You’re rushing to school and a man ahead of you suddenly falls down. Do you stop to help? In a study of bystanders, it was found that some people look away or keep on walking rather than stop and get involved.
“There is an inclination(倾向) to decide that no action is needed,” says Ervin Staub, a psychologist at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, who studies the role of bystanders. “ The first thoughts that come into your mind often keep you from offering help.”
Time and again, good and caring people fail to come to the aid of others. They know they should act and yet, for reasons they themselves don’t understand, people sometimes don’t respond. Longtime researchers of bystander behavior continue to struggle with the question, “Why?”
One thing we do know is that the more ambiguous a situation is, the less likely people are to help. Let’s say you see vapors(水汽) coming out of a building. You ask yourself, “Is it steam(蒸汽) or smoke?” If you are not sure, you look to other people for a clue about how to react. If you see other people doing nothing, you think, “Of course, that’s just steam.” You don’t want it to be smoke, because then you would have to do something about it.
Another one is known as “ the bystander effect”. This says that the more people there are observing an emergency, the less responsible each one of them personally feels. For example, if you are the only person in the world who can act to save someone in a dangerous situation, you are more likely to act. However, if you are one of 100,000 people who could save the situation, you would be happier if one of the other 99,999 people did it!
“If you notice trouble, force yourself to stop and judge the situation instead of walking on,” says Ervin Staub. Then try to involve other people; you don’t have to take on all the responsibility of being helpful. According to Staub, it is sometimes just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, “It looks like we should do something.” Once you take action, most people will follow you and also offer help.
1. Ervin Staub probably agrees that _____.| A．the bystanders force them to solve the troubles |
| B．people’s first thoughts usually prevent them from helping |
| C．the researchers often lead to the embarrassment |
| D．the person next to you often asks you to deal with emergency |
| A．difficult | B．dangerous | C．unclear | D．unpleasant |
| A．people usually think others a lot before the difficulties |
| B．people like to carry out the responsibility in emergency |
| C．people often share their ideas when they’re in dangerous situations |
| D．people are likely to behave in the same way as most other people do |
| A．Is it important to offer help? |
| B．Is it difficult to get involved? |
| C．To stand there or take actions? |
| D．To change the decision or stick it? |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Andre and David are both second graders at Wilson Primary School in New York. The 7-year-olds were eating lunch one day when Andre suddenly started to choke (窒息) on a piece of pizza. David was scared, but thanks to a lesson of The Good Doctor, he knew what to do!
“I was afraid my friend would die.” David explained. “I’d seen the Heimlich maneuver(海姆利克急救法) in the medical drama The Good Doctor. It seemed important, so I tried to remember it.” When the time came to act, he just did it. Running to his friend’s side, he performed the Heimlich on the back of Andre in the “five-and-five” technique he’d seen on TV. By the time teachers reached Andre, the object jumped itself from the Andre’s throat, and he was able to breathe again.
“If anybody is choking or is in danger, you always have to save them,” David explained. “If you don’t, that could be really sad.”
Later, Andre was checked out by the nurse and his parents were called. At the same time, school staff couldn’t wait to celebrate their newest little hero! New York State even gave David a special prize for his quick response. Without it, Andre wouldn’t have been saved.
David’s family is also proud of their son, even though they had no idea he knew how to use the Heimlich! “I’m very proud of my son,” said David’s mother. “He’s an angel in my eyes.”
1. The students were ________ when Andre suddenly started to choke?| A．sleeping | B．eating lunch | C．playing soccer | D．having a class |
| A．At school. | B．In his class. | C．From a drama. | D．In a training class. |
| A．David. | B．A doctor. | C．Some nurses. | D．The teachers. |
| A．跑步 | B．汇报 | C．反应 | D．庆祝 |
| A．David won some money for saving Andre. |
| B．David’s mother taught David Heimlich. |
| C．David’s mother was proud of David. |
| D．David became an angel. |
Accidents happen more often than you think. Every year in China, 3.2 million people die in accidents. Experts say that the 10 minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death.
The second Saturday of September is World First Aid Day（急救日）.
Basic first aid training teaches you how to deal with emergencies（突发状况）, do CPR（心肺复苏）, and treat things like burns, bleeding（流血）and broken bones.
“
| A．You can also watch videos that can be found on apps like First Aid Manual |
| B．Learning first aid is good for everyone and it is better to start young |
| C．This is why learning first aid is so important |
| D．It takes as little as two hours to learn these skills |
| E．It's helpful to know first aid |
| F．First aid is too difficult to learn |
| G．It fell on Sept 8 this year |
What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt?
Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted (倾斜) forward a little. Do not have the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing. Pinch (捏) the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes.
| A．Nosebleeds |
| B．Stomachache |
| C．Take his or her temperature. |
| D．Here are some steps we should follow. |
| E．Wash the bite area with soap and water. |
| F．Have him or her lie with feet lifted (抬起) a little. |
| G．It can help the doctor find the right way to treat (医治) him or her at once. |
【推荐1】Do you like your school and your school life? Usually, we can get the answer “Yes”. Now most of us study in modern (现代的) schools, and our school life is always colorful. But do you know what school was like in the late 1800s? Can you imagine (想象) that everyone in school having only one teacher and one classroom?
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, most American students went to a one-room schoolhouse. One teacher taught all the students in the school, from the first grade to the eighth grade. The number of the students was from 6 to 40 or more. The youngest students sat in the front, and the oldest students sat in the back. The teacher usually taught reading, writing, history and geography. And the students had to remember and retell their lessons.
This kind of simple (简易的) classroom looked just like ours today. The teacher’s desk stood in front of the students’. It had no modern teaching equipment (设备). However, there was usually a stove (火炉), it was helpful, because it was usually cold in winter. And a toilet was outside in an outhouse.
In Honeoye Falls, New York, there is a one-room schoolhouse now. Local students often go there to experience (体验) a different school life. For a week during the summer, they wear the 19th century clothes and learn what children learned more than 100 years ago.
1. How does the writer start the passage?| A．By telling a story. | B．By giving an example. | C．By asking questions, | D．By listing numbers. |
| A．There were different grades in it. | B．There were different classrooms in it. |
| C．There were more than 40 students in it. | D．They youngest students sat after the oldest students. |
| A．the classroom was simple and cold | B．the classroom had new equipment |
| C．the classroom was simple but helpful | D．the classroom was modern like ours today |
| A．learn the subejcts over 100 years ago |
| B．remember and retell the lessons they have learned |
| C．play games in the old schoolhouse in the late 19th century |
| D．experience the school life children had more that 100 years ago |
Benefits of Personality Tests
Are you an “E” (extrovert) person or “I” (introvert) person? A personality test called MBTI(人格类型量表) is very popular these days. Can knowing one’s personality type by using the MBTI and other personality tests really help? They may.
Better understand others
After taking a personality test and seeing our results, we can gain a better understanding of all the different reactions in the same situation.
Know our likes and dislikes
Maybe we’ve always hated talking on the phone but never really understood why.
Learning more about our personality type can also help us discover new ways to face challenges. Knowing what might work best for our personality type can give us new ideas on how to solve problems, deal with stress, and manage our work habits.
| A．Hold on to ideas about who we are |
| B．Know which situations are ideal for us |
| C．Here are the benefits of personality tests |
| D．This is important because we all have different ways of seeing and interacting with the world |
| E．Or perhaps we’ve always needed much time to think about a problem before making a decision |
Scientists today have computers for their work. They can do their work easily and quickly with the help of computers.
Today in many schools, there is a computer room. Children can have their lessons with computers. For example, computers give questions on the screen (屏幕) of the monitor in front of the children and the children answer them with keyboards (键盘).
A computer can do many things. With the computer, we can write novels, listen to music, draw pictures, play computer games, make friends, send emails and download information and so on.
In the future, we may use computers for more things. But it can’t take the place of (取代) man. We can think but it can’t.
1. Who can get more information to catch criminals on the Internet?
| A．The police. | B．The scientists. |
| C．The children. | D．People. |
| A．easily | B．quickly | C．slowly | D．A and B |
| A．They answer them on the Internet. |
| B．They answer them with keyboards. |
| C．They answer them loudly with their mouths. |
| D．They answer them with a pen and a piece of paper. |
| A．write novels | B．draw pictures |
| C．listen to music | D．think |
| A．Computers can take the place of man. |
| B．There is a computer room in many schools today. |
| C．The police can look for the information on the Internet. |
| D．A computer can help us send emails and make friends. |
【推荐1】Work is helpful to health. Scientists find that the hard-working people live longer than those who have no jobs. Studies show that the jobless are in poorer health than job-holders. The women have jobs are healthier than housewives.
Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from feeling lonely. Researches show that people feel unhappy and worried when they have nothing to do. The happiest people are those who are busy. Many high achievers who love their jobs feel they are the happiest when they are working hard. They work as a bridge between their dream and reality, so they have energy every day. By work, people get to know each other. By taking part in all kinds of activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss(丧失) of work means the loss of everything. It makes people down and it will cause more illnesses.
Besides, work makes one feel hopeful and proud. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are very happy.
From the above, we can come to a conclusion: the more you work, the happier and healthier you will be.
1. People who have no jobs are ________ than job-holders.| A．in poorer health | B．happier | C．healthier | D．busier |
| A．People who are busy have a lot of money. |
| B．People who have more friends are the happiest. |
| C．People who are busy are the happiest. |
| D．People who are busy are the most worried. |
| A．People who are hard-working live longer than those who are jobless. |
| B．Work can make people feel tired and lonely. |
| C．The loss of work will cause more illnesses. |
| D．People can get to know each other by working together. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
On their way back, Henry saw some flowers. He liked the flowers very much and ran into the green field(农田)to look at them. Now Allan was walking by himself.
Then he heard Henry calling out, "A snake（蛇）!Help!..."
“What's wrong with you?" asked Allan.
“A snake bit（咬）me in the leg. Come here!"
Allan ran over and saw a small red wound(伤口)on Henry's leg.
“The snake was in the grass. I didn't see it,"
“Sit down quickly"! Allan told Henry.
Allan put his mouth at the little red wound and began to suck（吸）at it. In this way he saved（挽救）Henry's life. "Oh, Allan, it's very kind of you to help me."
“That's all right. We are friends and we must always help each other."
1. After swimming, they played in the sun_______.
| A．the whole morning | B．for 2 hours |
| C．long | D．for a while |
| A．workers | B．good friends |
| C．brothers | D．farmers |
| A．Henry went to look at the flowers with Allan. |
| B．They ran to the hospital at once. |
| C．Allan saw the snake. |
| D．Allan saved Henry's life. |
【推荐3】Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a national leader in public astronomy, and one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles. It is located on the southern slope (山坡) of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park at 1,134 feet above sea level.
Visitors may drive to the Observatory and park in its parking lot or on nearby roads. No reservation (预订) is required to visit. Parking is limited, and the busiest time is weekends. Buses, taxis, and car pools are welcome. LADOT provides weekend public bus service from the Sunset/Vermont Metro red line station.
Griffith Observatory is open six days a week. Admission and parking are free.
Hours of Operation
| Tuesday—Friday 12:00 noon—10:00 p.m. Saturday—Sunday 10:00 a.m. —10:00 p.m. Monday Closed Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day Close |
Samuel Oschin Planetarium (天文馆)
The Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater offers 8 to 10 live, half-hour presentations each day. There are usually four different shows from which to choose.
Shows are presented every 60 to 90 minutes. Check the website, information desks, or the box office for each day’s show times. Late seating is not permitted.
Samuel Oschin Planetarium tickets must be purchased at the Observatory and are only available on the day of the show. The ticket prices for shows are:
Adults (13-59 years old) $7.00
Children (5-12 years old) $3.00
Seniors (60 years and older) $5.00
Students $5.00
Children under 5 years old will be admitted only to the first show each day.
Hearing assist devices are available upon request.
Public Telescopes
Free public telescopes are available each evening. The Observatory is open and skies are clear. The Zeiss telescope on the roof is generally open by 7:00 p. m. All observing must be completed by 9:45 p. m.
1. What can we learn about Griffith Observatory according to the passage?| A．It is open all the year around. | B．It is mostly visited at weekends. |
| C．It becomes famous because of Hollywood. | D．It is the most attractive place in Los Angeles. |
| A．Hearing assist devices are provided to seniors. |
| B．The shows there generally last 60 to 90 minutes. |
| C．Visitors are required to be seated before the show starts. |
| D．The tickets for its shows can be bought through the website. |
| A．$13.00 | B．$15.00 | C．$17.00 | D．$20.00 |
| A．Parking. | B．Telescope. | C．Hearing assist device. | D．Watching presentations. |
| A．Observing in Griffith Observatory is not allowed after 10:00 p. m. |
| B．Griffith Observatory is one of the most popular attractions in New York. |
| C．Visitors may drive to the Observatory and you can parking anywhere at any time. |
| D．Visitors are allowed to visit Griffith Observatory every day except Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. |
“I don't know all these people,” said his uncle
“Then why do you wave to them?” asked Peter.
“Well, Peter,” answered his uncle, “when I wave to someone and he knows me, he is happy. He goes on his journey with a happier heart. But when I wave to some one and he doesn't know me, he is surprised and says to himself, ‘Who is that man? Why did he wave to me?’ So he has something to think about during the rest of his journey, and that makes his journey seem shorter. So I make everyone happy.
1. Peter was surprised that his uncle _______
| A．waved to everybody they passed | B．knew everybody there |
| C．said hello to everyone | D．didn't know all the people they passed |
| A．I know none of these people | B．I know some of these people |
| C．I don't know any of these people | D．I know most of these people |
| A．worried | B．happy | C．sad | D．surprised |
| A．became angry with him | B．thought that he must be a friend |
| C．thought why he was waving to them | D．didn't look at him |
| A．he could make some more friends | B．he could surprise everyone |
| C．everyone would remember him | D．he would make everyone happy |
Chris is not a traditional explorer (探险者)-he usually works in an office for a large organization. Yet his job can sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer.
Chris works for MSF, an organization also known as Doctors Without Borders (国界). MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to help people after a war or a disaster. Chris is a doctor from France who has travelled to many places to organize programs that help people.
At the moment, there are 27,000 trained medical staff taking part in MSF projects and tasks. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize. All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF. They need to be prepared to go almost anywhere in the world and of course, they should expect difficult conditions. Doctors with experience in tropical diseases (热带疾病) are especially useful because most of MSF’s work is in Africa. When MSF accepts a doctor for a task, he has to go for at least six months. When doctors completed a few tasks, they might be sent on an emergency (紧急的) task following a disaster such as tropical storm, tsunami (海啸), and so on.
But why would a doctor leave a comfortable life and job to join MSF? According to Chris, the experience you get is a great help in your lifelong job. Besides, just like the explorers of the past, you need to keep an open mind and learn to mix well with the people you meet.
Most importantly, at the end of each task, you have made a real difference to people’s lives.
1. Which of the following is NOT right about MSF?| A．It’s a large organization. |
| B．Working for MSF can be exciting and dangerous. |
| C．MSF is also called Doctors Without Borders. |
| D．Any doctor can be sent by MSF to help people. |
| A．After a war or a disaster. |
| B．After the Nobel Peace Prize. |
| C．Before doctors travel to many places. |
| D．When doctors take part in the programs. |
| A．a rain | B．a snow | C．an earthquake | D．wind |
| A．Doctors who have experience in tropical diseases. |
| B．Different kinds of doctors who have completed a few tasks. |
| C．Doctors who are sent on an emergency task. |
| D．Doctors who can leave home and work for at least half a year. |
| A．He can get on well with people who he works with. |
| B．He can keep an open mind while working. |
| C．He can get experience to improve his lifelong job. |
| D．He can make a real difference to people’s lives. |
Have you ever heard of "a ball of energy"? People often use it to describe very active children. But today we tell about an invention called the soccket, that is a real soccer ball of energy. Julia Silverman explains that in fact the soccket is a portable generator (便携式发电机).
Julin Silverman and Jessica Matthews developed the soccket as part of a group project for an engineering class at Harvard University.
There are mechanisms (装置) in a soccket. When you kick, hit or throw it, energy is then kept in it by these mechanisms instead of disappearing into the environment.
Then the user can put something directly into the ball, like a lamp, or a mobile phone charger (充电器) so that they can get energy from it.
For every fifteen minutes of the game play, the soccket can provide enough electricity(电) for an LED lamp for three hours, and the ball can store(储藏) up to 24 hours' electricity.
The International Energy Association reported last year that nearly one and a half billion people in the world had no electricity to use, and most of them live in Africa, India and other countries in Asia.
Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews both had experiences in developing countries before they began the project. They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in really areas.
There's an energy crisis in the world. One out of every five people in the world don't have any electricity. And besides that, there are a lot of health problems because what people use instead of the electricity are harmful choices like kerosene(煤油) lamps, which produce a lot of smoke.
Julia Silverman says the soccket ball is one small solution to a big problem.
Jessica Matthews and Julia Silverman hope their soccket ball will shine more light on the problem of power shortages. It offers people a chance to put their energy into the world's most popular sport and get some energy in return.
1. From the passage, we know the soccket is ____________.| A．an active child |
| B．an invention |
| C．a lamp |
| D．a mobile phone |
| A．a time of safety |
| B．a time of difficulty |
| C．a time of success |
| D．a time of pride |
| A．Julia Silverman has never been to developing countries before |
| B．Active children like to play soccket |
| C．kicking a soccket can let the energy disappear into the environment |
| D．people are expected to get some energy by playing soccket |
| A．The only way to produce electricity |
| B．The best way to solve energy crisis |
| C．A soccer ball that gives energy |
| D．An invention changing the world |
