It’s hard to turn down junk food. However, eating too much is bad for your body, especially if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. “Junk food shapes teenage brains in ways that make their ability to think, learn and remember weaker. It can also make it harder to control bad behaviors. It may even up a teen’s risk of mental (精神上的) problems,” said Amy Reichelt, a scientist at Western University, Canada.
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies about how poor food choices can make a big difference to teenage brains. They found teenagers are more sensitive (敏感的) than any other age group to foods with a lot of fat and sugar, as their brains are not yet fully formed.
Teenage brains are still developing the ability to notice risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us control ourselves. However, this part doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s. At the same time, teen brains get more excited from prizes. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something happy—like eating tasty foods—are fully developed by the teen years.
As a result, the teen brain has two hits against it when it comes to refusing junk food. Reichelt and her team did an experiment using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that “teenage” mice that had high-fat foods performed worse on memory tests than those eating normal foods.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? The answer is exercise. When we exercise, the brain becomes less sensitive to food, besides this, it also helps our brains grow and become better able to make wise decisions.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A.What junk food is. | B.Why teenagers like junk food. |
C.How junk food harms teen brains. | D.How food helps human brains develop. |
A.Because their brains are fully developed. |
B.Because they need energy for their development. |
C.Because they have a low level of excitement in their brains. |
D.Because they are more sensitive to the joy that junk food offers. |
A.We get more excited while eating junk food. |
B.High-fat foods could harm our ability to deal with information. |
C.Human brains develop at a slower speed than the brains of mice. |
D.High-fat foods could make mice behave better at performing arts. |
A. | B. | C. | D. |
A.An instruction. | B.An interview. | C.A poem. | D.A story. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Thanks to China’s large population of Internet users, many foreign bloggers have seen their popularity grow in recent years. German influencer(网红)Pamela Reif is one such blogger. She rose to fame at the age of 16, when she started posting pictures of her lifestyle and fitness routine online.
In early June, Pamela uploaded her first video, “12-Minute Happy Sweat Workout,” on Chinese social media. Within just two months, Pamela gained nearly 1.5 million followers on Bilibili. To date, her online videos have been viewed over 20 million times.
In a recent interview, Pamela spoke about her journey from schoolgirl to influencer. “I was basically just a normal teenager at school. Instagram was becoming cool so I started uploading food pictures and gym selfies(健身房自拍). I was just doing all this without any plan. It grew from there,” the 24-year-old said.
Pamela has shown us that training and diet go hand in hand when it comes to reaching your fitness goals. So what does she eat and how does she exercise?
In her daily life, Pamela follows what she calls the “right diet”. She wants people to think about sensible eating — not just for the body, but also for the globe. It is all about sustainability(可持续发展). She points to the fact that eating meat puts huge pressure on the environment. While she does eat meat, she tries to keep the majority of her diet vegetarian.
Pamela also puts a lot of effort into health and fitness. She does this by targeting(以……为目标)specific muscle groups in her body. And best of all, she works out without using any gym equipment. This allows her to get the same quality workout wherever she happens to be at the time.
1. What is the reading mainly about?A.How to keep healthy. | B.How to take good gym selfies. |
C.What “sensible eating” is. | D.A German influencer. |
A.Chinese Internet users hardly know who Pamela Reif is |
B.Pamela posted pictures of her lifestyle and fitness routine online after she graduated |
C.“sensible eating” means one should only eat fruit and vegetables for the globe |
D.working out by targeting specific muscle groups has the same effect as working out in a gym |
A.“12-Minute Happy Sweat Workout” has been viewed over 20 million times |
B.Instagram is quite popular among people of her age |
C.Pamela keep a strict diet for herself and her fans |
D.she started uploading food pictures and gym selfies to draw public attention |
A.By becoming an internet influencer. | B.By targeting specific muscle groups in her body. |
C.By training and keeping the right diet. | D.By working out without using any gym equipment. |
A.Getting Fit with Pamela Reif | B.From Schoolgirl to Influencer |
C.Eating for the Globe | D.Ways to Become Famous |
【推荐2】People drink alcohol(酒) in many parts of the world. Some medical scientists say light drinking may even be good for your health, especially for the heart. But they say such health benefits(好处) should be compared to the many health risks connected with alcohol use.
Some research suggests that having one to two drinks of alcohol a day may be good for your health. Several large studies have shown that this type of drinking may lower the risk of heart disease and other diseases.
A study last year suggested that drinking a little red wine may help lower the risk of breast cancer(乳腺癌) in women. Researchers at Medical Center in California studied 36 women. Each woman drank a glass of red or white wine every day for almost a month. Researchers collected blood samples(样本) from the women two times a month to test their hormone(激素) levels. The next month these women were told to exchange their wine. The researchers found that the women who drank red wine had lower levels of the female hormone than the white wine drinkers. They said red grapes have chemicals that may help to lower the risk of breast cancer.
However, recent studies suggested that even a little alcohol may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women. They found that women who drink four small glasses of wine a week increase their risk of breast cancer by 15 percent.
Many studies have examined the harmful effects of alcohol use on the body. Alicia Ann Kowalchuk serves as medical director, saying “Healthy use for adults --- that's men under age 65 --- is no more than 4 drinks in a day and no more than 14 drinks in a week. And for women of all ages, it's no more than 7 drinks in a week and no more than 2 drinks in a day.” She says too much alcohol use has something to do with liver (肝脏) diseases, and many other cancers.
1. How did the researchers carry out their study?A.By following an example. | B.By listing facts. |
C.By collecting information worldwide. | D.By comparing tested objects. |
A. |
B. |
C. |
D. |
A.Alcohol drinking may do harm to your health |
B.Alcohol drinking can be both good and bad for you |
C.Drinking alcohol is popular in many parts of the world |
D.Drinking alcohol a day may give your health some benefits. |
Get active(积极的)
This is the most important way of a healthy lifestyle. Walking, running and playing basketball and other sports will help you keep healthy.
If your job needs long hours of sitting, get up often and walk. Don’t let laziness(懒惰) stop your body and mind. Be active at your workplace, around your neighborhood(邻近地区) and wherever(无论那里) possible.
Keep clean
Keep the places around you clean. Cleanliness(清洁)can create(创造) a healthy lifestyle. Unclean(不干净 ) and untidy(不整齐) places can not only make you angry but also make you ill.
Eat healthily
Our health depends on(依赖于)our food, so everyone should remember to eat healthy food. The healthier food you eat, the healthier you will be.
Live green
This is the easiest way to live a healthy lifestyle. Plant trees around your house. Try your best to save water. Stop using things that are bad for the environment.
1. Which is the most important way to have a healthy lifestyle?
A.Living green. | B.Keeping clean. | C.Eating healthy. | D.Getting active. |
A.Two. | B.Three. | C.Four. | D.Five. |
A.Getting active. | B.Living green. | C.Keeping clean. | D.Eating healthy. |
A.空气 | B.矿藏 | C.环境 | D.垃圾 |
A.Excited. | B.Sad. | C.Happy and healthy. | D.Angry and ill. |
【推荐1】Robotic surgery is one thing, but sending a robot inside the body to carry out an operation quite another, which has long been a goal of some researchers to produce tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut. The possibility of which has just got a bit closer.
However, unlike the plot of one film—which featured a microscopic crew and submarine traveling through a scientist’s bloodstream—this device could not be inserted into blood vessels(管) because it is too big. While other types of miniature swallowable robots have been developed in the past, their role has mostly been limited to capturing images inside the body. In a presentation this week to the International Conference, Daiela Rus and Shuhei Miyashita of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology described a robot they have developed that can be swallowed and used to collect dangerous objects accidentally taken in.
To test their latest version, Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita designed a robot as a battery hunter, which might seem to be an odd task, but more than 3, 500 people in America alone, most of them children, swallow the tiny button cells used in small electronic devices by accident every year. To start with, the researchers created an artificial esophagus(食道) and stomach made out of silicone(硅胶). It was closely modeled on that found in a pig and filled with medical liquid; the robot itself is made from several layers of different materials, including pig intestine (肠), and contains a little magnet. This is folded up and encased in a 10 mm×27 mm capsule of ice. Once this reaches the stomach the ice melts and the robot unfolds which is moved and guided with the use of a magnetic field outside the body. In their tests, the robot was able to touch a button battery and draw it with its own magnet, and during dragging it along, the robot could then be directed towards the intestines where it would eventually be gotten rid of through the anus(肛门). After it, the researchers sent in another robot loaded with medication to deliver it to the site of the battery burn to speed up healing.
The artificial stomach being transparent on one side, the researchers were able to see the batteries and visually control the robots. If not, that will require help with the help from imaging system, which will be a bit more of a challenge, but Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita are determined to succeed.
1. According to the passage, the robot operation will probably be able to ________.A.travel through a scientist’s bloodstream |
B.photograph the body to convey to the doctor |
C.enter the body to deliver drugs or make repairs |
D.operate on a person outside the body completely |
A.the researchers did the experiment on a chosen animal |
B.the robot took necessary drugs besides a little magnet |
C.digesting the swallowed batteries is difficult for children |
D.the actual size of the robot may be larger than the capsule of ice |
A.The surgeries will cost patients much money. |
B.Patients will suffer less for some surgeries. |
C.Fewer children will swallow the button cells. |
D.A robot will be invented travelling blood vessels. |
A.An Experiment on Robot |
B.Tiny Robot, Significant Role |
C.The Fantastic Robotic Voyage |
D.The Exploration of Robot Technology |
【推荐2】Height is just one of the features your genes (基因) decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height of each parent. If both your parents are tall, then most probably you will be tall, too. But if you have questions about how tall you’re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find them out.
But genes don’t decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential (潜力). Getting plenty of sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the expected height.
It’s natural that you’re wondering how fast you should grow. There’s no perfect or right answer. Generally speaking, kids grow about 6 cm a year between age 3 and the time when they startpuberty.
Your doctor will know how your growth has been going over the years. 2 cm here and 3 cm there make a little difference to the height you’re at now. How have you been growing up to this height?What other changes may your body be going through?
Don’t be amazed if you seem to have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a growth spurt (高峰) during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later — between 7 and 13 for girls and 9 and 15 for boys.
You’ll usually begin to notice that you’re growing faster about a year after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty.
1. If you want to know how tall you should grow, _______.A.you should have enough exercise |
B.you can ask doctors for help |
C.you should take some special medicine |
D.you can record your growth during puberty |
A.童年时期 | B.婴幼儿时期 |
C.习惯养成期 | D.生长发育期 |
A.how the genes work in your body |
B.how your parents’ height influence you |
C.how you look like your parents |
D.how you grow to a certain height |
A.how good it is to be a doctor |
B.how much sleep time we need |
C.why genes can’t decide everything |
D.what healthy diet is |
A.Your height most probably depends on how tall your parents are. |
B.Girls’ age for starting puberty is usually earlier than that for boys’. |
C.The features showing the first changes of puberty between boys and girls are different. |
D.You may be amazed sometimes when you grow too fast. |
【推荐3】“What's the name of our neighbor? I can't remember right now.”Have you ever heard your grandparents ask questions like this? Usually, we think older people's memories become bad because their brains get weak. But a team of scientists at the University of Tubingen in Germany has a different idea.
“The human brain works slower in old age,” said lead scientist Michael Ramscar, “but only because they have stored more information over time.”
The findings are based on a series of computer simulations(模拟) of learning and memory.
Scientist let the computers read a certain amount of words and learn new things each day. When the computer “reads”only so much, its performance on cognitive( 认知) tests is similar of a young adult. But if the computer learned the experiences we might encounter(经历) over a lifetime, its perfection is similar to that of an older adult.
Often it was slower because increased“experience” had caused the computer 's database(数据库) to grow, giving it more data to process - which takes time. This is similar to old people.
Imagine a person knows two people's birthdays. Another person knows the birthdays of 2,000 people, but can only match the right person to the right birthday nine times out of 10. Can you say the first person has a better memory than the second person? The basic idea is that“The larger the library you have in your head, the longer it usually takes to find a particular word,” Benedict Carey, a science reporter for The New York Times, wrote in an article about the study.
1. The writer uses a question at the beginning to________.A.encourage readers to think of their neighbors |
B.make readers interested in the topic |
C.prove that older people have bad memories |
D.explain why older people like asking questions |
A.They interviewed old people |
B.They asked both young and old people the same questions |
C.They used computers to simulate human learning and memory |
D.They followed the experiences of a group of old people |
A.Because they have a very poor memory |
B.Because they are too old to remember things |
C.Because their brains become weaker over time |
D.Because there is too much information in their brains |
A.协调的 | B.相似的 | C.奇怪的 | D.迥异的 |
A.Why do old people have poor memories? |
B.Why do old people's brains sore more information? |
C.What is the human brain's processing ability? |
D.Is it better to be old or young? |
And it’s easy. If you have a cell phone, you can download apps (应用程序) such as Sina Weibo, WeChat (微信) and QQ.
“I love to check my friends’ updates (更新). I also enjoy news and humor shared on social media,” Said Ou Wei, 14, from Hongling Middle School in Shenzhen. Because of enjoying these, Ou distances himself from real life. “I love playing the plane-shooting game on WeChat, but have no interest in playing flying chess with my classmates,” said Ou.
Deng Yunyun, 14, from Jianfeng Middle School in Shanghai, said that social media had influenced their life. Recently his school held a basketball match, and a student hurt his leg. Instead of giving him some help, students were busy with updating micro blogs about the accident.
“I think they need to learn to balance their real and online lives,” said Deng,
What makes parents and teachers worried is safety. “Many students are happy to tell their interests and personal information to their social media “friends”. Such information could bring them danger,” said Han Songjun, a teacher at Hongling Middle School.
For example, WeChat’s shake-shake function allows users to connect to other users close by. But the police warn about the danger of socializing in this way.
“Be careful. Do not use the locating (定位) function in any app, do not give your name, and do not post the photos of your residential area (小区),” said the police.
1. What is the possible meaning of the underlined word “distances” in Paragraph 3?
A.接近 | B.疏远 |
C.超过 | D.破裂 |
A.Deng Yunyun’s school held a basketball match |
B.the students in the school are not friendly |
C.students are very busy |
D.social media have influenced the students’ life |
A.Do not share any news on social media |
B.Do not use the locating (定位) function on social media |
C.Do not give your name on social media |
D.Do not post the photos of your residential area |
A.Many students are using WeChat. |
B.Social media makes our life more interesting. |
C.Social media is very popular. |
D.Social media can be bad and dangerous. |
【推荐2】Is Technology Changing the Way Kids Develop Relationships?
Technology is redefining(重新定义)the meaning of relationships. For example, technology has enabled people who have never met nor will ever meet to call themselves friends. It makes the line between connections and real friends become unclear.
Because of technology’s omnipresence(遍在;无所不在)in the lives of most children, it is shaping how children feel about and develop relationships without fully consideration of the influence that it has on children’s relationships. Because of this growing influence of technology on them, children need to really understand where they are learning about relationships and whether what they are learning is healthy and will lay the groundwork for a future of positive relationships.
It’s necessary to recognize these changes because relationships play such a central role in who children become and the quality of the lives they lead. Relationships provide children with a foundation of values, love, security, and support. The quality of children’s early relationships acts as the model on which their future relationships are modeled and built. Later relationships with peers, teachers, and other influential people shape children’s beliefs about the world and the direction that their lives will take. In fact, there is no aspect(方面)of children’s lives that remains untouched by relationships.
At the same time, many of the changes in relationships caused by technology have been positive. Technology has also been a good thing to keep already-established(建立) relationships. If you have family or friends who live at a great distance, they no longer have to rely on the telephone or snail mail to stay connected. They can contact through email, texting and so on.
As with all value-neutral(价值中立的)advancements, there are both benefits and costs, positive uses and unhealthy misuses. My worry focuses on how children come to define relationships and the role that technology is playing in that process(过程). For example, I hear many young people talking about all of the “friends” they have made on the web. There’s no doubt that the web has enabled people everywhere to connect and communicate like never before, but I would argue that connection alone can not make a relationship.
1. The line between connections and real friends has become unclear because ________.A.technology brings new change |
B.it’s difficult to find real friends |
C.it’s wise to connect with strangers |
D.technology gives kids more free time |
A.Relationships are easy to develop for children. |
B.Children can understand relationships correctly. |
C.Relationships connect with every part of children’s lives. |
D.Children’s later relationships are more important than their early ones. |
A.children can’t make friends on the web |
B.technology is changing children’s lives |
C.technology can’t cause positive influence |
D.children dislike the growing influence of technology |
A.To list the changes in relationships caused by technology. |
B.To introduce a new type of relationships in kids’ daily life. |
C.To tell the kids to develop their relationships with the help of the technology. |
D.To remind the kids of thinking about the influence of technology on their relationships. |
【推荐3】Kids need to spend time using electronic devices.
Do you love to surf the Internet, listen to music, WeChat, and talk on a cell- phone? If yes, you won’t be alone. A recent study has some surprising news: Kids in the United States between the ages of 8 and 19 spend seven and a half hours a day on electronic devices. These include computers, smartphones, and video games. Some adults try to advance the idea that these devices waste kids’ time. However, some research surveys say this idea is wrong. In fact, the data show that technology can be helpful to kids.
Critics say that kids stare at computers and TVs all day and do not get enough exercise.
One study by the National Institutes of Health says that action video games may help increase kids’ visual attention. In addition, using interactive media can give kids good structure for learning. It can also help them learn to switch tasks effectively. Kids also need to use the Web to get information. Many argue that learning to use the Web responsibly sharpens kids’ reasoning abilities.
Today’s world is wired, and not just for fun. The jobs of the future depend on kids who are in!
▲
An alarming report states that young people spend an hour more per day on computers, smartphones, television, and other electronic media than they did 5 years ago. Nearly 7 out of 10 kids have cellphones. Just 5 years ago, 4 out of 10 had them. Are these devices harmless or hurtful to the well-being of young people? A close analysis of several studies shows that there are plenty of disadvantages of these devices.
The Internet is supposed to be a great tool for learning. Do kids who love computers do better in the classroom? According to one report, getting electronic devices does not automatically bring high marks in school.
1. Why are some adults in Para. 2 against the electronic devices?A.Because they think electronic devices hurt their family relationship. |
B.Because they think electronic devices are bad for kids’ health. |
C.Because they think electronic devices waste their valuable money. |
D.Because they think electronic devices waste kids’ valuable time. |
A.3. | B.4. | C.5. | D.6. |
A.Electronic media is also great for young people. |
B.Electronic media is harming kids. |
C.Electronic media doesn’t matter our life. |
D.Electronic media is influencing our kids. |
A.Try to Use Electronic Devices Less |
B.Kids Should Use Electronic Devices Freely |
C.Are electronic devices good for kids? |
D.Can kids use electronic devices responsibly? |
【推荐1】What’s the time where you live? What are you doing now? Read this story about one moment around the world.
Max lives in London. It’s five o’clock in the afternoon. It’s raining outside. Max is watching TV in the living room.
Guadalajara is in Mexico. It is six hours behind London. Jenny lives in Guadalajara and she is at school. She is having a math lesson.
Mike lives in Paris in France. It’s six o’clock in the evening and Mike is playing basketball with some school friends. He’s just putting the ball into the basket.
Cindy lives in Willington, New Zealand (新西兰). Willington is twelve hours ahead of (在……之前) London. It’s five o’clock in the morning here and it’s the start of a new day. Cindy is asleep.
1. What’s the weather like in London?A.It’s sunny. | B.It’s rainy. | C.It’s snowy. | D.It’s windy. |
A.It’s 6 p.m. | B.It’s 6 a.m. | C.It’s 11 a.m. | D.It’s 11 p.m. |
A.He is watching TV. | B.He is having a math lesson. |
C.He is playing basketball. | D.He is sleeping. |
A.London. | B.Guadalajara. | C.Paris. | D.Willington. |
A.One Moment Around the World | B.What Time Is It Now? |
C.Different Activities in the World | D.The Colorful World |
【推荐2】If you have a smartphone(智能手机),the Internet is always with you. You can use the Internet for shopping, learning and chatting with your friends and so on. But the Internet can also be a dangerous place. So, you must be careful.
Keep your personal(个人的)information. First, don' t share too much your personal information on the Internet. For example, don't send your phone number or number of a bank account (账号).Be careful what you say on the Internet. Second, you can't let everyone see your everything. Finally, be careful of new people. Don't believe them exactly (完全地). Some of them are dishonest(不诚实的). They usually use the Internet to try to get money by cheating. The Internet is a good way to meet new people, but be careful. It is important for us to control information.
It is very important for us to be honest. Don't post other people's pictures. Don't hurt others. It's also smart to keep away from fights on the Internet. Don't answer rude(无理的)messages and so on. In this way we can have a better Internet place.
1. When you have a ______ , you can use the Internet at any time.A.card | B.computer | C.television | D.smartphone |
A.share too much | B.use your smartphone often |
C.believe new people | D.close your computer often |
A.Two. | B.Three. | C.Four. | D.Five. |
A.send some pictures | B.answer all messages |
C.ask everyone for advice | D.be an honest person |
【推荐3】Imagine being a business that regularly takes high quantities of your own products worth millions of pounds and burns them up. Your stock(库存)literally goes up in smoke. It sounds crazy, but the practice is common for some of the world’s biggest clothing manufacturers. They argue that it is the most cost-effective way of maintaining their brand’s exclusivity(独特性).
The clothes that are burned are those that do not sell at a high enough price. Rather than watch them go on sale, the companies would set fire to them and regain a small amount of energy.
Nobody knows exactly how much unsold stock is burnt annually by those fashion houses, but burning clothes has various negative impacts on the environment. For example, burning clothes made from artificial fibers may release plastic microfibers into the atmosphere, which worsens global warming. A UK parliamentary committee report on sustainability and the fashion industry advises the government to ban the burning of unsold stock if it can be reused or recycled.
Actually, there are other approaches. What if those companies had a section tasked with taking back unsold clothes, redesigning them into new products, and shipping out the new products to the market once again?
There is also now an opportunity to focus on biodegradable(可生物降解的) fabrics. Clothes that break down faster might not have to be burned. They would also appeal to those who care about the environmental impact of their own wardrobes.
Additionally, we have an over-production problem. According to the World Bank, while clothing sales have risen steadily since 2000, clothing utilization has fallen at roughly the same rate. For every extra T-shirt that is sold, it will be worn roughly half as much as it would have been 20 years ago. That means better forecasting market trends would in theory result in less waste.
Burning clothes won’t happen simply through fashion firms. The scale of fashion production has to change. And it’s important to recognize that these consumer-focused brands will only go where the market takes them. If protecting the environment really matters to the public, they have to make clear that they want more sustainable clothing in the first place. Without consumers demanding that, it won’t change.
1. According to the passage, why do clothing firms choose to burn instead of selling clothes at a discount?A.They don’t want to be copied. | B.It costs the least and profits the most. |
C.There are quality problems. | D.The manufacturer went bankrupt. |
A.how important the U. K parliamentary committee report is |
B.why fashion firms should end burning unsold stock |
C.why fashion firms burn unsold clothes in large numbers every year |
D.how artificial fabrics will contribute to global warming |
A.how long clothing last | B.how well clothing sells |
C.how often clothing is used | D.how clothing is designed |
A.Redesigning and making them into new clothes. |
B.Making consumers feel better about their purchases. |
C.Conducting research on market demand before production. |
D.Making clothes out of environmentally-friendly materials. |
A.Consumers play a key role in stopping burning clothes. |
B.Burning clothes is a better option for every fashion firm. |
C.The secret that some fashion firms burn clothes is well kept. |
D.Today’s clothes are better than those two decades ago. |