China is one of the biggest tea production countries in the world. Tea has a history of 5,000 years in China. It is said Shen Nong was good at farming and he discovered tea by accident. An ancient road makes tea popular around China. It is the Ancient Tea Horse Road.
The Ancient Tea Horse Road can date back to the Han Dynasty. It then continued developing in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. There were two main roads. One began in Sichuan province. The other began in Yunnan province. Each one ended in Tibet (西藏).
People in Tibet have a tea history of about 1,000 years. The weather in Tibet is dry and cold. People there need to eat a lot and keep warm. Tea can help them digest (消化). But tea can’t grow in Tibet. They used to sell their horses for tea. So tea and horses were traded through the Ancient Tea Horse Road.
In the past, horses carried bags of tea from Yunnan to Tibet. The trip took more than two months. In Sichuan, the road was very difficult for horses. So only people carried bags of tea. And each young worker carried 15 bags of tea. Each bag weighed 10 kg.
The Ancient Tea Horse Road not only served as a trading road, but also a bridge connecting different nationalities (民族)—such as Han and Tibetan people.
1. Shen Nong was good at ________.| A．tea making | B．farming | C．carrying | D．trading |
| A．The Yuan Dynasty. | B．The Qing Dynasty. |
| C．The Han Dynasty. | D．The Tang Dynasty. |
| A．Yunnan | B．Guizhou | C．Sichuan | D．Tibet |
| A．Different kinds of tea were grown in Tibet. |
| B．Both tea and horses were traded through the road. |
| C．Horses were used in Yunnan and Sichuan to carry tea. |
| D．The trip from Sichuan to Tibet took over two months in the past. |
| A．Different Nationalities in China | B．Horse Trading in Tibet |
| C．The Ancient Tea Horse Road | D．Chinese Tea Production |
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【推荐1】Attention, everybody! You need to focus! And, in fact, it shouldn’t be difficult.
Some people say the average person’s attention span（持续时间）has declined to eight seconds—shorter than that of the goldfish. This, however, is not supported by science. Our ability to focus is actually very complex. It can’t just be measured using time. And scientists say the ability of healthy people to pay attention hasn’t become weaker. “There is no real evidence that it’s changed,” said Michael Posner, an American scientist.
However, it has been widely reported that our attention span has declined.
The claim is said to come from a report by Microsoft. In 2015, the American company published a 52-page report. It said the average human attention span had dropped from twelve to eight seconds. The report also mentioned the average attention span of goldfish（nine seconds）. “That means goldfish are better at focusing than human beings,” it concluded. The report has been picked up hundreds of times.
But scientists say the report is not reliable（可信赖的）. It is based on a 2008 study which followed only 25 people.
Edward Vogel is a scientist who studies human attention. Attention span, he says, is a very complex idea. It includes at least three abilities. The first is about the ability to focus on something for a certain period of time. The second describes the ability to avoid distraction（注意力分散）. The third is about the ability to switch from one task to another. Scientists use lots of tests to measure these abilities.
You probably know very well whether you are good at focusing without taking any tests. In fact, if you’ve read this far, your attention span is certainly better than that of the goldfish!
1. By writing this article, the author mainly wants to ________.| A．advise people to take attention span tests |
| B．correct people’s wrong idea about attention span |
| C．introduce people to the 2015 report by Microsoft |
| D．praise at Microsoft for publishing the 2015 report |
| A．was one second longer than that of the goldfish |
| B．was one second shorter than that of the goldfish |
| C．was three seconds longer than that of the goldfish |
| D．was three seconds shorter than that of the goldfish |
| A．the ability to avoid things that prevent you from focusing |
| B．the ability to move your attention from one task to another |
| C．the ability to pay attention to something for a period of time |
| D．the ability to find out the differences between two similar things |
| A．Any report published by Microsoft is unreliable. |
| B．It’s impossible for scientists to measure people’s attention span. |
| C．The average human attention span has declined to eight seconds |
| D．Few healthy people are really poorer at paying attention than the goldfish. |
【推荐2】A lot of animals travel from one place to another. We call this migration (迁徙).
In Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and water. They usually follow the same ways every year.
A lot of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. They are usually birds that eat insects. They spend the summer in northern Europe, because there are lots of insects there. In winter there aren’t any insects, so the birds fly south to southern Europe and Africa.
Arctic terns (北极燕鸥) travel the furthest when they migrate. They spend the summer in the Arctic, but when winter comes, they fly to the Antarctic, because it’s summer there. The next year they fly back to the Arctic again. In one year these small birds travel 36,000 km from one end of the earth to the other and back again. Nobody knows how they do it.
Some fish migrate to breed. Salmons (鲑鱼) can swim over 20,000 km in their life. They are born in rivers in Ireland, Scotland and other places in northern Europe. The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are grown-ups. Then they return to the river where they were born. They lay their eggs in the river and then they usually die. Salmons do this, because their eggs are safer in the river. Other fish can’t eat them.
1. According to the passage, many birds fly to Africa in winter to find ________.| A．partners | B．water | C．land | D．food |
| A．They live in Antarctic all year. | B．They migrate to find food. |
| C．They travel further than the salmon. | D．They are big birds. |
| A．produce babies | B．look for food |
| C．live longer | D．avoid winter |
| A．In the rivers in Ireland. | B．In the Atlantic Ocean. |
| C．In the river where they were born. | D．In the sea in Scotland. |
| A．the migration of animals | B．the time of migration |
| C．the direction of migration | D．the result of migration |
【推荐3】Have you ever had a dream about travelling to another planet in our solar system? If you have, there is a real programme that is happening right now, and it hopes to send people to Mars in 2023.
Known as the Mars One Mission, it will send a crew of four people on a one-way mission to colonize (开拓殖民地) Mars. Those chosen people will have to be ready to say good-bye to Earth forever, as there will not be a return trip.
For the people chosen, they will have to learn to do many different things. First of all, they will be living the rest of their lives with just a handful of other people, so they all must have personalities that allow them to get along. Second, the living quarters that they will have won’t be very spacious, so they will have to deal with that living condition as well. If they are feeling homesick, they will only be able to communicate with people back on Earth through e-mail and videos and audio sent back or forth. However, there won’t be any real-time communication. Even at a speed of light, communication between Earth and Mars take about 20 minutes. Whether the Mars One Mission will happen is the big question that a lot of people are asking.
There is many doubts in the science community and Wired magazine gave the mission a miserable score of two out of ten on its possibility. However, for those who dream to go to Mars, at least they can say there is a possibility that it could happen.
1. What is Mars One Mission?| A．To build a communication station on Mars |
| B．To travel to another planet in solar system |
| C．To send four people to live on Mars forever. |
| D．To make some people’s dream of going to Mars come true. |
| A．They will return to Earth. |
| B．They will have to live with other people. |
| C．They will communicate with people on Earth. |
| D．They will live in quarters that is small and narrow. |
| A．People who don’t like to communicate. |
| B．People with angry personalities. |
| C．People who get homesick easily. |
| D．People who is easy going. |
| A．It will take a few seconds for a message to come back from Mars. |
| B．Whether the Mars One Mission will happen hasn’t been decided . |
| C．Wired magazine thought Mars One Mission was very likely to happen. |
| D．The chosen people will leave next year if the Mars One Mission take place. |
【推荐1】Lanterns have been part of Chinese culture for centuries and play a major part in many celebrations. In ancient times, there were mainly three kinds of lanterns:
Palace lantern(宫灯)
Gauze lantern(纱灯)
Less expensive bamboo and gauze were used to cover the lantern. Red gauze was used when making them.
Spring Festival and National Day in parks or along main streets. In some famous Chinatowns abroad, you can see red lanterns all the year round.
Shadow-picture lantern(走马灯)
It was usually used for amusement.
Now more kinds of lanterns appear in festivals besides the traditional ones. More modern technology is used on making lanterns.
| A．In Chinese culture, red lanterns are symbols of happiness. |
| B．The shapes of the modern lanterns have changed a lot too. |
| C．It was mainly used in palaces in ancient times. |
| D．The shape was much like that of the palace lanterns. |
| E．They have become a symbol of Chinese culture worldwide. |
【推荐2】 The Chinese knot (中国结) is a kind of Chinese folk art. It began in the Tang and Song Dynasty in China. Later it became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasty.
People usually use a long thread (线) to make a Chinese knot. Chinese knots look the same from both the front and the back. There are many different shapes of Chinese knots such as butterflies, flowers, birds, dragons, fish and even shoes.
In Chinese, “knot” means “friendliness (友情) , love and good luck”. People use Chinese knots to show their good wishes. They name Chinese knots according to their shapes and meanings. Chinese knots can be of different colors. And the most popular color is red because it means good luck and happiness in China.
With its traditional beauty and ever-changing forms, the Chinese knot is a symbol of the long and splendid (灿烂的) Chinese culture.
阅读短文，然后根据文章内容判断下列各句是否正确，正确的用“T”、错误的用“F”表示。1. The Chinese knot began in the Ming and Qing Dynasty.
2. People usually use several threads to make a Chinese knot.
3. The Chinese knot can be of different shapes and colors.
4. People name Chinese knots just according to their shapes.
5. Red Chinese knots mean friendliness, love, good luck and happiness.
【推荐3】You may think you cannot live through summer without electric fans. But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only ones to help people keep cool. There are many types of hand fans with different uses.
Chinese people started to use hand fans over 2000 years ago. The fans came in different shapes such as round and square. They were also made of all kinds of materials. The ancient round fans have different shapes which are made according to their own preferences. Palm leaf (棕桐) fans were cheap and easy to make. Feather fans (羽毛扇) can be used only by the rich. Sandalwood (檀香) fans could send out a sweet smell.
Later, hand fans became far more than just something that could cool you down. They developed into artworks in which tuanshan (round fans) and zheshan (folded fans) were the most common. In the shape of a full moon tuanshan were usually made of silk. They had beautiful birds and flowers on them. Women, especially those in the imperial palace (皇宫) liked to use them.
Meanwhile, men, especially the literati (文人), used zheshan. The literati liked them because zheshan were usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to show off their ability in literature painting and handwriting. Almost anything can be painted on zheshan.
A small fan can show its unique charm (独特魅力) in the hand and has played an important role in Chinese traditional art for thousands of years. Today Chinese people still use these fans. Fans come in many shapes and materials including plastic cloth and so on. According to different usage we invent electric fans which can be carried around and are more convenient to use.
1. When did Chinese people start to use hand fans? ______| A．Over 3000 years ago. | B．Less than 2000 years ago. |
| C．Over 1000 years ago. | D．More than 2000 years ago. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
| A．In ancient Chinathere were only two types of hand fans. |
| B．Tuanshan were usually made of silk. |
| C．Palm leaf fans could send out a sweet smell. |
| D．In the shape of a full moontuanshan were usually made of cotton. |
| A．Electric fans. | B．Art works. | C．Hand fans. | D．Round fans. |
| A．Hand Fans in Ancient China. |
| B．Differences between Hand Fans and Electric Fans. |
| C．How to Use Hand Fans. |
| D．The Importance of Hand Fans. |
【推荐1】Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert(沙漠) or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well,next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(装置) which uses satellite(卫星) to find the user s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car,but at least you will know where you are.
GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boat. Some of these devices have electronic maps. so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of he street.
There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand,or have it fixed into your car,plane,etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting(绕轨道飞行) the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches . Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.
1. According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people _________.| A．can’t be lost in a new city |
| B．can’t find their way in different countries |
| C．can learn about the culture of an unknown place |
| D．can spend the least time getting to another |
| A．there are three parts to the GPS |
| B．a GPS can’t be put into u watch |
| C．a GPS can help you start your car |
| D．the GPS are becoming more and more expensive |
| A．the history of the GPS | B．the introduction of the GPS |
| C．the shape of the GPS | D．the three parts of the GPS |
| A．All GPS devices have electronic map. |
| B．People in many counties will use the GPS for free. |
| C．The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites. |
| D．The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life. |
Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu.
Warmer Weather Brings Germs
The world’s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people.
Under Your Skin
Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth.
Fighting Germs
Your immune system(免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells(细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies(抗体). Antibodies help your body find and stop germs.
What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.
1. According to the text, insects ______.
| A．kill germs | B．carry germs | C．protect germs |
| A．cooler countries | B．hot countries | C．the world |
| A．All germs are dangerous. |
| B．There are more germs in cold places. |
| C．Germs can get into your body. |
| A．They get inside your body and kill your immune system . |
| B．They carry dangerous germs. |
| C．They help protect us from germs. |
| A．Germs Are Everywhere | B．Weather Is Changing | C．Skin Stops Germs |
The summer holiday is the best time of the year for most students. The weather is good, so they can spend most of their time playing outside .If one lives in the country, he can go on a trip into the woods or in the fields. If one lives in a big city, he can go to a park to play.
The best place for a summer holiday is the seaside. Some children are lucky enough to live near the sea. But for the others who do not, if they have the chance to stay at one of the big seaside towns for a week or two, they will talk about it all the following school year.
Now, what makes children like the seaside so much? I think it is the sand, the sea and the sun, not anything else. Of course, there are lots of new things to see, nice things to eat and interesting things to do. But the feeling of the sand under their feet, the salt water on their skin, and the warm sun on their backs make them happier.
1. Every year, school children have the final exams in ____, and the exam means the school year will end.
| A．May | B．January | C．July | D．December |
| A．stay at home | B．go on a trip to the woods |
| C．go on a trip in the fields | D．go to a park to play |
| A．park | B．seaside | C．city | D．country |
| A．The beautiful parks | B．The new things |
| C．The sand, the sea and the sun | D．The people near the sea |
| A．After the final exams ,school children will stay at school for extra classes. |
| B．The summer holidays is a good time to go out for a trip. |
| C．The children from the countryside can have a good time in the woods in the summer holiday. |
| D．If some children go on a trip to the seaside, they will have many things to talk about. |
【推荐1】Coffee is one of the world’s most popular drinks. But as the amount we drink increases, so does the number of trees being cut down to make room for it.
According to the International Coffee Organization, the world produced over 10 million tons of coffee in 2019-2020, while just under 6 million tons in 1990-1991. However, a 2014 study said that the world could lose about 50% of the land area fit for coffee production by 2050 because of climate (气候) change.
For the above two reasons, making lab-grown coffee is necessary.
A team of Finnish scientists has created the first cup of lab-grown coffee that both smells and tastes like the real thing.
Cells (细胞) are taken from the leaves of coffee plants to grow more cells in a bioreactor (生物反应器). The cells are then collected, dried and roasted (烘烤) so they can be made into coffee.
Dr. Heiko Rischer, who has been leading the project, told New Atlas that growing coffee in this way uses less water and even needs, less transportation because of local production. Production also doesn’t depend on the season, and there is no need for pesticides (杀虫剂). “The experience of drinking the very first cup was exciting,” Rischer said. However, it will take four years to increase production to commercial (商业化的) levels ad be allowed to sell the coffee.
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland isn’t the sole company making lab-grown coffee. In September, another company, Seattle-based Atomo in America produced 8,000 cans (罐) of its own lab-grown coffee, but at a cost of almost $60 for just 8 small cans.
But an important question remains: Will coffee lovers actually drink the lab-grown coffee? “I think someday we’re going that way because of all the natural coffee sources disappearing.” said Satu, a server in a coffee shop. “So, we have to accept it if it tastes good and smells nice, so why not?”
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. What will be caused when people drink more coffee?
| A．Less land will be polluted. | B．More trees will be cut down. |
| C．Less water can be used daily. | D．The climate will become warmer. |
① Collect cells. ② Take cells from leaves.
③ Dry and roast the cells. ④ Grow cells in a bioreactor.
| A．①→②→③→④ | B．①→③→②→④ |
| C．②→④→①→③ | D．②→③→①→④ |
| A．first | B．last | C．only | D．best |
| A．The future of lab-grown coffee. | B．The advantages of lab-grown coffee. |
| C．The conditions of making lab-grown coffee. | D．The reasons why lab-grown coffee became popular. |
| A．Satu thinks people won’t drink lab-grown coffee. |
| B．Lab-grown coffee was only made by scientists from Finland. |
| C．Lab-grown coffee smells and tastes different from-real coffee. |
| D．Coffee production in 2019-2020 is nearly twice as that in 1990-1991. |
【推荐2】Sherry Gao is pouring coffee made from Yunnan beans, hoping that her coffee shop in the city of Pasadena, California introduces you to your new favorite coffee and turns your opinions about Chinese coffee beans upside down.
_________ But Gao hopes that throwing light on Yunnan-sourced coffee could expose customers to the coffee-producing region and help to break down prejudice against the beans, which for tens of years were mostly used for instant products.
“We wanted to highlight Chinese coffee because a lot of people never had Chinese coffee before,” Gao said. “Some have the prejudice that it’s bad or cheap, but that’s not the case anymore. It’s been changing so much over the last decade.” Recent producing process, such as the addition of fruit, is leading Yunnan’s coffee to better results. “Every time a new product comes in, it tastes better than the last one,” Gao said.
Farmers in China have grown tea for more than 3,000 years, but coffee has been grown there for only about a century in fewer areas. There was an uptick in the 1980s with government’s efforts. And the turn of the century and the 2010s saw a sharp growth with international companies investing in the coffee planting. But in the last 10 to 15 years, tastes and need for special and high-grade coffees appeared, especially from local growers and shops. The domestic demand for China-grown coffee has risen so rapidly that Gao says it’s now much more expensive.
To further connect with the community, Gao hopes to hold classes for Yunnan coffee introduction. After all, she says, the Yunnan coffee tastes excellent when made in one’s own kitchen with a pour-over system. She hopes it’s only a matter of time before Yunnan coffee becomes popular among the homemade coffee lovers.
1. What’s a misunderstanding of Chinese coffee beans?| A．They are of poor quality. |
| B．They have fewer producing areas. |
| C．They have a strange taste. |
| D．They are used in cheap coffee shops. |
| A．Much of the Western world doesn’t use good Chinese coffee. |
| B．Much of the Western world drinks instant coffee most of the time. |
| C．Much of the Western world prefers coffee in the coffee shops. |
| D．Much of the Western world buys its coffee from Africa and South America. |
| A．Difference. | B．Rise. | C．Introduction. | D．Drop. |
| A．Offer community members coffee for free. |
| B．Buy a pour-over system for her shop. |
| C．Teach people to make Chinese coffee at home. |
| D．Keep up with homemade coffee fans. |
| A．Increasing Yunnan Coffee Production |
| B．A Coffee Shop Using Chinese Coffee Beans |
| C．Waking People Up to Yunnan Coffee |
| D．Introducing Coffee to People’s Daily Life |
【推荐3】As people are becoming more socially conscious about where their food comes from and how it influences the planet, they are choosing animal-free plant-based options. While there are a large number of plant-based milk substitutes (替代品), none of them have the same taste of cow’s milk. Now, an Israeli food-tech Startup Remilk created real dairy products without harming a single cow or the planet.
The company stresses that their product Remilk is not a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. Made from a special process called microbial fermentation (微生物发酵)，milk is produced in a lab instead of in a cow. And the end product is very healthy. “In a very simple way, we take the gene that encodes (编码) for the milk protein,” said Aviv Wolff, CEO of Remilk. “The gene functions as an instruction book for the production of the protein it encodes. And so, we put the gene into a microbe that we’ve developed and it instructs our microbe to produce the specific protein.”
The company says that the lab-produced milk tastes the same as the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. They expect to roll out plant-based cheese and yogurt in addition to milk. “Remilk was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is hot an option,” Wolf said. “But today’s milk comes with an unreasonable price tag. The dairy industry is harmful to our planet, our health, and our animals, and is simply not sustainable (可持续的) anymore.”
The environmental price tag of dairy farming is way too high. Dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as foul the air around them. Dairy operations need large amounts of water and run-off of fertilizers (肥料) from these farms get into local waterways. The production of Remilk uses only 5 percent of the resources and produces only I percent of the waste of producing cow’s milk according to the company. And they succeed in doing this by being 100 percent cruelty-free unlike dairy farms.
1. What makes Remilk different from other milk substitutes?| A．It has the highest output. | B．It enjoys broad popularity. |
| C．It comes in various tastes. | D．It tastes the same as cow’s milk. |
| A．Dairy industries should be shut down. |
| B．Remilk was set up for animal protection. |
| C．Remilk aims to produce animal-free food. |
| D．Prices of cow’s milk are going up these days. |
| A．heat | B．pollute | C．clean | D．waste |
