Are you interested in space? Do you want to be an astronaut? Let’s come close to them and know more.
Can anyone be an astronaut? Of course not. You don’t have to have a science degree, but most astronauts do. Most of them are pilots too. Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind. You need to be easy-going and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people.
What’s the training like? People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe. They practice space walking and living in zero gravity (重力). They train in difficult situations to learn how to solve problems and to work on a team. Everyday life like eating, washing and sleeping can be difficult in a spaceship. There is no running water to wash hands. It’s hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat. And to sleep, you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station. You also must tie yourself to something, so you don’t fly away!
What health problems do astronauts have? Astronauts often get backache (背痛) because you grow in space-up to 8 centimeters! It’s also common to feel terrible at the beginning. So you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay healthy. And you must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables.
1. Astronauts need to be easy-going and helpful.2. People can wash hands with running water in a spaceship.
3. The sun rises every ninety minutes on the International Space Station.
4. Astronauts often get backache because they do a lot of exercise in space.
5. The article is about the importance of being an astronaut.
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Spring Festival
In China Spring Festival is the most important festival. It comes on the first day of the first lunar month（阴历月）. Before Spring Festival comes, people go out to buy things, such as beef, chicken, fish, fruit, sweets and new clothes.They clean their houses and decorate them.The Chinese character fu is a must.
The celebrations（庆祝）begin on the eve of the lunar New Year. The family get together for a big dinner. If a person is far from home, he will always try to get home for this big dinner. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting（聊天）and watching TV.
During the holidays, they go to visit relatives and friends and exchange New Year greetings. They sit around talking and eating candy, cakes and all kinds of delicious foods. Every family prepares something special. Each child will get money as a New Year gift. People in the north（北方）of China often eat dumplings for breakfast. People in the south（南方）often eat niangao because niangao means “higher and higher one year after another”.
The celebrations last (持续) l5 days. Spring Festival finishes at Lantern Festival.
根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)。1. In China Spring Festival is on the first day of January.
2. People usually buy many things before Spring Festival in China.
3. Usually, the celebrations are from the eve of the lunar New Year to Lantern Festival.
4. The whole family usually sit together, chatting and watching TV after the big dinner.
5. People in the north often eat niangao.
 Set the screen（屏幕）45 to 80 cm from your eyes. | a. Follow the 20/20/20 rule when taking a break: after 20 minutes of computer use, look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. b. Take more breaks after looking at the screen for a long time. You should take at least one 15-minute break after 2 hours of computer use. |
| Try to reduce reflections （减少反射）. a. Try not to place a screen below a light b. Control （控制）natural light from windows. c. ▲ Take breaks （稍作休息）. | * Do eye exercises: Step 1: Slowly move eyes up and then down. Step 2: Do step 1 three times. Step 3: Slowly move eyes to the left and then to the right. Step 4: Do step 3 three times |
1. If you put your screen 50 cm from your eyes, you are ________.
| A．sitting too close to the screen | B．sitting too far from the screen |
| C．putting your screen in the right place | D．not getting enough natural light |
| A．Use a dark computer screen. | B．Put a bright light behind your back. |
| C．Try to work in a dark room if you can. | D．Never place your screen in front of a window. |
| A．Do sports for some time. | B．Close your eyes for 20 seconds. |
| C．Look at something 10 feet away. | D．Take a break for at least 15 minutes. |
a.
b. 
c. 
d. 
| A．ab—cd | B．ac—bd | C．ba-dc | D．ca—db |
| A．ways to protect our eyes | B．steps to do eye exercises |
| C．how to control reflections | D．tips for using the screen |
【推荐3】Our planet is heating up because of the greenhouse effect. This is one of the reasons why Earth is seeing more extreme weather events, such as heat waves, forest fires and floods each year. But what exactly is the greenhouse effect, and what can we do to reduce it?
Let’s first think about a greenhouse—you may have one in your garden! It’s a glass structure that protects plants against low temperatures by trapping(聚集)heat inside. But, while this helps your plants grow, Earth is trapping heat in the same way, and it’s causing global warning. When fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, are burnt for power, carbon dioxide is released(排放)as a waste product. It enters the atmosphere and acts like a blanket around the planet, which means heat radiation can’t escape and the temperature increases. Eunice Foote, a scientist tested the effects of sunlight on different gases. Her results showed that carbon dioxide traps heat more than other gases. ?
So, what can we do to reduce the greenhouse effect? The UN recommends using more energy- efficient electrical appliances at home and changing to LED light bulbs. Also, by washing your clothes at 30° instead of a higher temperature, around 40% less electricity is used over a year, according to the Energy Saving Trust. A change in diet is also something to consider because plant -based foods need less land and water to be produced. So, changing saves energy and lovers emissions(排放物), which contribute to climate change.
We only have one planet, so let’s try and take care of it as much as we can.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. Why is our planet heating up?
| A．Because of the extreme weather events. |
| B．Because of the greenhouse effect. |
| C．Because of the global warming. |
| D．Because of the carbon dioxide. |
| A．That's the reason of global warming. |
| B．This is the result of releasing carbon dioxide. |
| C．This is the story of the greenhouse effect. |
| D．The idea of the greenhouse effect was born. |
| A．①②③ | B．①②④ | C．①③④ | D．②③④ |
| A．By giving an example. | B．By showing a fact. |
| C．By listing a number. | D．By making a comparison. |
| A．science newspaper | B．news website | C．geography magazine | D．music book |
【推荐1】Can you write the Chinese character（汉字）"ganga" (embarrassment) correctly? Do you know how to write characters like "tiaozhou"(broom)?
If you can't, you're not alone. Nowadays, most people are typing into computers instead of writing on paper. We type Chinese characters largely according to their pronunciation. The result is to recognize（认出）characters without remembering how to write them. China Youth Daily did a survey of 2,517 people, in which 90 percent said they had once forgotten how to write a common Chinese character.
Compared to adults, teenagers are better at writing Chinese characters because they spend more time learning and practicing at school. However, the influence of digital（数字的）technology cannot be ignored（忽视）, according to He Yu, head of a research team for Chinese teaching at a Beijing high school. "Many students are obsessed with digital tools such as mobile phones and computers to help with their studies. As a result, too much use of these tools will make students too lazy to think and write. " he said Such worries have brought about：popular TV show titled Chinese Spelling Hero, which pays attention to Chinese character writing among teenagers.
In April, the Ministry of Education called for better calligraphy（书法）education in schools.
Organizations like the China Calligraphers Association are also working to train more teachers in calligraphy. Interestingly, calligraphy teachers can't always ignore the influence of modern technology. Shen Bin is a calligraphy teacher at a primary school in Beijing. She said that it's common for teachers like her to forget certain words. "My calligraphy class is also a good chance for me to remember how to write. " she said.
1. We type Chinese characters largely according to their _________.| A．spelling | B．pronunciation | C．meaning | D．shape |
| A．2,517 | B．90 | C．252 | D．2,265 |
| A．沉迷的 | B．轻松的 | C．厌倦的 | D．随意的 |
| A．Adults are better at writing Chinese characters than teenagers. |
| B．Students will be too lazy to think and write if they use the digital tools too much. |
| C．The TV show Chinese Spelling Hero pays attention to Chinese writing among adults. |
| D．Modern technology has no influence on calligraphy teachers. |
【推荐2】I am my mother’s third girl. When I was born, the doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was missing, below the elbow(肘). Then he gave her some advice, “Don’t treat her any differently from the other girls.” And she did!
There were five girls in our family and we all had to help out. Once when I was about seven, I came out of the kitchen, “Mum, I can’t peel potatoes. I only have one hand.” “You get back to peel those potatoes, and don’t ever use that as an excuse for anything again!”
Of course I could peel potatoes-with my good hand and my other arm. “Jenny, if you try hard enough,” she said, “you can do anything.”
Once in the second grade, our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bars(攀爬架).When it was my turn, I said no, some kids laughed. I went home crying.
The next afternoon Mum took me back to the school playground. “Now, pull up with your right arm,” she advised. She praised me when I made progress. I’ll never forget when I was crossing the bar, the kids were standing there with their mouths open.
It was the way with everything. Mum had the courage to face anything. And she taught me I could, too.
1. How many younger sisters do I have?| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five |
| A．My arm could be all right soon. |
| B．The other girls had the same arms as me. |
| C．My mum should look after me differently. |
| D．My mum should treat me the same as others. |
| A．Jenny. | B．Jenny’s mum. | C．Jenny’s sister. | D．Nobody. |
| A．My Bad Mother | B．Mother’s Different Love |
| C．A doctor’s Advice | D．When I Was Young |
France
French people greet each other with a handshake, but close friends kiss each other on both cheeks when they meet. They do this gesture when meeting and before leaving.
South Korea
In South Korea, it is a sign of respect for people to bow when greeting each other. In Korea, a bow is followed by a handshake. When shaking someone’s hand, it is polite to support the right forearm (前臂) with the left hand. However, South Korean women do not shake hands with Western men; instead, they bow slightly.
Brazil
Kissing women on the cheek is a common way of greeting. In a formal situation, a handshake is often done to show respect. Men should shake hands before and after meeting, and once they have become familiar with each other, a light hug is often given to each other.
Ghana
In a social situation, it’s polite to greet everyone in the room. A handshake is used in greeting, and one palm (手掌) must directly touch the other palm. It’s considered disrespectful to touch the back of the hand.
The Philippines
There are several ways of greeting people in the Philippines. An elderly person places his or her right hand on the forehead (前额) of a child to “bless” the latter. This is called “mano”. Relatives and family members greet each other with a kiss on the cheek. Friends greet each other with a polite nod or a handshake.
1. Mike kisses a French boy Jim on the cheek, they may __________.| A．meet for the first time |
| B．be close friends |
| C．be in a social situation |
| D．be in a formal situation |
| A．动作 | B．礼节 | C．准备 | D．尊重 |
| A．shake hands | B．kiss on the cheek |
| C．bow to each other | D．give a light hug |
| A．Friends greet each other with a polite nod or a handshake. |
| B．An old man blesses a child by putting his right hand on the child’s forehead. |
| C．It’s impolite to touch the back of the hand when shaking hands. |
| D．In the Philippines family members can greet each other with a kiss. |
| A．Greeting customs in different cultures |
| B．How to behave politely |
| C．All the ways to greet people |
| D．Friends should greet politely |
Indeed, some labels show the dress is famous and it is very expensive, so buyers secretly wish they might be carried forever. On the other hand, buyers who deal with the cheapest products(产品) would be pleased to do away with labels completely.
However, there is another label more important than the one showing from which store the dress was bought. When a person buys a fur coat, or a jacket, from a store, a label telling what the product is made of should be carried to it.
According to the law, this label must be carried. Besides telling what the product on show is made of, the label should be in clear English and be where one can find it easily. The information on the label must be true.
The reason for this label is that most buyers today don’t know exactly(确切地) what kind of fur or material they are buying. The buyer must believe in the store that sells the products or in what the labels say.
1. The law says that furs must carry a __________.
| A．clean label | B．clear label | C．white label | D．secret label |
| A．making furs and clothes |
| B．protecting buyers with law |
| C．keeping the buyer understood |
| D．businessmen and sellers |
| A．labels are not true |
| B．clothing stores sell cheap dresses |
| C．all the products have labels. |
| D．buyers buy the clothes with labels |
| A．A T-shirt seldom carries a label. |
| B．A fur coat with a high price often carries a false label. |
| C．A label only says what material the product is made of. |
| D．Not all buyers know the material they are buying. |
【推荐2】Some schools in China use uniforms with tracking chips（跟踪芯片）to know about where students are and stop them playing truant. They must be at school on schooldays.
This kind of uniforms can record（记录）when a student goes into the school and parents can see a short video through their smartphones.
If a student plays outside during school time, teachers and parents will know it by an alarm （警报器）if a student leaves school but doesn’t tell anyone about it, they can also know at the first time.
Eleven schools in Guizhou use this kind of uniforms, the teachers say the attendance（出勤率）goes up because of this kind of uniforms. But some people don’t like it. They think it makes students have no privacy（隐私）.
A headmaster in Guizhou says, the uniform can track students, but they only use the tracking if a student is lost or he or she doesn’t come to school.
1. The underlined phrase “play truant” means “________” in Chinese.| A．迟到 | B．失踪 | C．开小差 | D．逃课 |
| A．Beautiful | B．Smart | C．Expensive | D．Funny |
| A．How the uniforms work. | B．The reasons for making the uniforms. |
| C．Why teachers ask the students’ parents to go to school. | D．What parents can do with their smartphones. |
| A．Many schools in China are using the uniforms. |
| B．Some people think it’s not a good idea to wear such uniforms. |
| C．There will be cheaper uniforms for students. |
| D．School should not ask students to wear uniforms. |
| A．A special kind of school uniforms. | B．Why students should wear uniforms. |
| C．The history of school uniforms. | D．Some kinds of new school uniforms. |
【推荐3】Do you know the function of tears? When you feel sad, tears will roll down your face. When you are happy, especially when you laugh very hard, tears will roll down your face. But tears have a more important job than showing how you feel.
Tears can keep your eyes clean and healthy. They wash away dirt and germs （细菌）and other things that get into your eyes. Your eyes also need tears to keep them wet. Your eyes must be wet so that they can move smoothly（光滑的）. Your eyes are busy looking about all day long. They move quickly from one thing to another. If you didn’t have tears, your eyes couldn’t move, and soon you would be blind.
But do you know where your tears come from?
Scientists tell us that under each eyelid（眼皮） are tiny sacs（液囊） called tear glands（腺）. That’s where tears are made. Every time you blink（眨） your eyes, some tears are pushed out of these glands. The tears wash over your eyes and smooth them.
When you’re not laughing or crying, your tears are away—where do they go? They go away through small holes in your lower eyelid. Some of these holes lead into your nose. When you cry, the tears drop down through your nose and it starts to run. The drops that fall from your nose are your tears.
1. Tears help you by ____________.| A．making your nose wet | B．washing away dirty things in your eyes |
| C．filling up your tear glands | D．washing your cheeks and nose |
| A．tear glands | B．the noses | C．the eyelid | D．small holes |
| A．look for | B．look at | C．look here and there | D．look after |
| A．show your feelings | B．keep your eyes clean |
| C．see without your glasses | D．be blind |
| A．what makes people sad | B．the importance of tears |
| C．how and why people have tears | D．why people cry when they are happy |
【推荐1】As space science develops, man has learned more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also dangerous. While working in space, spacemen are facing danger as well as success.
Scientists have found out that the radiation (辐射) is the greatest danger to spacemen in space. When spacemen are working in space, they are in danger of the radiation from the sun and other stars, which is bad for their health.
The harm of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may work a little, but no really effective medicine has been found so far.
Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to spacemen. It’s reported that there were 9,000 man-made things flying in space. About 30% of these are satellites, 10% are spaceships, and the rest are space rubbish. An explosion (爆炸) in space in 1999 made a cloud of 300, 000 fragment (碎片), each at least 4mm in size. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some damage (损坏).
Scientists are watching and reporting any possible danger all the time. They are working to deal with space rubbish. Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the earth.
We may even choose to leave the earth and live in space in a few years. So we should do something to help improve the space environment.
1. The radiation from the sun and other stars is ________.| A．good | B．helpful | C．useful | D．harmful |
| A．spacemen working in space | B．people only on the earth |
| C．all the people except children | D．the old people on the earth |
| A．two | B．three | C．four | D．five |
| A．Scientists have found out ways to solve any problem in space. |
| B．Every one of us can have a travel to space in ten years. |
| C．The harm of the radiation may be found in the spacemen’s children. |
| D．Space is really dangerous, so it doesn’t interest anyone on the earth. |
| A．Space Radiation | B．Space Danger | C．Space Junk | D．Space Travel |
【推荐2】Do you want to become an astronaut? If you want to be one of the few people to experience the thrill of lift-of (发射) and see the Earth from the space and float (漂浮) in a spacecraft (航天器), and then how do you go about it?
First, you must really want to become an astronaut as it takes many years of study and work before you even begin your astronaut training. Most astronauts begin when they are between 27 and 37.
Second, you need to be clever enough to attend a university to study engineering, medicine or one of sciences. Many astronauts also learn to be pilots (航天员) in their country’s air force (空军).
Third, astronauts come from many different countries, so they need to speak English. Then they can all talk to one another.
Fourth, you must be healthy as astronaut training can be very tiring.
Lastly, on a spacecraft, astronauts live and work in very small space, so you need to get on well with people.
Are you still interested? If so, maybe you will become one of the men or women that orbit (环绕……运行) the Earth in a spacecraft, walk in space or visit Mars. See you in space!
1. The underlined word “thrill” means ________.| A．Excitement | B．sadness | C．anger | D．tiredness |
| A．at the university | B．in the army | C．between 27 and 37 | D．older than 37 |
| A．study in different countries | B．be cleverer than common people |
| C．be pilots in the air force at first | D．study engineering, medicine or one of the sciences |
| A．actions | B．gestures | C．English | D．French |
| A．walk and fly in space | B．orbit the Earth or visit Mars |
| C．live and work together as a team | D．live and work in very large space |
【推荐3】“天宫课堂”再开讲！有哪些精彩内容？
Do you still remember the lecture from China’s Tiangong space station last year? On March 23, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu gave another one!
Hot “ice”
Last time, the astronauts made a water ball in space.
The supersaturated solution is very unstable (不稳定的). The astronauts dropped a small crystal (晶体) of sodium acetate into the ball-shaped solution. Suddenly, more sodium acetate crystals grew, making a white ball of “ice”. This “ice” is anything but cold, however.
A bridge of water
How do you build a “bridge” with water? It’s hard to do it on Earth.
Separate water and oil
If we mix oil and water in a bottle on Earth, they will quickly separate (分离) because they have different densities (密度). Gravity brings the water down while the oil stays on top.
How can we separate them, then? In the lecture, Ye Guangfu rotated (旋转) the bottle to create centrifugal force (离心力). With this man-made gravity, the heavier water is pushed to the furthest point, which brings the lighter oil closer to the center.
TEENS
| A．However, if you do this in the space station, with no gravity, the oil and water will blend. |
| B．It was livestreamed (直播) worldwide. |
| C．This time, they turned a water ball into an “ice” ball! |
| D．But in the space station, with little gravity (重力), it’s quite easy! |
| E．The process actually gives off heat! |
