Walk or drive to work? Which way is lower in carbon (碳)? To be friendly to the environment, you may choose to walk. Have you ever tried to live a low-carbon life through your diet (日常饮食)?
A new study from the University of Oxford has looked into the health and environmental influences of 15 foods common in western diets. Among these, plant based (基于植物的) foods included fruits, vegetables, nuts and potatoes. It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.
According to the study’s lead researcher, Michael Clark, “Choosing better and greener diets is one of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment.” That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.
To get this result, researchers compared the influence of eating another portion (一份) of each food with the increased risk of a few illnesses. They also found out the environmental harm for each animal-based food and each plant-based food.
By using this method, the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods to the environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane (甲烷) that keeps 30 times more heat than CO2. As well as making the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.
Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way. According to the study, without eating or using meat and milk products, global farmland use could be cut down by more than 75% and still feed the world.
Speaking to the Guardian (英国卫报), Tim Benton of Chatham House (英国皇家国际事务研究所) said, “If we can give people reasonable official (官方的) advice of what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place.”
1. Which one is animal-based food?A.Milk products. | B.Fruits. | C.Potatoes. | D.Vegetables. |
A.Many people choose to walk to work. |
B.Plant-based diets are healthier and greener. |
C.The more we eat, the better the environment is. |
D.15 foods common in western diets are not healthy. |
A.The harm of CO2. | B.The risk of heart trouble. |
C.A reason for keeping animals. | D.Two disadvantages of red meats. |
A.问题 | B.害处 | C.益处 | D.赞扬 |
A.Teaching farmers to plant vegetables correctly. |
B.Offering doctors new methods to treat patients. |
C.Guiding people to lose weight by doing exercise. |
D.Giving official advice on health and environment. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
According to a new report, Americans drink more soda (苏打) than ever before. Do your parents ever try to limit how much soda you drink? Do they say drinking too much isn’t good for you?
Right now, in New York, Mayor (市长) Michael Bloomberg also limits how much soda you can have — and it is not only for you but also for adults! Starting in March, 2013, places like movie theaters, restaurants and sports centers, can’t sell sodas larger than 473 ml. Sellers who break the ban (禁令) will face a $200 fine. But you can still get whatever size you want at supermarkets.
Why is drinking too much soda unhealthy for you? A study shows that for every soda a child drinks every day, their obesity (肥胖) risk appears to jump 60%. In New York, more than half of adults and nearly 40% of children are overweight. Obesity kills thousands of New Yorkers every year and the city spends as much as $4 billion a year on medical care for overweight and obese people.
New York has a population of about 8 million. Of course, it’s impossible for all New Yorkers to agree on the ban. There are different opinions. Keith Aiken believes the ban can help fight teen’s obesity. “Clearly, soda causes teens obesity. We have to do something.” he says. Chuck Kallenbach doesn’t think the ban can work. He says, “I can’t buy a large cup of soda, but I can buy two small cups.” Michael Tansini says, “Whatever size cup I want is my own business. No one should limit it!”
1. This passage is mainly written for ________.A.teachers | B.adults | C.teenagers | D.sellers |
A.At movie theaters. | B.At restaurants. |
C.At sports centers. | D.At supermarkets. |
A.Chuck Kallenbach and Michael Tansini. |
B.Michael Bloomberg and Keith Aiken. |
C.Michael Bloomberg and Chuck Kallenbach. |
D.Keith Aiken and Michael Tansini. |
A.New York is a city with abut 80, 000, 000 people. |
B.Over half of children are overweight or obese in New York. |
C.Nearly 40% of New Yorkers are against the large-size soda ban. |
D.Thousands of New Yorkers lost their lives every year because of obesity. |
A.投资 | B.罚款 | C.贷款 | D.债务 |
【推荐2】It’s hard to turn down junk food. However, eating too much is bad for your body, especially if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. “Junk food shapes teenage brains in ways that make their ability to think, learn and remember weaker. It can also make it harder to control bad behaviors. It may even up a teen’s risk of mental (精神上的) problems,” said Amy Reichelt, a scientist at Western University, Canada.
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies about how poor food choices can make a big difference to teenage brains. They found teenagers are more sensitive (敏感的) than any other age group to foods with a lot of fat and sugar, as their brains are not yet fully formed.
Teenage brains are still developing the ability to notice risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us control ourselves. However, this part doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. At the same time, teen brains get more excited from prizes. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something happy—like eating tasty foods—are fully developed by the teen years.
As a result, the teen brain has two hits against it when it comes to refusing junk food. Reichelt and her team did an experiment using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that “teenage” mice that had high-fat foods performed worse on memory tests than those eating normal foods.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? The answer is exercise. When we exercise, the brain becomes less sensitive to food, besides this, it also helps our brains grow and become better able to make wise decisions.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A.What junk food is. | B.Why teenagers like junk food. |
C.How junk food harms teen brains. | D.How food helps human brains develop. |
A.Because their brains are fully developed. |
B.Because they need energy for their development. |
C.Because they have a low level of excitement in their brains. |
D.Because they are more sensitive to the joy that junk food offers. |
A.We get more excited while eating junk food. |
B.High-fat foods could harm our ability to deal with information. |
C.Human brains develop at a slower speed than the brains of mice. |
D.High-fat foods could make mice behave better at performing arts. |
A. | B. | C. | D. |
A.An instruction. | B.An interview. | C.A poem. | D.A story. |
【推荐3】As people all over the world struggled with higher levels of stress, depression and anxiety this past year, many turned to their favorite comfort foods: ice cream, pizza, hamburgers. But studies in recent years suggest that the high-sugar and high-fat foods when we are stressed or depressed, as comforting as they may seem, are the least likely to be good for our mental (精神上的) health. Instead, whole foods such as vegetables, fruit, fish, eggs, nuts may be a better bet.
Historically, nutrition research has paid much attention to how the foods we eat influence our physical (身体上的) health, rather than our mental health, though. Over the years, large population studies have found that people who are asked to follow a Mediterranean diet for three months had greater reductions in symptoms of depression after three months compared to a control group. Public health professors around the world have started encouraging people to take and use lifestyle behaviors like exercise, sound sleep, a heart-healthy diet and avoiding smoking that may reduce inflammation (发炎) and have advantages for the brain. Individual clinicians (临床医师) are already including nutrition into their work with patients. Dr. Drew Ramsey, a clinical professor at the Columbia University, begins his meetings with new patients by exploring their diet. He asks what they eat, learns their favorite foods, and finds out if foods that he considers important for the connection are missing from their diets, such as plants, seafood.
Dr. Ramsey said he didn’t want people to think that the only factor involved in brain health is food. “Lots of people get their food exactly right, live very active lives, and still have many troubles with their mental health,” he said. But he also teaches people that food can be empowering. “We can’t control our genes,” he said. “But we can control how we eat, and that gives people actionable things that they can do to take care of their brain health on a daily basis.”
1. What do previous (以前的) nutrition studies mainly pay attention to?A.How our diets influence our mental health. | B.How our diets influence our physical health. |
C.How our mental health influences our diets. | D.How our physical health influences our diets. |
A.They try to satisfy their patients’ needs. |
B.They are questioning public health professors. |
C.They want to prove the value of healthy diets. |
D.They have accepted the findings of large population studies. |
A.Some connection lives between our diets and mental health. |
B.People can control their genes as well as how they eat. |
C.People living active lives will not have mental problems. |
D.Eating a healthy diet is going to cure depression. |
【推荐1】On Feb. 15, a new video model called Sora promises to create a video up to a minute long from a short text description. Just tell Sora your idea, and watch it make a video right before your eyes. Sora is described as “eye-popping”, “world-changing”, and “breathtaking, yet scaring.”
The videos from OpenAI’s Sora are full of details. One video of a Tokyo street scene shows that Sora has learned how objects fit together in 3-D: the camera goes into the scene to follow a couple as they walk past a row of shops. Sora knows how things should look in real life.
Sora looks at many videos and learns from them by breaking them into very small bits. It uses these bits to make a new video. The new video is grey at first and very messy. Then, Sora fixes the video until it looks good and smooth. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT, which turns the user’s short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as you asked.
Sora may find “busy” pictures hard to understand. For example, when a person moves, things around them change. In one video created by Sora, a grandma blows the candle on a birthday cake, but the flame (火焰) doesn’t move. Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right”.
OpenAI also says that Sora deals with occlusion well. But one problem is that they fail to follow objects when they are out of sight. For example, if a truck passes in front of a street sign, the sign might not reappear afterward.
In a video of a papercraft underwater scene, Sora has added what looks like cuts between different pieces of footage (镜头), and the model has kept the same style between them. But it’s not perfect. In the Tokyo video, cars to the left look smaller than the people walking beside them. They also pop (突然出现) in and out between the trees. “There’s some work to be done,” says Brooks. “For example, if someone goes out of view for a long time, they won’t come back.”
“Sora seems like a very important leap forward,” says Sam Gregory, a human rights organization that specializes in the use and misuse of video technology. “But there are two sides of the coin,” he says. “The meaningful abilities help many more people to be storytellers using video. And there are also possibilities for misuse.”
OpenAI has also realized the risks that come with a video model. The OpenAI team plans to draw on the safety testing. “We’ll need to get more feedback (反馈) and learn more about the types of risks that need to be solved with video before it would make sense for us to put Sora into use,” says Ramesh.
1. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “occlusion”?A.being seen | B.being followed | C.being covered | D.being dropped |
Perhaps it will be an imagination tool or a misinformation machine.
A.Paragraph 4 | B.Paragraph 3 | C.Paragraph 2 | D.Paragraph 1 |
A.the safety testing | B.the misuse of Sora |
C.two sides of Sora | D.another video model |
A.To encourage us to use Sora to make short videos. |
B.To explain to us how to use Sora to create short videos. |
C.To remind us to care about the problems and risks Sora has. |
D.To introduce what advantages Sora will bring to our daily life. |
【推荐2】Encyclopedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》)used to be the king of encyclopedias. It hopes to become the most important encyclopedia again. An encyclopedia has information about many different things. It includes articles on topics like animals, science, but many people were willing to buy them. They thought Britannica was the best encyclopedia.
A few years ago, the company stopped publishing the books. It put the whole encyclopedia on the Internet. However, Britannica online is not as popular as some other online encyclopedias. About half of Britannica’s articles are free while almost all of the articles on other online encyclopedias are free.
However, Britannica began in Scotland nearly 250 years ago. It moved to Chicago in 1935. In 1990, the company sold more than 100,000 sets of books. It was Britannica’s best year. Book sales dropped after the Internet became popular. People stopped getting information only from books. They began getting it online as well. Some online encyclopedias started in the early 21st century. It was the beginning of the end of Encyclopedia Britannica books. Some online encyclopedias have millions of articles. Britannica has only 106,000. However, Britannica’s articles are more trustworthy(值得信任的). The experts make sure the articles are correct. Britannica covers most of the same general subjects as other’ online encyclopedias, but finding its articles can be more difficult. The Britannica page also has many ads. The ads help support the company.
1. Why is online Britannica less popular than other online encyclopedias?A.More people like to read other online encyclopedias. | B.There are less articles in other online encyclopedias. |
C.The readers can read more free articles in other online encyclopedias. | D.Other online encyclopedias cover most of the same general subjects as Britannica. |
A.In 1935. | B.In 1990. | C.In 1991. | D.In 2002. |
A.They are written by experts. |
B.There is more useful information in it. |
C.The experts check each Britannica article. |
D.Finding Britannica’s articles can be more difficult. |
A.To make money for the company. | B.To make it more user-friendly. |
C.To make its website popular. | D.To help other companies earn money. |
After a certain amount of time spent practicing math, kids can put away the calculator(计算器). They don’t even need to count on their fingers. They simply know the answers to subtraction(−), addition (+), and multiplication (×) facts. The quicker kids can recall basic math facts, the easier it is for them to solve more difficult math problems.
The Stanford University researchers observed(观察)the brain activity of 28 students, ages 7 to 9, for the study. They took scans of the students’ brains as the students solved math calculations without the help of a calculator, pen or paper. A calculation—three plus four equals seven, for example—flashed on a screen. The students pushed a button to say if the answer was right or wrong. The scientists also recorded the response speed, and what parts of the brain became active as the kids pushed the button.
These observations showed a process called
Children make the changefrom counting to fact retrieval when they are 8 to 9 years old, the study says. This is the time when most students are learning basic addition and subtraction. When kids have basic math facts memorized, the brain has more free space to learn more difficult math.
This process has benefits for the future. The study showed, as kids got older, their answers relied more on memory and became quicker and more correct. Less brain activity was involved in counting. Some children make this change quicker than others.
Scientists hope to use this research to develop new strategies(策略)to help kids learn math at all levels. One strategy the study suggests is for students to test themselves in different orders—solving five times three before five times two, for example. Mixing up the order keeps the brain active. Keep these trainings up, and you may be a math whiz in no time.
1. In the study, kids put away calculators because they can ______.
A.use calculators well |
B.scrawl out equations |
C.recalling basic math facts |
D.count on their fingers |
A.picking out results by working together with their partners |
B.finding out answers based on practicing carefully and patiently |
C.trying out ways of dealing with problems by attending training |
D.working out problems according to what they have remembered |
A.Kids need to practice using calculators to keep their brains active. |
B.Math learners should change to counting practice at the age of 8 to 9. |
C.Training by mixing up the order of multiplication tables can help learn math better. |
D.Less brain activity may be involved in solving difficult problems when kids get older. |
A.Math from Memory |
B.Strategy Development |
C.Brain Reorganization |
D.Training by Repetition |
【推荐1】Today, the world is highly competitive. Governments, companies and individuals(个人)are all competing to be the best in the society. It is true that competition leads to better products and services; many people, especially parents, believe that being competitive is helpful for children because it prepares them for the modern world. However, is competition the first thing that our society needs?
Schools teach students to compete for better grades, while in businesses, people are better paid for their competitive performances. However, none of them realizes the adverse effects competition has on the society. For two companies in a competition, one will surely lose then disappear, while the other remains stronger in the market. If this is popular in a country, the number of companies may drop, and then the economy(经济)gets worse. Besides, competition may result in distrust in society.
Cooperation(合作)presents a different picture. Competition breaks relationships, while cooperation strengthens relationships. When we cooperate with others, we meet new people, we get to know new things, we share thoughts, we help each other and we succeed together. Cooperation focuses on the growth and development of everyone, as many people work together toward a common goal. This way, everyone is equally(相同地)developed.
The processes of cooperation have played an important role in shaping the history. Let’s discuss the example of UN(United Nations).The UN’s calling is to keep world peace and create harmony(和谐).All nations have cooperated and will keep cooperating with one another to fight for a better future for the whole world.
Sports also provide us with a best example of cooperation. Think about how all members of the team forget who they themselves are and work only for the benefit of the team. Although sports are competitive by nature, when there is cooperation between the members, they encourage and support each other, and they get a greater chance of winning.
The development of both society and individual today depends on not just healthy competition but cooperation. Unfortunately, people are not taught cooperative skills at an early age, and this has encouraged a culture of competition in today’s society. The skills of cooperation should be included in the educational system for children in their early ages. This way, children grow up into adults who value and welcome cooperation, which brings out the best in us.
1. According to the passage,competition causes ________.A.helpful suggestions and ideas | B.excellent products and services |
C.responsible children and parents | D.confident performances and voice |
A.Supportive. | B.Various. | C.Confusing. | D.Harmful |
A.The economy can grow rapidly in competition. |
B.Kids should not just learn the skills of competition. |
C.UN was set up to call on people to create competition. |
D.Sportsmen should not be cooperative to win the game. |
A.people should value competition more than cooperation |
B.people can perform better in competition than cooperation |
C.people can benefit more from cooperation than competition |
D.people should depend more on competition than cooperation |
Strict Japanese rules
Most schools ask students to wear uniforms, such as sports suits or skirts. But Japanese schools even have rules about the colour of underwear! They also need that girls' socks should be folded(折叠) in a certain way and boys' heads should be shaved(剃).Other Japanese schools tell students that they can't go to the movies after sunset.
Different shoes in the USA
At some American schools, students have to change their shoes when they go into the schools every day. This makes sure students won't fall over on the floors and keeps the schools clean.
No strange hair in the UK
Students can’t have strange hairstyles in some British schools. But they can wear certain hairstyles during the World Cup years. There were two students who had special hairstyles during the 2002 World Cup. After the World Cup, their teachers asked them to go to the barber's at once.
1. How many strange or funny school rules are mentioned(提到) in this passage?
A.Three. | B.Four. | C.Five. | D.Six. |
A.uniforms | B.indoor shoes |
C.shirts | D.strange hairstyles |
A.Because in that way they won't hurt if they fight. |
B.Because in that way they will feel comfortable. |
C.Because in that way they won't fall and can keep the schools clean. |
D.Because in that way they won't make any noise when walking. |
A.Schools in Japan only. | B.Schools in the USA and the UK. |
C.Schools in Japan and the UK. | D.Schools in the UK only. |
A.Different school uniforms | B.Different hairstyles |
C.Different shoes | D.Different school rules |
【推荐3】Men’s tennis has welcomed its new king—Daniil Medvedev. The 26-year-old became the 27th player to reach No.1 in the Association of Tennis Professionals(ATP)rankings(排名)on Feb 28.
Medvedev is the first player outside the Big Four—Novak Diokovic, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray—to hold the top spot(位置)in 18 years. At 198 centimeters, he is also the tallest player to ever reach the spot.
“When you are young, you think that it’s impossible, so that’s why you dream about it,” Medvedev said. “When it becomes closer to you, you dream less about it and do more to achieve(达成)it. It’s not even a dream anymore. It’s a goal.”
Medvedev reached the goal with his special playing style—a great combination(结合)of strength and skill. He has the “blink-and-you-missed-it” service(发球), as the ATP noted.
Reaching the goal was not easy. If he wants to stay there, he may need to work even harder.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about Daniil Medvedev?A.He became the 27th king of his country. |
B.He started to play tennis at the age of 18. |
C.He held the top spot in the ATP Rankings at the age of twenty-six. |
D.He joined the “Big Four” on Feb 28. |
A.thought it was very easy to make his dream come true |
B.told the young people that everyone shouldn’t dream |
C.had a lot of dreams when he was young |
D.made his dream become a goal |
A.Hitting with all his strength. |
B.Using both strength and skills. |
C.Missing some of the balls. |
D.Starting every game with his service. |
A.keep his No. 1 ranking. |
B.stay inside of his own dreams. |
C.keep himself on the tennis court. |
D.stay the king of his country. |
A.Medvedev plays well because he is taller than the Big Four |
B.it’s a dream for Medvedev to be the king of the world |
C.Medvedev does very hard to achieve his dream |
D.Medvedev is a proud person |