The captain stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. “The Greeks have gone ______ we’ve won,” he said. “They’ve tried to capture our city for ten years. Now they’ve ______ and sailed away!”

“But look over there,” a soldier said. “They’ve left a huge ______ horse.”

“Ah, yes,” the captain said, “it’s too big. The Greeks didn’t want to take it with them. Get some ______ and pull it into the city.”

That night, in the main square of the city, all the Trojans celebrated. They sang and danced ______ the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks. “I haven’t laughed ______ this since my childhood,” the captain said. ______ the party, they locked all the gates of the city and then all went to sleep.

By midnight, the main square was ______ , except for the huge horse. ______ a secret door opened on the side of the horse. The horse was ______ Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of the horse one ______ one.

The soldiers opened the main ______ . The Greek army entered the city.

______ ten years, the Greeks could not capture the city by ______ .

In one night, however, they ______ in capturing it through a clever trick.

5 . Early in the 16th century, it was difficult for people to live without enough food. So lots of people tried hard ______ Asia to gain wealth. In order to find Asia, they had to find a way to pass South Africa based on their knowledge about all the routes. The man who finally ______ the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean was Ferdinand Magellan.

Magellan sailed from Seville in August, 1519, ______ five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen months later, after the cold winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan Sraits. In November, 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the three remaining ships seemed to come close to the success. They sailed into the ocean from the other side of South America ______.

They then continued, hoping to reach Asia But they couldn’t see any land ______ they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. What’s worse, before they arrived at ______ islands, which were later known as the Philippines, most of them had already died of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan ______ in a battle.

The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail around Africa. After ______ difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that survived from Magellan’s expedition, which was one of ______ expeditions in the world.

The adventure of Magellan’s expedition told us that when facing difficulties, we should not give up easily. Instead, we need to be confident of ______ and tried our best to fight against them.

6 . The Silk Road went from China to Eastern Europe. It went along the north of China, India, and Persia and ended up in Eastern Europe near today’s Turkey and the MediterraneanSea（地中海）.

It was called the Silk Road because one of the major products traded was silk cloth from China. Chinese silk was soft and of high quality so people throughout Asia and Europe loved it very much.     1     Even the Romans called China the “land of silk”.

Besides silk, the Chinese also sold tea, salts, sugar, porcelain（瓷器）and spices.     2     This was because it was a long trip and traders didn’t have a lot of room for goods. They bought goods like cotton, ivory, wool, gold, and silver.

Traders travelled in large caravans. They would have many guards with them.     3     Most of the road was through dry land, so camels were popular animals for transport.

Although there was some trade between China and the rest of the world for some time, the silk trade developed quickly during the Han Dynasty which ruled from 206BC to 220AD.     4     During this time the Mongols controlled most of the trade road, and Chinese traders travel safely. Moreover, traders had a higher social position during the Mongol rule.

    5     It not only helped to develop trade between different countries, but also helped ideas, culture and inventions to spread across the world.

7 . How did people count things before the i    1     of written numbers?

At first, people used their fingers, and even their toes. H    2    , they could only count small numbers in this way.

After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones. This helped them count bigger numbers. They used them to count things like the days of the month, the a    3     of food and the number of animals they had.

Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones. This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could c    4     them around easily. This developed into tools like the abacus.

Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to show different numbers, and this l    5     to the Hindu-Arabic system (0-9). We are still using this system today.

Chinatown is the name of an area (地区) in the middle of London. It is a large Chinese community (社区) with a lot of Chinese restaurants, Chinese supermarkets and shops. Do you know its history?

In the 1950s, it was a poor area and everything was very cheap. At the same time, the world rice market became bad and thousands of farm workers in Hong Kong lost their jobs. They began going to London to look for work. They found jobs in the restaurants in this area.

These restaurant workers often worked 17 hours a day and had no time to learn English. As more Chinese arrived, more shops and businesses grew up. Women came to join their husbands and children came to join their fathers. The community grew, and Chinatown was born.

In the 1970s and 1980s, British-born Chinese started to have a better education (教育) and this brought economic (经济的) success to the area. Many families moved out of Chinatown, and there was more space for businesses. Chinatown soon became a popular place for tourists.

Now everyone knows about London’s Chinatown. During the Chinese New Year, the streets are seen with flags and thousands of Chinese go into the streets. For most time of the year though, Londoners and tourists go there mainly for the food in the Chinese restaurants. The best restaurants are the ones where the Chinese eat.

Why are so many British people interested in historical (历史的) television programs like Downton Abbey ( 《唐顿庄园》) ? Maybe because they want to see how both     1     and poor people lived years ago. Or is it because they like looking at the beautiful buildings people lived in—the country     2    ?

Downton Abbey is not a real place,     3     the house they used for the program is real.

Highclere Castle in the     4     of England was a castle (城堡) 900 years ago, but in the 9th century (世纪), people changed (改变) it into a house.

Why did people     5     country houses? Probably because they wanted other people to see how much money they had. These houses often had lots of furniture(家具) and paintings, as well as servants (佣人)     6    , clean and look after the family and guests (客人).

But as we know from the story of Downton, the     7     of the families who lived in these houses did not last.

Today, many country houses are open to     8    . People pay money to take a look inside.

Some of the houses were sold and     9     hospitals, schools, hotels, and     10     prisons (监狱).

And some are used for making films and TV programs like Downton Abbey.