it is helpful.” added Zhang Ming.
1. It was easier for Wu Liang to _____ in class after the new classroom arrangement.
| A．discuss with other students | B．sit in the classroom |
| C．push desks together | D．teach a lesson |
| A．larger space | B．easier ways |
| C．more seats | D．better classrooms |
| A．简单地 | B．明确地 |
| C．有效地 | D．认真地 |
| A．Wu Liang and her classmates like the new classroom arrangement. |
| B．The desks are no longer in rows now. |
| C．The reform has demanded more from teachers. |
| D．It’s easy for teachers to give a lesson in 15 minutes now. |
| A．Discussion in Class | B．New Look(面貌)in Class |
| C．Students’ Friendship | D．Teachers’ Hope |
【推荐1】As soon as I could walk, I climbed up a hill that was nearby to see where I was. Was I on a continent or an island? Were there people? Were there wild animals? From the top of the hill, I could see that I was on an island. The sea was all around me, and I could see no other land. I saw no sign of people on the island, nor any wild animals. There were a lot of birds, but I did not know what type of birds they were. I shot a large bird, but its meat was terrible. I could not eat it.
I returned to the raft (木筏) and made a small hut with the wood I got from the ship. It was not very strong, but I was afraid of wild animals attacking me during the night. It was almost low tide again, so I swam back to the ship and brought back another raft of valuable things. I got some nails and axes and a grindstone to keep the axes sharp. I also got some iron bars, a lot of clothes, and some more guns. I found a sail and a hammock. I made a new raft and brought everything to shore. When I returned, I saw an animal like a cat sitting on one of the boxes. It was not afraid of me. I gave it some food. It ate the food and walked into the forest. I made a tent with the sail and brought everything valuable into it. Then, I made a circle around it with boxes and pieces of wood to stop animals or people from attacking me during the night.
Every day, at low tide, I went back to the ship and got more things. I had a lot of rope, and I took all the sails. I was surprised to find more food and gladly brought that back to shore as well. Once, the raft tipped (倾斜) near the shore, and everything fell into the water. However, the water was not deep there, and I managed to save most of my things. It was very hard work. On the twelfth day, I found some scissors and knives as well as some money. While I was on the ship, the wind began to blow, and I was afraid that I would not be able to get back to the shore. I did not make a raft that day but swam back with the scissors, knives, and money. I knew the money was useless, but I took it anyway.
That night, there was a storm, and when I woke in the morning the ship was gone. The storm had broken it up. I was very pleased that I had worked so hard to get what I could from it.
1. Why did Robinson climb to the top of the hill?| A．To find out where he was. | B．To meet his new friends. |
| C．To cut woods to make a raft. | D．To look for places to sleep. |
a.Robinson made a tent with the sail.
b.Robinson built a small hut with the wood.
c.Robinson circled the tent with boxes and wood.
d.Robin soon brought back of valuable things.
| A．badc | B．adbc | C．bdac | D．adcb |
① food ② scissors ③ knives ④ books ⑤ money
| A．①③④⑤ | B．①②③⑤ | C．①②④⑤ | D．②③④⑤ |
4. This passage mainly tells us that Robinson ________.
| A．liked to make more rafts | B．wanted to protect wild animals |
| C．practised swimming hard | D．tried his best to live on the island |
【推荐2】Tammy’s body was shaking! Today was her first trip to the dentist. She didn’t know what to expect. What would happen? Would it hurt? Would she shout?
Mom said it wasn’t scary at all, but Tammy didn’t know. How bad would it be? The dentist would clean her teeth. Then he would take pictures of her teeth to see if they were rotten (腐烂的).
That didn’t sound too bad. She cleaned her teeth at home already. She liked to smile. She wanted clean teeth and didn’t want rotten teeth. Pictures and cleaning sounded OK with her.
At the office, many people were waiting. There was a fish tank to look at and magazines to read. She chose a magazine and found it interesting. She didn’t have to wait long, though. Soon it was her turn.
The dentist was a kind, old man. He smiled and Tammy sat in a special chair. There were lots of lights and tools. It didn’t make her comfortable when she opened her mouth. He looked really closely. He cleaned her teeth carefully and then took pictures of her teeth. Then she was done.
That was it? That wasn’t that scary. The dentist told her that she needed to come back again in six months.
“Sure. I will. I can come by myself!” Tammy smiled.
1. From the three questions in Paragraph 1, we can know Tammy was ________.| A．bored | B．worried | C．surprised | D．relaxed |
| A．She watched fish. | B．She read a magazine. |
| C．She talked with her mom. | D．She listened to music. |
| A．saw the tools | B．saw the chair | C．opened her mouth | D．waited for the dentist |
| A．alone | B．with her mother | C．the next week | D．the next month |
| A．A long wait | B．First trip to the dentist |
| C．Tammy’s questions | D．An unhappy experience |
Many people say the farmers who produce the vegetables,fruit,meat,eggs are responsible.But farmers explain that the rise in food prices is very small compared to the rise in their cost of living.Farmers think middlemen have got much more money than they do.Middlemen are those people who stand between the farmers and the people who buy and eat the food. For example truck drivers,owners of food stores and so on.Are middlemen really responsible for higher food prices?
Economists do not think so.They have found that the money that meat packers and food stores get is less than 1% in all.They say that food costs more now because modern housewives have jobs outside the home.They have less time for for cooking after a day′s work.They prefer to buy ready-made food.They want to buy many kinds of food that can be put on their dining tables easily and quickly.But of course they must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make their work easier.
It seems that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Quite a number of people share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.
1. Farmers speak for themselves because_________
| A．The middlemen have had the biggest share of profit(利润） |
| B．The cost of their products have risen sharply too |
| C．Their cost of living has gone up a lot,too |
| D．They’ve got very little in the rise of food prices |
| A．He agrees with the economists |
| B．He doesn’t think farmers are responsible |
| C．He thinks the middlemen might get a lot of profit. |
| D．He thinks all those people should be responsible. |
| A．quickly and carefully |
| B．suddenly and greatly |
| C．clearly and naturally |
| D．angrily and seriously |
| A．A farmer |
| B．A shopkeeper |
| C．A housewife |
| D．An economist |
