The chocolate was     1     (enjoy) by people first in Central and South America hundreds of years ago. In those days, the cocoa bean（可可豆）was used to make a chocolate drink. Much later, it     2     (bring) to Europe. In 1824, Mr. Cadbury opened a small shop in the United Kingdom. He sold chocolate drink. In 1831, he opened a factory to make chocolate drink. Mr. Cadbury believed that wine was bad and he wanted     3     (encourage) people to drink chocolate instead. A few years later, a man     4     (invent) a way to make chocolate bars（块）, and so people had the chance to eat chocolate instead of only drinking it.

At first only dark chocolate was made. Milk chocolate came later and it was made by     5     (add) milk to the chocolate. Mr. Cadbury made their first milk chocolate bar in 1897. Their most famous chocolate, Cadbury Milk Bar, was made in 1905. It     6     (be) popular for over 100 years. The Cadbury factory still     7     (make) chocolate in the United Kingdom, and the chocolate is eaten all over the world. Every year, thousands of visitors go to the factory to see how chocolate is made.

Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident? Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5,000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. One day Shen None was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.

A few thousand years later, Lu Yu, “the saint of tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing . The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.

It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture. The Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.

A road is a bridge between two places. The Silk Road has been a bridge between East and West for more than 2,000 years. The Silk Road has been     1     included into the UNESCO World Heritage List (世界文化遗产名录) at the 38th session of the World Heritage Committee in Doha.

But did you know the Silk Road is not a single route (路线)? It is a series of     2     and cultural transmission (传送) routes. It began during the Western Han Dynasty. The trade route starts from the city of Xi’an in Shaanxi Province and     3     in Eastern Europe, near today’s Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea. The Silk Road was about 6,500 kilometers     4    . It went across one­ fourth of the planet.

The Silk Road got its name     5     Chinese silk used to be carried along this road. Apart from silk, jade, ceramics and iron went west to Rome. From the west came glass, gems and food     6     carrots and sesame(芝麻)．

The Silk Road was very     7     to both China and the rest of the world. Besides trade, knowledge about science, arts and literature, as well as crafts and technologies was     8     across the Silk Road. In this way, languages and cultures developed and     9     each other.

Today,     10     along the Silk Road are great travel destinations (目的地), such as the Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an and Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang Gansu.

Researches show that the fork was first used in Ancient Egypt, China and Greece. And then it t    1     to the Middle East and started being used by the upper class. This enabled the fork to slowly become p    2     in these areas. In the 11th century, the fork came to Italy in the dowry (嫁妆) of a princess from the Middle East. After seeing the princess use the fork, the church felt a    3    , they strongly criticized(批判) her, saying that the fork disrespected the practice of using the fingers. Then the fork disappeared from the table for nearly 300 years. N    4     dared to use it.

The fork began to get acceptance in Italy by the late 16th century, because the upper-class Italians had great i    5     in cleanliness again. They think it’s helpful to health. However, most European countries accepted the fork only by the 18th century and United States didn’t welcome it until the early 19th century.

8 . It may be hard to believe, but the American Revolution (革命)—the war that freed the American states from British control—began over a cup of tea. Tea was not the only thing that caused the war, of course, but it played a very big part.

The British people’s love of tea is well-known. When the British won control over much of North America in the early 1700s, they brought their tea-drinking habits with them. Tea quickly became the continent’s most popular drink. As tea could not be grown locally, just as in Britain, it was shipped into the country—mostly from India.

In the early 1700s, the Britain government made a special deal with the East India Company, an English trading company. They agreed that no other company was allowed to bring tea to Britain or any country controlled by Britain, including America. It was a great deal for the East India Company, since it meant that the company could decide whatever price it wanted for its products. And it always decided on a high price!

In North America, the local people did not like having to pay such high prices. Instead of overpaying for tea from the British, they turned to Dutch traders, who secretly brought tea to the country that was just as good—and much less expensive. Although this broke the law, the American people didn’t care. They got the same cup of tea at a much lower price.

The East India Company, however, didn’t like this at all. By the 1760s, they were losing millions of pounds each year to Dutch traders—a huge amount of money in a time when £60 a year was considered a good income. Instead of reducing their prices to compete with the Dutch, the company asked the British government for help and the government agreed.

In 1767, the British introduced new laws that increased the prices of all goods which were brought into America. These laws helped make the East India Company even richer and forced local people to pay much more for everything. The American leaders asked the British government not to do so, but the British refused to listen. These unfair laws increased Americans’ anger about British rule and the rest, as they say, is history.