1 . 根据短文内容按要求完成任务。

In 2020, China’s Chang’e 5 mission collected 1,731 grams of moon soil (土壤) and brought it to Earth. (A)China became the third country to collect moon soil after Russia and the United States. Up to now, a total of 44,857.7 milligrams of the soil have been given to 62 research teams in China. By studying the soil, scientists learn more about the moon’s geology (地质), weather and other things, according to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). What new findings have scientists made? Let’s have a look.

Air on the moon

In May, scientists from Nanjing University found that the soil on the moon might be useful for turning carbon dioxide (CO₂) into oxygen (氧气) and fuel (燃料). The soil has some special chemicals in it. (B)These can work as catalysts (催化剂) to make oxygen with sunlight and CO₂. If this really works, astronauts can turn the CO₂ they breathe into oxygen. Then they can live on the moon for a longer time. The team hopes for a chance to test this system on the moon someday.

Powerful energy

(C)Helium (氦)-3 is a valuable fuel that can provide safer nuclear energy (核能). It is not radioactive (放射性的) and would not produce dangerous waste. It’s rare (稀有的) on Earth, but after studying samples of moon soil, scientists found that the moon is rich in Helium-3! According to Ouyang Ziyuan, a senior adviser to China’s lunar program and its former chief scientist, there is enough Helium-3 on the moon for all people on Earth to have clean energy for 10,000 years!

1. 把（A）处划线句子翻译成汉语：
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2. 把（C）处划线句子翻译成汉语：
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3. 请在文章中列举出科学家们的两种新发现：
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4. 请写出文中（B）处划线部分指代的内容：
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5. 请简要概括文章大意：
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2 . Have you ever looked at the sky and thought about darkness? Is it nothing? Or is there something in the dark? Cosmologists (宇宙学家) try to answer questions about things in space. They even study the darkness in space. They say the universe is about 5 percent “normal” matter—things we can see, like Earth and other planets, and the sun and other stars. But about 70 percent of the universe is something called dark energy.

Cosmologists say the other 25 percent of the universe is dark matter. Dark matter has some weight. It’s heavy so we know it’s there. But we can’t see it, so it is very hard to study something that you can’t see!

One possible kind of dark matter is a brown dwarf (褐矮星). A brown dwarf is too big to be a planet and too small to be a star. Brown dwarfs are colder than stars, and they don’t give off light that people can see. Cosmologists found them by using a telescope that finds heat. They found the first brown dwarf in 1995.

Cosmologists know a lot about one kind of dark matter—black holes. In 1783, an English astronomer, John Michell, guessed that there were black holes. But cosmologists didn’t find any black holes until 188 years later. Since then, they’ve found many black holes in space.

It’s very dark with much gravity (引力) in a black hole. There is so much gravity in a black hole that nothing can get out, not even light. This is why we can’t see them. Cosmologists find black holes by looking at things around them.

For example, stars and gases near a black hole move very fast.

Things in space can fall into a black hole, and when they do, they can never get out. But don’t worry—Earth will never fall into a black hole because there is not one close enough.

1. When did cosmologists first find black holes?

A．In 1783.

B．In 1971.

C．In 1995.

D．In 1595.

2. What can we know about brown dwarfs?

A．They are as big as planets or stars.	B．They give off light that people can sec.
C．The first one was found by using a telescope.	D．They are much hotter than stars and planets.

3. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Black Holes in Space.	B．Dark Energy in Space.
C．Normal Matter in the Universe.	D．Dark Matter in the Universe.

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A．We have known nothing about dark matter so far.

B．Earth could fall into a black hole in several centuries.

C．The earth is too far away from a black hole to fall into it.

D．The biggest black hole is as big as ten billion of our sun.

3 . 根据短文内容，判断正误（正确“T”，错误“F”）。

For the first time ever, plants from Earth are growing on the moon. The China National Space Administration (中国国家航天局) showed photos of cotton plants. The administration said the cotton plants were among several plants that were “growing well”. Other plants that are now growing on the moon are vegetables.

The plants are part of a project to the far side of the moon. Project leader Liu Hanlong says the cotton seeds were the first to come up. He said the plants were chosen because they were small, strong and could grow in the difficult conditions on the moon’s surface.

Professor Hanlong said the project’s aim was to understand more about how plants grow outside of Earth. The long-term aim is to develop plants that can grow not only on the moon but also on the Mars (火星).

The professor said: “We have considered the future survival live in space. Learning about these plants growing in a low-gravity (低重力) environment would allow us to know that in the future humans may live in the space.”

1. Plants have never grown on the moon before this project.
2. Chinese scientists showed photos of tea plants growing on the moon.
3. Cotton seeds were the first plants to come up.
4. Scientists said their long-term aim is to grow plants on Venus (金星).
5. There are no chances of survival in space.

4 .

Earth is our home planet. It is the only planet known to have lots of liquid (液态的) water. Liquid water is necessary for life.     1    

What does Earth look like?

From space, Earth looks like a blue marble (大理石) with white swirls (漩涡) and areas of brown, yellow, green and white.     2     The white swirls are clouds. The areas of brown, yellow and green are land. And the areas of white are ice and snow.

    3    

Today, with GPS, BDS and other satellites, scientists can compute Earth’s size and shape to within a centimeter. Pictures from space show Earth is round like the moon. Though some forces are making the planet change shape very slowly, but it is still round.

    4    

From June to August, the sun’s rays hit the Northern Hemisphere (半球) more directly than the Southern Hemisphere. The result is warm (summer) weather in the Northern Hemisphere and cold (winter) weather in the Southern Hemisphere.

What are Earth’s different parts?

Earth includes land, air, water and life. The land holds mountains, valleys and flat areas. The air is made up of different gases. The water includes oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, rain, snow and ice.     5    

There are millions of kinds of life on Earth. Their sizes are from very tiny to very large.

根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。

A．Why does Earth have seasons?

B．How do we know Earth is round?

C．Life is made up of people, animals and plants.

D．Earth is the only planet where life is known to be.

E．The blue is water, which covers about 71% of Earth’s surface.

5 . 你将听到一篇短文，请根据短文内容，选出每个问题的最佳答案。
1. Mars (火星) is the closest ________ of the earth.

A．friend

B．star

C．neighbour

2. The writer thinks ________ people would like to go to Mars by spaceship.

A．some

B．a few

C．most

3. Some scientists think there is ________ on Mars.

A．life

B．water

C．nothing

4. The ________ on Mars is not good for life.

A．air

B．water

C．earth

5. Have scientists found any life on Mars yet?

A．Yes, they have.

B．No, they haven’t.

C．we don’t know.

6 .

By Global Times

May 12th, 2022

______▲______

China’s Zhurong rover (祝融号) has found evidence (证据) showing that water has been on Mars (火星) much longer than expected.

Zhurong, named after the Chinese god of fire, landed safely on Mars on May 15th, 2021, making China only the second behind the United States to fully succeed.

Zhurong, the Mars rover, is 1.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels (太阳能面板) and it can move at 200 meters an hour on Mars.

The rover’s three-month primary mission (任务) was to search for signs of ancient life. It has done research on the minerals, environment and location of water and ice in the plain. The rover continues to research into its landing place and send information back to the Tianwen-1. The rover returned some information from its primary survey of the basin. It shows that Utopia Planitia basin had water during a time, but many scientists used to believe Mars to be dry and cold.

“Mars is the planet we are most likely to live on in the future. That’s why we want to understand it,” said Ge, a scientist in China’s space program. “Zhurong’s evidence of water on Mars makes great progress in future Mars missions!”

1. China becomes only the ________ to land a rover successfully on Mars according to the passage.

A．first

B．second

C．third

D．fourth

2. Which picture does Zhurong rover look like?

A．

B．

C．

D．

3. According to the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________.

A．the news came out on May 15th, 2021	B．the rover returned three months ago
C．the rover may send pictures back to the Tianwen-1	D．Mars used to be dry and cold in the ancient time

4. What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in the last paragraph?

A．Tianwen-1.

B．Mars.

C．Future.

D．Zhurong.

5. Which of the following titles can be put in ____▲____?

A．The new findings on Mars	B．The future life on Mars
C．The appearance of Zhurong Rover	D．The landing of Zhurong Rover

7 . 从文后所给选项中选择恰当的句子完成下面对话，其中有两个多余选项。
A: Hi, Lingling. Have you finished your homework about space travel?
B: No, I haven’t. It’s quite difficult.     1    
A: I have already finished it. I’m interested in the universe.
B:     2    
A: Yes, I have just read a book and watched a great TV programme about it.
B:     3    
A: No, not yet. But we’ve sent some spaceships to space.
B: Really? Are we alone in space? Why has no one from other planets sent us a message?
A: I think they’re too far away.     4    
B: I think so.
A: By the way, I’ve got some photos of Shenzhou-14 in the newspaper today. Come and have a look!
B: Wow!     5     Thank you, Daming.
A: You’re welcome.

A．What do you know about space?

B．Have the scientists discovered any life in space?

C．Do you know something about space?

D．They’re amazing!

E．What about you, Daming?

F．It’s hard to imagine how large the universe is.

G．Did the scientists discover water on Mars?

8 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Do you know something about space? It is an amazing place! The solar system（太阳系）is in space.     1    

Around the sun

    2     The Sun is a hot, bright star. It gives off heat（热）and light. The Sun is close to the Earth. It is so large that it is almost as big as a million Earths. Most stars look tiny and you can only see them at night because they are so far away from the Earth.

    3    

There are eight planets in the solar system. We live on one of them—the Earth! Each planet moves in a way around the Sun. The Earth is called the Blue Planet because there is so much water on it and it looks blue in space.     4    

Around the moon

The Moon is much smaller than the Earth.     5     It may look as if it gives off light, but it doesn’t. It looks bright because it reflects（反射）that light from the Sun.

A．It gives us everything and it’s our home.

B．It travels around the Earth.

C．Around the earth

D．The Sun is in the center of the solar system.

E．It is made up of the Sun and the eight planets around the Sun.

F．Each planet moves around the Earth.

G．Around the space

9 . Mars(火星) is the fourth planet from Sun. It is home to both the highest mountain and the deepest, longest valley(山谷) in the solar system(太阳系). Olympus Mons, the highest mountain on Mars, is about 27 kilometers high, about three times as tall as Qomolangma. And the deepest valley on Mars reaches as deep as 10 kilometers and runs east west for about 4, 000 kilometers, about one fifth of the distance around Mars and close to the width of Australia.

Mars is much colder than Earth because it’s farther away from Sun. The highest temperature can reach 20℃ while the lowest can be as low as -140℃. Just like Earth, Sun gives Mars seasons. However, the seasons that Mars experiences are more extreme than Earth’s. For example, when Mars is farthest from Sun, the southern part of Mars experiences a very long and cold winter, about six months on Earth.

Mars lies farther from Sun than Earth does, so the Red Planet has a longer year—687 days compared to 365 for our home world. However, the two planets have similar day lengths, 24 hours and 40 minutes for Mars and 24 hours for Earth.

Mars is far from an easy planet to reach but many countries like the USA, Russia, China and Japan are always trying to send people there. Robots have got the tickets to Mars and it’s believed that Man will get the tickets by the 2030s, although it still remains a big challenge now. And scientists say it will take at least six months for people to travel to Mars.

1. The height of the highest mountain in the solar system is ________.

A．10 kilometers

B．27 kilometers

C．800 kilometers

D．4, 000 kilometers

2. The underlined word “extreme” in the passage means _________.

A．dangerous

B．serious

C．unusual

D．changeable

3. Mars has a longer year than Earth because _________.

A．Mars lies closer to Sun	B．Mars is farther away from Sun
C．Mars lies closer to Earth	D．Mars is farther away from Earth

4. We can learn from the last paragraph that ________.

A．no robots have arrived on Mars	B．humans have got to Mars
C．it’s a long way to Mars from Earth	D．it’s an easy thing to reach Mars

5. This passage is mainly about ________.

A．facts about Mars

B．ways to Mars

C．opinions on Mars

D．mountains on Mars

10 .

Amazing Space
	Curiosity, NASA’s Mars rover (探测器), recently took the world by surprise. It took a picture of a small “flower” while it was exploring the surface of Mars. Clearly, it’s not an actual flower. But it could be a rock that had been created a long time ago. Back then, the Red Planet possibly had water on its surface. The effort of the rover could help answer the question of whether life ever existed on Mars and understand when Mars might have been most suitable to host life.
	Saturn’s (土星) beautiful rings which are made of ice and rocks won’t last forever. Scientists say that they are slowly breaking apart and will totally disappear in about 300 million years. The rings now may be 10 — 100 million years old. According to The Atlantic, 10 tons of “ring matter” fall into Saturn every second. They all get pulled by Saturn’s gravity. Jupiter (木星), Uranus (天王星) and Neptune (海王星) also have ring systems. Saturn has the largest rings, though — the others’ rings aren’t as easy to see, they may have had bigger rings in the past.

1. How many types of planets are mentioned in the text?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

2. Which of the following is True?

A．The two pictures were both taken by NASA’s Mars rover.

B．The ring systems of Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune are easy to see.

C．There is no doubt that Mars had water on its surface long ago.

D．The beautiful rings of Saturn will disappear because of the gravity.

3. What can we know about the picture of a small “flower”?

A．There is a real flower in the picture.

B．The picture was taken by accident.

C．The “flower” proves that there were lives existing on Mars.

D．The picture will help us have a better understanding of Mars.

4. How does the writer show us the result of the disappearance of Saturn’s rings?

A．By offering numbers.	B．By asking questions.
C．By giving examples.	D．By making comparisons.

5. The writer wrote the text in order to ________.

A．compare Mars with Saturn	B．show the new discoveries of space
C．introduce the changes of the two planets	D．encourage us to protect the planet we live