Chips, cookies and ice-cream...Many kinds of food that we like are ultra-processed (超加工). And you may be addicted to (上瘾) them, said a new study in the British Medical Journal.
What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)? In short, you can’t re-create them in your kitchen. They are usually made in factories. They have long list of additives (添加剂)—some you may never have heard of.
The study looked into 281 other studies from 36 different countries and areas. It found that UPF lovers may strongly crave such food. If they stop eating it, they can feel very sad.
Why are UPFs addictive? Usually, natural foods are either high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) or high in fat.
UPFs, however, are usually high in both. So, such foods can have more calories than natural foods.
Such foods also bring carbohydrates and fat to the gut (肠道) faster. Our body breaks down the fat from natural foods slowly. However, the body breaks down the fat in UPFs as soon as it reaches the stomach. This makes the brain create more dopamine (多巴胺). It makes you feel happier and want to eat more.
About 14 percent of adults and 12 percent of children are addicted to UPFs, said the study. They cause problems to people’s health around the world. Scientists are now calling for more attention to the UPFs.
1. What do we know about ultra-processed foods?| A．They are actually not eatable. |
| B．We can find them in natural foods. |
| C．It takes a long time to cook them in kitchens. |
| D．They have many different kinds of additives. |
| A．Look for. | B．Run for. | C．Wish for. | D．Leave for. |
| A．The gut loves the carbohydrates in UPFs more. |
| B．UPFs arrive at the stomach faster than natural foods. |
| C．People feel happy when the body makes more dopamine after eating UPFs. |
| D．UPFs have dopamine which can make people feel happy. |
| A．Eating UPFs is a good way to become happy. |
| B．It is hard to give up UPFs on one’s own. |
| C．There will be more people addicted to UPFs. |
| D．People should eat less UPFs for health. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Mothers always tell their children what they should eat.
When Kangkang was a child, his mother often told him, “Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar.” She said it might make him ill.
Maria’s mother always took good care of Maria very well. For example, Maria’s teeth were very weak, so her mother said that she mustn’t eat too much candy or ice cream.
Milk is a healthy drink. Jane didn’t like it, but her mother always asked her to drink it. Every morning before she left for school, she had to drink a glass of milk because her mother was always watching her.
When Michael is a little child, he had to eat many vegetables and fruit to keep healthy. One day, cabbage was on his plate. As soon as Michael saw it, he got mad. But his mother made him taste it. He was surprised to find that it was delicious!
1. Why couldn’t Kangkang eat too much salt or sugar?| A．Because his mother said it might make him ill. |
| B．Because Kangkang didn’t like salt or sugar. |
| C．Because his mother didn’t take good care of him. |
| D．Because too much salt or sugar can make him healthy. |
| A．candy | B．ice cream | C．milk | D．chocolate |
| A．one | B．two | C．three | D．four |
| A．What mothers said to eat | B．Unhealthy food |
| C．How to keep healthy | D．How to take care of your child |
【推荐2】Every day people eat many kinds of foods. You shouldn’t always eat one kind of food because different foods do different jobs in your body. Here are some kinds of healthy foods.
Grains (谷物)
Grains are good for your body because they can help it work well all day. Rice is a kind of grain and Chinese people like eating rice very much.
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Meat and eggs are good for your health. Because beef, fish, chicken and eggs have protein (蛋白质). Protein makes you strong and keep your hair healthy.
Milk
Milk and many other foods have calcium(钙). Calcium keeps your body strong. Drinking milk is a healthy way to begin a day! It is an easy way for people to get calcium because there is much calcium in milk.
Fruit and vegetables.
Don’t forget fruit and vegetables. There are many kinds of vitamins (维生素) in them. You need these for your body to work well. Fruit and vegetables also give your body a lot of water.
Many kinds of foods are useful for your body!
根据语篇内容，选择最佳答案。
1. Which kind of foods is grain?
| A．Eggs. | B．Milk. | C．Rice. |
| A．Protein. | B．Vitamin. | C．Water. |
| A．Coffee and tea | B．Meat and eggs | C．Chocolate and candy |
| A．Drinking milk. | B．Having fruit. | C．Eating vegetables. |
| A．There are many ways to stay healthy. |
| B．Beef and fish are good for your health. |
| C．Different foods do different jobs in your body. |
People can’t live without food. Good eating habits can make you strong, healthy and happy, but not all food is good for your health.
●Drink some water after you get up in the morning every day. It can help you clean your body and make you feel fresh (清爽的).
●
●Don’t eat too much for three meals. It is not good for your stomach (胃) because all the food goes into it first. If you eat too much, you can be fat, too.
●Don’t always skip (跳过) your breakfast.
| A．You can ask your parents about more good eating habits. |
| B．Here are the things that you can and can’t do to have good eating habits. |
| C．Breakfast is the most important meal in a day. |
| D．Eat a lot of fruit and vegetables every day to keep healthy. |
| E．We should have three meals a day on time. |
【推荐1】The Chinese fan(扇子) is a tool for cooling as well as an artwork. Here are some common types(种类) of Chinese fans.
The palm-leaf fan is the cheapest and the most commonly used fan in China. It’s made of Chinese fan palm(蒲葵) leaves which smells very good.
The silk round fan is often made of silk. And it’s decorated(装饰) with paintings of beautiful women, flowers or birds. It’s one of the earliest types of Chinese fans and popular with women of all ages.
The feather(羽毛) fan is a well-known type of Chinese fan. It’s made of the feathers of several different kinds of birds. Among all the feathers, the geese’s are the most used. The fan handle(柄) is usually made of wood(木头).
A folding fan is often made of paper or silk. And the handles and ribs(扇骨) are usually made of bamboo or wood. The material of the fan is very important which decides the value(价值) of the fan. There are always beautiful paintings or handwriting on the fan.
________ In ancient China, fans were a sign of beauty and knowledge. Ladies would use fans to show their kindness. Learned men would fan themselves to show their deep thoughts, too.
1. What does the underlined sentence mean?| A．People make the Chinese fan in order to admire it. |
| B．People like the Chinese fan because it can make people cool. |
| C．The Chinese fan is a tool instead of an artwork. |
| D．The Chinese fan is not only a tool but also an artwork. |
| A．the silk round fan | B．the feather fan |
| C．the folding fan | D．the palm-leaf fan |
| A．bird | B．wood | C．fan | D．feather |
| A．the painting | B．the handwriting | C．the material | D．the owner |
| A．How did Chinese people make fans in the past? |
| B．Why did Chinese people love fans in the past? |
| C．Who loved fans best in the past? |
| D．When did Chinese people begin to use the fans? |
A. Red is generally used to show that a role is honest and loyal. At first, red was just to show the color of people’s skin. Later, many roles use red to show loyalty. B. The role with the white face commonly seen on the stage is bad in human nature and such a person is usually dishonest. C. The black face often shows a person is brave. Besides, it also means a fair and selfless character. D. Blue is a common facial make-up in Beijing Opera. The person who wears a blue facial mask shows that he or she has a strong will and is very smart and brave. E. Purple often stands for justice (正义). In the opera, if a person wears a purple mask, he is just and kind. His personality is between what red and black stand for. F. Green in facial make-ups stands for a person who doesn’t want to change his or her mind. This kind of people is easily controlled by anger. G. Gold and silver are usually used for gods and spirits. |
【推荐3】Time flies when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying?
It is because there is something small and hard to see: dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat delicious food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.
Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why?
When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post (发布). This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations (期待) are met, dopamine is given out.
And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that? According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits on apps to avoid using them too much.
As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it, said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student. You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.
1. According to the article, what are students like when they study?| A．They get very excited. | B．They feel time pass more slowly. |
| C．They are getting happier. | D．Their brains give out more dopamine. |
| A．It introduces a way to get more messages from our friends. |
| B．It gives an example of spending time chatting happily on social media (传媒). |
| C．It describes how scientists discover the way dopamine works. |
| D．It explains why playing on smartphones causes more dopamine. |
| A．Setting time limits on everything you do. |
| B．Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life. |
| C．Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life. |
| D．Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others. |
1. Some children spend eight hours or more _______.
| A．studying | B．playing games |
| C．watching TV | D．helping their parents. |
| A．games | B．big animals |
| C．oceans | D．almost everything |
| A．six hours | B．more than eight hours |
| C．only a few hours | D．four hours. |
| A．TV makes things happen in homes |
| B．we can know places and events without going to see them. |
| C．we can see houses and buildings on TV. |
| D．we can find them easily. |
【推荐2】Confucius (孔子) is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born on September 28, 551 BC (公元前) in the Kingdom of Lu, in today’s Shandong Province. When he was young, he and his mother had a hard life. At the age of fifteen, he began to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on learning other subjects. When he was thirty, he became a teacher. He started his own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether they were rich or poor. He had about 3,000 students and many of them became famous.
Chinese regard Confucius as the greatest thinker and also the greatest teacher. His most important ideas are kindness and good manners. He said young people should respect the old. People should stop thinking of ourselves and think more of others. His ideas are around in people’s everyday life. Today people can still remember his thoughts. And they are spread to East and South Asia.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正 (T)、误 (F)。
1. Confucius was born in the Kingdom of Lu, in today’s Shandong Province.
2. Confucius was good at math and other subjects when he was fifteen.
3. As a teacher, Confucius thought that only the rich could get education.
4. Confucius’ most important ideas are kindness and good manners.
5. Confucius didn’t think that young people should respect the old people.
【推荐3】Maybe you have known much about the Amazon Rainforest, but there are some other forests in the world that play a significant role in keeping the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. Let’s take a look.
No.1①__________
Found in Southeast Alaska and spreading about 26,560 square miles, the Tongass National Forest is the largest national forest in the United States and the largest temperate rainforest（温带雨林） in North America. That means it holds almost a third of the Earth’s old-growth temperate rainforests, which are particularly important due to its high levels of stored carbon （碳）and energy.
No.2②_________
Located in Yunnan Province in Southwest China, Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest has been listed as an official UNESCO biosphere reserve（生态圈保护区）since 1990.
Spreading about 936 square miles, the forest supports a large number of rare and endangered species, including 90% of China’s entire wild Asian elephant population.
No.3③_________
As one of the oldest forests in the world, Daintree Rainforest in Australia is believed to be over 135 million years old. At 463 square miles in size, Daintree Rainforest contains over half of the country’s bat and butterfly species, helping it serve as an important source of pollination（授粉）for the rest of the region.
No.4④_________
The 40-square-mile Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is one of the most popular bird watching destinations in the world. Monteverde is also home to jaguars, pumas, several species of monkeys, and colorful red-eyed tree frogs.
1. The passage is probably from ______.| A．a news report | B．a storybook |
| C．a geographical magazine | D．a science textbook |
| A．Scientific. | B．Important. | C．Harmful. | D．National. |
| A．No.1. | B．No.2. | C．No.3. | D．No.4. |
| A．Pumas. | B．Red-eyed tree frogs. |
| C．Bats. | D．Asian elephants. |
a.Daintree Rainforest
b.Southeast Alaska
c.Tongass National Forest
d.UNESCO biosphere reserve
e.Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest
f.Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
| A．①-c ②-e ③-a ④-f | B．①-b ②-e ③-a ④-f |
| C．①-c ②-d ③-a ④-f | D．①-b ②-d ③-a ④-f |
