1 . Big data (数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.
Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.
Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.
How can big data be used for good and bad thing? It is because the computer programs are written by people. People think in a certain way, and they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.
1. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources. Information that comes from ____________ is not mentioned (提及) in this passage.| A．schools | B．governments | C．police stations | D．hospitals |
| A．help children in need | B．find out who take the bus or train |
| C．know when people will visit the hospital | D．understand when people will need ice cream |
| A．we can use big data in a number of ways |
| B．big data can be only used for good reasons |
| C．big data can be used for both good and bad reasons |
| D．we can use big data to stop babies from getting sick |
| A．what big data is and how it is used |
| B．what schools and hospitals people like |
| C．where important data is collected and stored |
| D．how big data is controlled by governments and companies |
| A．sad and personal | B．personal and scientific |
| C．informative but silly | D．scientific and informative (提供有益信息的) |
2 . Most people are afraid of sharks，but they usually do not know very much about them.For example，there are 350 types of sharks，and all of them are meat eaters.Some sharks are very big.
The whale shark is 50 to 60 feet long.But some sharks are very small.The dwarf（侏儒）shark is only 6 inches（英寸）long.Sharks are 100 million years old.In fact，they lived at the same time as dinosaurs.Today，sharks live in every ocean on the earth，but most sharks live in warm water.They keep the oceans clean because they eat sick fish and animals.Most sharks have four to six rows of teeth.When a shark's tooth falls out，another tooth moves in from behind.Sharks do not have ears.
However，they "hear" sounds and movements in the water. Any sound or movement makes the water vibrate. This helps sharks find food. Sharks use their large eyes to find food，too. Most sharks see best in low light. They often hunt for food at dawn（黄昏），in the evening，or in the middle of the night. Scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons. For example，cancer（癌症）is common in many animals，including people. However，it is rare（罕见的）in sharks. Scientists want to find out why sharks almost never get cancer. Maybe this information can help people prevent cancer，too.
1. According to the text，most sharks live_____.| A．in very deep water |
| B．in warm water |
| C．near the surface of the ocean |
| D．in cold water |
| A．do well in cleaning water |
| B．eat sick fish and animals |
| C．can get cancer like human |
| D．can produce a kind of chemical |
| A．振动 | B．停止 | C．变清澈 | D．变浑浊 |
| A．the whale shark is 50 to 60 feet long |
| B．the dwarf shark is only 6 feet long |
| C．sharks and dinosaurs lived in different times |
| D．sharks only use large eyes to find food |
However, with the coming of Guyu-the Grain(谷物) Rain, the blue sky and gentle winds would finally stay. Falling usually on or around April 20 every year, Guyu is the sixth of the 24 solar terms(节气). It means the beginning of a lively summer and people get busy from now on.
Sow(播种) grains
This is an important period of the growth of grains. The ancient Chinese already knew that as Guyu comes, the weather will become warm enough for sowing. The farmers usually catch the chance to plant rice, corn and beans.
Hope for safety and harvest
For those living near the sea, they will hold some ceremonies(仪式) on Guyu, hoping for safety as well as harvest during the coming fishing season.
Watch the peony
It’s also a great time to see the peony(牡丹), which is known as “the Queen of All Flowers” in Chinese culture. As a result, watching peonies becomes one of the most enjoyable activities for many. The flower is said to be the favourite of Empress(女皇) Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, who was the only woman ruler in Chinese history.
Pick tea leaves
Tea leaves picked before Guyu are among the best tea leaves. People believe that the tea leaves picked on the day of Guyu can make eyes clear and drive away bad luck. So the habit of drinking tea at this time of year has become a tradition in some places of China.
1. When does Guyu usually come every year?
2. Why is Guyu an important time for sowing grains?
3. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
4. List(列表) activities on Guyu according to the passage (at least two).
5. Give a proper title to the passage.
4 . The purpose of students who come to school is to study. But studying needs right ways, or we would waste the time or the money. The followings are ways for studying.
The best time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear. For that reason, we can set good results.
When we study we must be patient. If we don’t understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next until we have learned the first one well.
When we are studying, we must put our hearts into the book. We cannot read absent-mindedly(心不在焉地), or we could get nothing from the book while we are reading.
We must always ask “why”. If we can’t understand well, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends, in any possible ways. We must know it completely and then our knowledge can be used well.
Though there are many ways for studying, however, the above mentioned(提到的) will be helpful if we can keep them in heart.
1. Morning is the best time for reading because .| A．we can be more patient |
| B．we can have a good time |
| C．the air is fresh and our minds are clear |
| D．we can relax ourselves |
| A．we must chat with friends on the phone |
| B．we’d better Listen to pop music |
| C．we have to eat something |
| D．we should put our hearts into the book |
| A．we should copy others’ answers |
| B．we should read it again till understand it |
| C．we don’t do it any more |
| D．we should give it up and read the next one |
| A．The purpose of students who come to school is to study. |
| B．When we are studying, we can’t be absent-minded. |
| C．We don’t have to ask “why” when we can’t understand well. |
| D．We should know knowledge completely and use it well. |
| A．Right Ways of Studying | B．Don’t Waste Time |
| C．Be Patient | D．Learn to Ask “Why” |
It seems that a family just isn’t complete (完整的) without a pet. But if pets aren’t suitable to a family’s lifestyle or environment, they can quickly lead to problems such as stress or arguments (争执). To save yourself and your family such problems, treat this decision seriously.
When choosing a pet, people must consider the family’s health. Many people are allergic (过敏的) to cats and dogs. Perhaps a dog or cat with short hair will be fine. And a dog might not be the best choice for a child who is naughty (顽皮的) because the dog might bite him or her. Some people can also have problems with certain pets. It’s a good idea to spend a little time with the pet around each member of the family before making your decision.
Consider the quality of life of the pet, too. If a pet is used to having space to run around, it can quickly develop psychological (心理的) problems when it is kept in a small flat all day. If pets are allowed to run about in areas with lots of traffic, they can meet an early end. Cats shouldn’t be brought into homes that already have large dogs because they won’t be able to get along well with each other.
The decision as to what kind of pet to choose is very important. If you find the right one to suit (适合) everyone in the family and their lifestyle, then it’s time to choose one. Remember that your decision is important because it can have effects that last for many years.
| Considerations When Choosing a Pet | |
| Paragraph Outline (要点) | Supporting Details |
| Importance of choosing a pet | ●A ●Pets can bring some problems if they aren’t suitable to the family. |
| The family’s health must be considered | ●Many people are allergic to pets with ●It’s not ●Some people have problems with some pets. |
| The pet’s quality of life | ●You shouldn’t ●Make sure the areas where pets can run about do not have a lot of traffic. ●If your house already has a dog, don’t get a cat. |
| Choose the right | ●Find the right one for your family because your choice can have lasting effects. |
Don’t use earphones(耳机) when you are running in the school yard or in the street. You will keep yourself from the outside world and can easily get into trouble.
If a stranger is following you, please don’t go home directly(直接地). You may be safer in the street than you are in your home or in a lift. If necessary, please go and get help from others.
When you take a bus, don’t sit alone. You should sit behind the driver or with friends. Don’t sleep. Your school bag should be carried towards(朝，向) the front of your body. Don’t put it on your back.
Don’t play with matches or candles(蜡烛), because it may cause fire. If it causes fire, please call 119.
1. We can’t use ________ when we are running in the street.
| A．radios | B．watches |
| C．earphones | D．mobile phones |
| A．get help from others | B．walk in the street |
| C．go home directly | D．call your friends |
| A．in front of our bodies | B．on the floor |
| C．on our backs | D．on the heads |
| A．alone |
| B．behind the driver |
| C．in front of the driver |
| D．with strangers |
| A．please call 999 | B．please call 110 |
| C．please call 120 | D．please call 119 |
New rules and behavior standards(行为规范)for middle school students came out(颁布)in March. Middle schools are going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The best students won’t only have high marks. The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth. Have you ever cheated(作弊)in an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something honest students should do.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate it? You should join! In that way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect(保护)them.
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought people could live on the moon?Maybe you’ll find another earth in space in the future. Everyone’s new ideas are important.
Protect yourself. Has a thief ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go back home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your study. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at the good Web pages(网页). You can use the Web pages for fun or homework.
1. What should the best students do in an exam?2. What should you do if you have to go back home late?
3. What can the children use the good Web pages for?
4. When did the new rules come out？
5. Which new idea do you think may come true？
