We use money every day to pay for things we buy. We pay with either coins or paper notes. This sort of money is known as cash.
Almost anything can be used as money. In the past people have used shells, beads, cocoa beans, salt, grain and even cattle. Coins have become popular because they are easy to carry around and they last for a long time.
Coins were first used in China. Ancient Greeks also used them as early as 600BC. They were stamped with the mark of the country for which they were made. The stamp also showed how much each coin was worth.
Early coins were made of silver and gold and were worth a lot of money. Later coins were made of cheaper metals but people agreed they were worth the amount (金额) stamped on them. Later, people began to use paper money as well as coins. The value of the paper was not high but banks agreed they were worth the amount written on them.
The earliest form of trade was when people simply swapped things. This was called bartering. |
Money has been made in all sorts of shapes and sizes, especially in ancient China. |
American Indians used beads and shells made into decorative patters as money. |
Coins have been used for centuries. They are easy to make and last a long time. |
Banknotes are a written promise to pay a certain amount of money. |
Credit cards and cheques are sometimes used instead of money. |
1. People can only use paper notes to buy things.
2. Chinese people used coins before 600BC.
3. Stamps are a kind of money as well.
4. If you travelled to ancient China, knife-shaped money might be seen.
5. One advantage of coins is that they are long lasting.
相似题推荐
【推荐1】There are lots of famous canals (运河) in the world. Read on to learn about some of them in numbers.
486 BC The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was built in China in 486 BC. As the oldest and longest canal in the world, it is over 1,797 miles between north and south China. |
400 In march, 2021, a ship called the Ever Given got stuck (搁浅) in the Suez Canal. It is about 400 meters long—that’s bigger than the Empire State Building (381 meters from the street to the roof) in New York, the US. |
137 The Grand Union Canal is the longest canal in the UK. It’s over 130 miles long and it connects London to Birmingham. |
32,000 Every year, about 32,000 ships pass through the Kiel Canal in Germany. It’s the busiest canal in the world. |
| A．The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. | B．The Suez Canal. | C．The Grand Union Canal. |
| A．sharing a joke | B．listing a reason | C．making a comparison |
| A．In the US. | B．In the UK. | C．In Germany. |
| A．It shows how old the Kiel Canal is. |
| B．It shows how long the Kiel Canal is. |
| C．It shows how busy the Kiel Canal is. |
| A．In a science magazine. | B．In a culture magazine. | C．In a geography magazine. |
Data in the cloud is always stored in an encrypted form in cloud storage services so that it can’t be let out. The business cloud storage systems use a specific encryption key. The key can be stored either by the service itself or by individual users. Most services keep the key themselves, allowing their systems to read and perform operations on the data. It’s much more convenient than having users keep the key themselves. But it’s also less secure. Data might not be safe if the keys are stolen.
Some less popular cloud services, including Mega and Spide Oak, requires users to upload and download files through applications that have encryption functions. This extra step lets users keep the encryption keys themselves, yet users will fail to use some functions, such as searching among their cloud stored files.
Therefore, these services aren’t flawless. There’s still a possibility that the apps might be broken in and the files can be let out. What’s more, if a user loses the password, the data will never be found back.
, it’s best to combine the features of these different ways. Before uploading data to the cloud, first encrypt it with your own encryption software. Then, upload the encrypted file to the cloud. To get the file again, download it and then decrypt it.
This, of course, prevents people from using many cloud services. And the company providing the cloud services could still do with the data before you download it.
So the best way to protect against that is to use authenticated encryption. This method not only stores the data, but also allows a user notice whether the file has been changed.
Finally, for those who don’t want to learn how to programme their own tools, here are two basic choices: Find a good cloud storage service or use a good enough encryption software. These are generally free or very low-cost.
1. What does the underlined word “flawless” probably mean?| A．perfect | B．valuable | C．important | D．convenient |
| A．To provide plenty of new data | B．To get the information easily |
| C．To protect the files in the cloud | D．To find some searching functions |
| A．Only the users can own the encryption key of the data. |
| B．The cloud services keep the encryption key for the users. |
| C．The users use authenticated encryption when storing the data. |
| D．The users upload and download the data in Mega and Spide Oak. |
| A．What is Data Security? | B．What is Encryption Key? |
| C．How to Get your Data Easily? | D．How to keep your Data Safe? |
【推荐3】If you watch the sky for about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But they are not really stars. They are manmade satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station(ISS). From May to July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth. And people can see it with their eyes during the time. The scientists want to live on the ISS. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.
When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built. The ISS is the most expensive program. Billions of dollars are spent on it every year.
Scientists hope that the ISS will be a stepping stone for future space exploration. “The ISS will be more useful some day. The ISS will help us understand the human body better, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better,” said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.
Sixteen countries are part of the space program: the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil, and 11 European countries. China isn't an ISS country, but it has helped with some of the experiments. In 2003, China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it.
1. From the first paragraph, we can learn ________．| A．we can't see the ISS with our eyes |
| B．March is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth |
| C．all the moving stars are really stars |
| D．the biggest manmade satellite is ISS |
| A．To live on the earth. |
| B．To watch the ISS flying over the earth. |
| C．To live on the ISS. |
| D．To make life on the earth better. |
| A．be used as astronauts' food |
| B．sell it to aliens |
| C．do some science experiments |
| D．make it grow better in space |
| A．16 countries are members of the space program |
| B．people can see the space station with their eyes whenever they want |
| C．building the ISS is only for scientists to live there |
| D．scientists can do anything on the ISS now |
| A．The ISS will be more helpful some day. |
| B．China will join the ISS in the future. |
| C．The ISS costs plenty of money every year. |
| D．Laboratories，living rooms and power stations are being built on the ISS. |
【推荐1】
As Chinese, I’m sure you know something about Taichi. It’s a kind of sport and one of the symbols of Chinese culture.  Taichi is common in China. If you walk through a park, you might see people doing these slow and beautiful actions. They are doing Taichi, an ancient art called Wushu. Doing Taichi is good for our health. It can make us walk and move freely. During slow actions we can pay special attention to our hands and feet. We can control them better. Taichi also mixes slow actions and deep breaths perfectly. People will become healthier by practicing it.  But Taichi is more than a kind of sport. It shows how we see the world as well. The world is full of yin and yang, such as dark and light, soft and hard, full and empty etc. Taichi sets up good relationships between yin and yang, while they aren’t opposite. Just like the picture on the left, a white circle is in the black area and a black circle is in the white area. After a dark night, the sun will rise. Leaves fall in autumn but grow in spring. Everything keeps changing— that is how we should see the world. Yin and yang depend on each other and make differences to each other. That is why humans can get on well with nature and people can use softness to beat hardness. Taichi makes full of yin and yang. In China, Taichi has been practiced for about 600 years. At present, more people are encouraged to join in the Taichi and pass it on. Over 100 million people in more than 150 countries practice Taichi. It is getting more and more popular in the world. |
| A．slow and beautiful | B．quick and free | C．quick and beautiful |
| A．Wushu and sport | B．walking and moving | C．hands and feet |
| A．It shows us that yin and yang are opposite. |
| B．It shows us that nothing is changing. |
| C．It shows us the relationships between yin and yang. |
| A．For about 600 years. |
| B．For about 100 years. |
| C．For about 150 years. |
| A．BUSINESS & DEVELOPMENT |
| B．SPORTS & CULTURE |
| C．TRAVEL & TRANSPORTATION |
【推荐2】①Recently, Zibo barbecue (烧烤) has become so popular that people all over China travel there to taste it. Do you know why it became popular? Maybe here are some of the reasons.
②First, maybe it’s because of a promise between the local government and thousands of college students. Last year during the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情), thousands of college students were stuck (被困) in Zibo. The local government helped the students to get through the hard times and offered a great barbecue dinner when the quarantine (隔离) was over. The government officers also invited the students to come back to Zibo again when spring came.
③What’s more, Zibo barbecue is different from the ones in other cities and the food is special and delicious. Zibo’s barbecue restaurants have a small grill (烤案) on each table. People need to cook on the grill by themselves. When the food is ready, you put it onto a small pancake, and then add scallions and sauce (葱和蘸料) before eating. And if you want to taste the barbecue in Zibo restaurants, you have to book a table several days earlier, or there wouldn’t be any seats (座位) for you.
④Finally, it’s because of the friendly and warm-hearted people there. People in the restaurant don’t know each other before, but they just talk naturally about daily life and sing together. The bosses of the restaurants are very kind and friendly to the customers. Some local people will put off (推迟) their orders if they hear there aren’t enough seats. They want tourists from other places to have the chance to eat.
⑤Why is Zibo barbecue so popular? I think you know the reason now.
1. What did the local government offer the college students stuck in Zibo when the quarantine was over?| A．A job promise. | B．A great barbecue dinner. |
| C．Some free tickets. | D．Good restaurant service. |
| A．The food is special and delicious. |
| B．People need to cook on the grill by themselves. |
| C．Zibo’s barbecue restaurants have a big grill on each table. |
| D．People have to book a table earlier if they want to taste it. |
| A．Because they think it’s too crowded. |
| B．Because they don’t like the barbecue very much. |
| C．Because they want enough seats to have barbecue. |
| D．Because they want tourists to have the chance to eat. |
| A．Why Zibo barbecue became popular. |
| B．How to make delicious barbecue. |
| C．People in Zibo are friendly and warm-hearted. |
| D．We should keep the promise that we made. |
| A．①/②③④/⑤ | B．①②/③④/⑤ | C．①②③/④⑤ | D．①/②③/④⑤ |
【推荐3】New York City is a very large city with 8 million people. How do so many people move on their way to work and school?
In New York you can travel around the city by underground, bus, taxi and car. The underground train runs on the railway lines under the city. It crosses the city at different points and goes to all parts of the city. Travelling by underground is the fastest way to get around the city.
The second way to travel around the city is by bus. It is a slower way to travel. This is because the bus moves on the road on which traffic is often heavy.
You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is very expensive, but the taxi will take you to every place you wish to go to. If traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons, there are rush hours. This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and back from work.
The last way to get around New York is using your own car. It is inconvenient(不方便的)since you will perhaps be driving in the rush hour. If there is an accident on the road, you will have to wait for a long time.
The best time to travel around the city is from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. This is the time after the morning rush hour and before the afternoon rush hour. Traffic will be less crowded during this time since most people are already at work or at home.
1. How many ways of travelling around New York City are mentioned(提及) in the passage?| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．by bus | B．by underground | C．by taxi | D．by car |
| A．taxi | B．underground | C．bus | D．car |
| A．比赛中的冲刺时刻 | B．匆匆忙忙的几小时 |
| C．(上下班) 交通高峰时刻 | D．几小时内所跑的路程 |
| A．From 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. | B．From 3 p.m. to 10 a.m. |
| C．From 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. | D．From 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. |
【推荐1】Top student Wang Hanbing had a problem. The 14-year-old boy used to get marks of over 90 points (out of 100 points) on his Chinese tests. But during last term’s final exams, his Chinese score was only 70 points. “I didn’t know what happened,” said Wang, who felt frustrated (沮丧的) with Chinese during the following months. Like Wang, many of us experience failure in our daily life. What would you do to deal with those problems? Would you just let them stay there and give up? Wang chose to face his problem. His parents and teacher also gave him a lot of help. After some hard work, he now gets marks between 90 and 95 points on his Chinese tests: “Don’t be afraid of difficulties,” he said. “You will beat them if you try your best. He also said that his deskmate told him some useful advice.
Zhang Nan from Shenzhen also has a story to tell. The 15-year-old girl was not good at doing sit-ups ( 仰卧起坐）which is necessary for the Senior High School Entrance Examination (中考). One has to do at least 28 sit-ups in a minute to pass the test. However, she could only do 20. Feeling worried, Zhang decided to do something. She practiced doing sit-ups for half an hour every day after school. After a month, she could do 30 sit-ups in a minute. “I finally know what made me slow through practice, and then I improve the skill little by little,” said Zhang.
1. What problem did Wang Hanbing have?| A．He didn’t get on well with his classmates. | B．He didn’t do well in his Chinese as before. |
| C．He didn’t get on well with his Chinese teacher. | D．He was bored with learning math. |
| A．parents | B．Chinese teacher | C．best friend | D．deskmate |
| A．Both of them got success with others’ help. |
| B．Neither of them got a good result in the end. |
| C．Both of them dealt with their problems alone. |
| D．Both of them were positive (积极的) about their difficulties. |
| A．Face the difficulties actively. | B．Experience failure in life. |
| C．Try to be a better student. | D．Do more exercise daily. |
| The Cartoon Museum Come and see the best of British cartoon art. There is something for everyone-including popular cartoon characters and a great shop full of funny books and cards. Price: ￡ 4.00 Opening time:Tuesday-Saturday 10：30a.m.一5：30p.m. Sunday 12：00a.m.一6：00p.m. | |
| Cox's Hotel Tel：01789 404600 E-mail:info@coxshotel.co.uk Website:www.coxshotel.co.uk Opening time： Coffee shop：9：00a.m.一6：00p.m. Tea room：10：30a.m.一5：30p.m. Pub：12：00a.m.一10：00p.m. （Weekdays） 12：00a.m.一12：00p.m. （Weekends） | Stratford Butterfly（蝴蝶）Farm Tel：01789 299288 E-mail:sales@butterflyfarm.co.uk Visit:www.butterflyfarm.co.uk Price：￡5.50 adult（成人）£4.50 child £16 family Opening Hours:Summer 10：00a.m.一6：00p.m. Winter 10：00a.m.一4：30p.m. |
1. Where can we get funny cards when we visit the UK?
| A．In the Cartoon Museum. | B．On Stratford Butterfly Farm. |
| C．At Cox 's Hotel. | D．At Cox 's pub. |
| A．9:00a. m. 一6:00p. m. on Friday. | B．10:30a. m. 一 5:30p. m. on Tuesday. |
| C．1:30p. m. 一8:00p. m. on Saturday. | D．10:00a. m.一4:30p. m. on Monday. |
| A．￡16. | B．￡32. | C．￡18. | D．￡22. |
【推荐3】My aunt Nancy is a truck driver. When she left school, she didn’t know what she wanted to do, so she went to work in a supermarket. One day, she was talking to one of the truck drivers at the supermarket, and she got the idea to drive a truck herself. She went home and told her parents (my grandparents), and they thought it was a good idea.
Nancy’s journeys are different every day, and she goes to every part of the country. She enjoys the driving, but she says that one day, she wants to get a job with a different company(公司) so that she can drive to more places.
Nancy says she likes being out on the road, seeing new towns all the time, but the best thing about driving trucks for her is talking to everyone she sees during her working day. She also says the trucks are comfortable, so she doesn’t mind sleeping in them. For her, they are her home on wheels!
I asked my grandparents what they thought about Nancy’s job. They are happy that Nancy is happy, so they don’t want her to change jobs. But they worry about her because it’s sometimes a dangerous job and she spends a lot of time away from home.
根据短文内容判断正、误。（注意：考生将答题卡相应的位置涂黑。正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”）
1. When Nancy left school, she had her own dream job in mind.
2. At the supermarket, Nancy got the idea to be a truck driver.
3. Nancy hopes to work for a different company in the future.
4. Nancy’s favorite part about the job is sleeping in the trucks.
5. From the passage, we know that Nancy’s parents think the job is perfect.
