The scientific method is used for simple experiments that students may do in the classroom or very difficult experiments that scientists are doing all over the world. It is a way of thinking that helps you to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions.
There are usually four steps in the scientific method, including observation (观察), hypothesis (假设), experiment, and conclusion. The steps may not always be completed in the same order, but the first step is usually observation and asking a question about your observation. For example, you had a sick stomach, and ate a candy bar. An hour later, you observed that you felt much better. Here, you can ask a question, such as, “What makes a sick stomach feel better?”
The second step is to state a possible answer to the question, or a hypothesis, such as “
” A good hypothesis includes three things: The explanation for the observations, it is able to be tested, and it will usually predict new outcomes or conclusions.
The third step is the experiment, to test the hypothesis. An experiment is a test which will either challenge or support the hypothesis. The hypothesis will then be true or false.
The final step is to think about what happened when you tested the hypothesis and draw a conclusion. The conclusion will either clearly support the hypothesis or it will not. If the results support the hypothesis, a conclusion can be written and you can share it with the rest of the world. If it does not support the hypothesis, you may choose to change the hypothesis or write a new one based on what was learned during the experiment.
1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?| A．How do the four basic steps in the scientific method work? |
| B．What makes a good hypothesis based on the observation? |
| C．The conclusion will always clearly support the hypothesis. |
| D．Learning the scientific method may help students succeed in science. |
| A．A candy bar makes a sick stomach feel better. |
| B．It was the medicine you took an hour earlier that made you feel better. |
| C．Eat a candy bar again, and see what happens to your sick stomach. |
| D．Ask people if eating a candy bar has made a sick stomach feel better. |
| A．The hypothesis. | B．The conclusion. |
| C．The question. | D．The observation. |
| A．An experiment is a test to always support the hypothesis. |
| B．An experiment does not have to be part of the scientific method. |
| C．An experiment is a test to either challenge or support a hypothesis. |
| D．An experiment is only used when scientists are trying to prove a hypothesis. |
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【推荐1】DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It’s something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.
People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family. It’s because of small things called “genes（基因）” in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Grick, found out that those small parts are real messages. They are written in the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell（细胞）to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we don’t understand what they all do. By understanding what just one “word” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we’ll use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive（有吸引力的）, or stop sick people getting jobs.
1. Who discovered why we look like other people in our family in 1860?| A．Grick. | B．Watson. | C．Mr. Harris. | D．Mr. Mendel. |
| A．All the words in the DNA map. |
| B．Small things called “genes” in our body. |
| C．The first “word” that they could understand in that language. |
| D．The small parts are written in the DNA with a special language. |
| A．Stop them getting jobs. | B．Make better medicine. |
| C．Tell them what to do. | D．Make them attractive. |
| A．DNA tells the cell to build its parts |
| B．DNA is the whole “map” of the human body |
| C．we look like our parents because of “genes” in our body |
| D．we have understand what all the words in the DNA map do |
| A．It can be good and bad. | B．It can be good. |
| C．It can be bad. | D．It can be good but won’t work. |
【推荐2】Remember how Harry Potter and his friends used magic spell to make their feathers float in the air? Now you can do magic too! Here are three fun experiments you can do at home to see the power of static electricity (静电)!
| Dancing Plastic Bag What you will need: a plastic stick (塑料棒), a piece of cloth, a light plastic bag Steps: Rub (摩擦) the stick with the cloth for 40 seconds; Flatten the plastic bag and rub the cloth against it for 40 seconds; Wave the stick and you will see the bag “dance” in the air. |  |
| Jumping Pepper (胡椒) What you will need: a plastic spoon, salt, pepper, a piece of cloth Steps: Mix some salt with some pepper; Rub the spoon with the cloth for 40 seconds; Hold the spoon over the mixture. And you will see the pepper jump up to the spoon, while the salt stays still peacefully. |  |
| Bending (弯曲) Water What you will need: a plastic stick, a piece of cloth, running water Steps: Rub the stick with the cloth for 40 seconds; Turn the tap on so there is a steady stream of running water; Hold the stick close to the water and watch it “bend”. |  |
| A．to show the readers why the movie was popular |
| B．to tell the readers how wonderful static electricity is |
| C．to make the readers know how to do fun experiments |
| D．to lead the readers to find out the magic world |
| A．a piece of cloth | B．a plastic stick | C．a plastic bag | D．a spoon of salt |
| A．put the pepper close to the cloth | B．choose the right size of the cloth |
| C．rub the spoon for more than 30 minutes | D．put the mixture of salt and pepper under the spoon |
| A．it is better to use a heavy bag in the first experiment |
| B．rubbing produces electricity |
| C．all the three experiments should be done in a science lab |
| D．bending water is the most difficult experiment of the three |
| A．nature | B．sports | C．science | D．health |
【推荐3】Mosquitoes (蚊子) can be seen everywhere all over the world, especially in summer. And there are more than 2,500 kinds of them around the world. No one likes the mosquitoes, but the mosquitoes may like you. They may bite (咬) you because they think your blood is delicious. However, have you ever wondered how these small insects are so good at finding you?
According to the new research, mosquitoes see red when they look at your skin, and then they will give you a bite. It shows that these insects usually find certain colors more attractive. The study means that you can choose what to wear to stop you from being bitten, but there is little you can do about your skin. This is because everyone’s skin gives off a strong red signal (信号), which will attract the mosquitoes.
“I used to say there were three main things that drew mosquitoes’ attention — our breath, sweat (汗水) and the temperature of our skin,” said Jeffrey Riffell, a researcher of the study.“In this study, we found a fourth one: the color red. It can be found not only on your clothes, but also in your skin. The skin is giving off a strong red signal no matter whether its color is light or dark.” Researchers found that when mosquitoes find CO2 in our breath, then they look for certain colors — including red, orange and black — to find their meal. “Mosquitoes seem to use smell to help them know what is nearby,” Riffell said.“Imagine that you are on a street and that you smell cake. That is probably a sign that there’s a cake shop nearby, and you might start looking around for it.”
Knowing what colors mosquitoes like may lead to better ways to protect us from mosquitoes. According to the researchers, a further study is needed to learn how other things that mosquitoes can see or smell help guide them to their goals.
1. What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the topic. | B．To answer readers’questions. |
| C．To show mosquitoes are annoying. | D．To show how mosquitoes bite people. |
①Our sweat. ②Our height. ③The color red. ④The CO2 from our breath.
⑤The temperature of our skin.
| A．①②③④ | B．①②③⑤ | C．①②④⑤ | D．①③④⑤ |
| A．To show how smart humans are. | B．To explain how mosquitoes find a goal. |
| C．To warn cake shop owners of mosquitoes. | D．To compare mosquitoes’ noses with humans’. |
| A．may be bitten by mosquitoes less often | B．can kill more and more mosquitoes easily |
| C．can help mosquitoes find other meals | D．may guide mosquitoes to their goals |
| A．Why mosquitoes like our sweat. | B．When mosquitoes like to bite people. |
| C．Ways of keeping mosquitoes away from us. | D．The findings of new research on mosquitoes. |
China Daily’s digital employee (员工) Yuanxi and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes’ official virtual carto on character (敦煌莫高窟官方虚拟卡通人物) Jiayao together introduced an interactive digital platform (数字化互动平台) that hosts a virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave to the world.
The platform was developed together by the Dunhuang Academy (研究院) and the Chinese tech company Tencent. It uses gaming technologies to show the historical scenes of the Library Cave in the digital world.
The Library Cave in Mogao Grottoes was discovered in 1900, with more than 60,000 cultural relics (文物) from the 4th century to the 11th century undearthed (出土). It was one of the most important discoveries in the 20th century.
On the platform, visitors can role-play and “time travel” to ancient dynasties and talk with eight historical figures (人物). The public can enter the platform through the Digital Dunhuang website and its WeChat program.
In the digital age, the model of “culture + technology” is used to promote (促进) the development of Chinese culture. The digitalization rate (数字化率) of China’s valuable cultural relics has been more than 70 percent, according to the 2022 China Digital Collection Industry Research Report reported by iResearch.
Institutions (机构) such as the Palace Museum have also set up online digital services of their own.—Artificial intelligence (AI) technology allows the public to see the inside of the buildings through the Palace Museum’s WeChat program.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has also encouraged the development and transformation (转型) of cultural relics by digital ways. China Central Television has created a series of digital collections with different Dunhuang themes, such as the Dunhuang divine deer (神鹿) Youyou. It was created according to the image (形象) of the nine-colored deer from Dunhuang murals (壁画). The public can see the divine deer on CCTV’s own digital platform.
Digital collections cater to (迎合) the habits of young people. They not only protect the cultural relics but also bring the public closer to China’s “excellent traditional culture”, reported Dunhuang Art Institute.
Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy, told Xinhua that more efforts will be made to discover new forms for showing cultural relics and offer the public cultural experiences to develop Dunhuang culture.
1. On the interactive digital platform for the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave, visitors can ________.| A．talk to the designer of the digital Library Cave |
| B．play video games named historical characters |
| C．play role-playing games set in ancient times |
| D．design digital caves showing historical culture |
| A．To show the latest gaming technologies. |
| B．To help cultural institutions make money. |
| C．To encourage people to explore new forms of digital collections. |
| D．To promote the development of Chinese culture. |
| A．Worried. | B．Hopeful. | C．Excited. | D．Serious. |
| A．Experiencing History Online | B．Showing Digital Collections |
| C．Creating Mini Programs | D．Introducing Gaming Technologies |
【推荐2】There is some information about some wonders of the world. I am sure you will be interested in them.
The Pyramids of Egypt
There are about eighty pyramids known today. The most well-known was for Pharaoh(法老) Khufu. It is known as the “Great Pyramid”. It’s also the largest one. Workers used about 2.3 million blocks of stone to build it. 用了20年的时间才建成(A).
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The garden sat on a hill. It was a large and wonderful structure(建筑物). Many parts of the garden were high up on large columns(支柱). There were many big and green trees with lovely flowers. Although there are many different ideas about the garden, we are not sure whether this wonder ever existed(存在)!
The Lighthouse(灯塔) of Alexandria
The Lighthouse of Alexandria was designed about 2,000 years ago. It was in Egypt, too. It was one of the ancient wonders of the world(B), about 135 meters high. It was once the highest building in the world. Although it doesn’t exist now, many people come to see its relic(遗址) every year.
1. The passage has talked about _____ wonders of the world.| A．one | B．two | C．three | D．four |
| A． We built it for twenty years. | B．It spent twelve years building it. |
| C．It took twenty years to build it. | D．Workers took twelve years to build it. |
| A．Big green trees | B．Lovely flowers |
| C．Stones | D．Large columns |
| A．它是世界奇迹之一 | B．它是世界古代奇观之一 |
| C．它是世界古代奇观 | D．它是世界自然奇观之一 |
| A．The Great Pyramid has used many stones to build. |
| B．Scientists can prove that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon has ever existed. |
| C．The Lighthouse of Alexandria was in Egypt. |
| D．The Lighthouse of Alexandria was about135 metres high. |
【推荐3】Space travel is nothing new. The first spacecraft with a human was sent up into space in 1961. Since then, people have not only traveled to space, but many of them have also lived there in space stations for some time.
The Soviet Union sent the first space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut I. Salyut I was designed as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments (实验). They found the space was just like a magic box. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations. At about the same time, the United States built its own space station, called Skylab.
Astronauts visited and often lived in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasn’t until the late 1980s when the Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a longer time. Mir stayed in space from 1989 until 2001, when it was decided that the space station was too old and no longer safe to live in.
________ One of them is food. All the meals on space stations are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle. Because the food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat plenty of other food such as dried meat that do not need special care. Without the help of gravity (重力), sitting down to eat can be hard. Astronauts sometimes have to fix themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be very careful so that food does not float away.
1. What does the underlined word “observed” in Paragraph 2 mean in English?| A．discovered | B．checked | C．watched | D．heard |
| A．Space travel has quite a long history of more than 60 years. |
| B．Astronauts could live in the Mir space station for no more than three weeks. |
| C．The Soviet Union sent a total of 9 space stations into space in the 1970s and 1980s. |
| D．Astronauts can never have a chance to eat fresh food when they live in space stations. |
| A．Living in space stations seems to be fun. |
| B．Living in space stations seems to be colorful. |
| C．Living in space stations makes astronauts get more information. |
| D．Living in space stations makes astronauts face many problems. |
| A．Exploring Space | B．Space Travel | C．Living in Space | D．Space Stations |
