1 . You have seen them in movies and television, but a man called Runar Stanley Sighvatsson in Iceland found a real Viking sword(维京人的剑). The sword could be 1,000 years old.
Swords were the main weapons ( 武器)of the Vikings, who sailed wooden ships from Scandinavia. They invaded (侵略)cities and traded goods during the late 8th to late 11th centuries. Scandinavia is a group of countries in Europe that includes Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Greenland and Finland.
Vikings were very strong and were good at sword fighting. Famous for their big muscles ( 肌肉), long hair and beards, Vikings conquered (征服)places in England, Scotland, Ireland and even Russia. Vikings are also great explorers. Leif Ericsson is believed to be the first European to reach Newfoundland Canada, in his long boat. This was 500 years before famous explorer Christopher Columbus arrived there. Viking stopped attacking other cities about 1,000 years ago.
But their descendants still live in Scandinavia, Russia and Europe today. Inspired by their courage and wisdom, some movie characters are Vikings. For example, popular Marvel Studios character, Thor, is based on a Viking. And the leading character Hiccup in the 2010 US cartoon film Train Your Dragon (《驯龙高手》) is also a Viking.
What’s more, sports team like the Minnesota Vikings in the US and Canberra Raiders in Australia have Vikings as their mascots (吉祥物).
1. What did Runar Stanley Sighvatsson find?| A．A Viking. | B．An ancient sword. | C．A wooden ship. |
a. Sweden b. Scotland c. Iceland
d. Russia e. Greenland f. Finland
g. England h. Norway i. Ireland
j. Denmark
| A．abefgh | B．bcdghi | C．acefhj |
| A．The first Vikings lived 1,000 years ago in Scandinavia. |
| B．They mainly used swords to fight with their enemies. |
| C．Leif Ericsson was a Viking and he went to Canada in his boat. |
| A．祖先 | B．后裔 | C．战友 |
| A．Introduction of some movie characters |
| B．Examples on how famous Vikings are. |
| C．Meanings of Vikings in sports. |
2 . How did people stay cool during the summer in ancient times? The days are getting hotter now. In modern times, we can enjoy cold drinks in an air-conditioned (有空调的) room to stay cool. In ancient times, however, people had their own ways.
As early as the Zhou Dynasty, there was a special department(部门) called the "ice administration". People who worked there would collect ice blocks(冰块) in winter and store them in an ice house. When summer came, people could take the ice blocks home and use them to make their rooms cooler.
The ice could also be used to make cold drinks. The "binghan"(冰鉴) was a type of ancient fridge. It was a big box made of ceramic (陶),wood or metal (金属)filled with ice. People would put drinks inside, close the lid(盖子),and the drinks would become cold after a while.
When it's too hot, you might find it difficult to fall asleep. In ancient times, there was a kind of pillow made of porcelain(瓷器).It felt pleasantly cool. It is said that Emperor Qianlong(1711-99) of the Qing Dynasty liked these pillows. Ancient people also wove(编织) reeds(芦苇) or bamboo into bed mats (垫子)to sleep on. Some people still use these mats today.
1. How do people keep away from heat nowadays according to the first paragraph?2. How did people have the special department "ice administration"?
3. Was "binghan" a big box made of ice to make cold drinks?
4. Why did Emperor Qianlong like the pillow made of porcelain?
5. What did ancient people wove into bed mats to have a better sleep in summer?
3 . The History of Tofu
In China |
1.Over 2000years ago, there was an ancient picture which shows a kitchen scene where soya milk and tofu were being made; 2.At about AD 1500,apoem called“Ode to Tofu" was witten by Su Ping. |
In Japan | 1.Duinghe Nara era (奈良时代), Kento broug tofu back to Japan from China; 2. In 1489, the word "tofu" was first written in the actual Japanese characters;, 3.In 1782,a popular cooking book Tofu Hyakuchin was published. |
In Western Countries | 1.In 1603, a Spanish book A Cllecion of Voyages and Travels introduced how tofu was made; 2. In 1704, the book A Cllection of Voyages and Travels was published in English; 3. In 1880, tofu was first produced in France by Pillieux; 4. In 1895, tofu was made in San Francisco, US. |
1. Which of the following was the earliest evidence（证据）of tofu production?
| A．A book. | B．A poem. | C．A picture. |
| A．1489 | B．1500 | C．1603 |
| A．Four | B．Five | C．Six |
4 . Do you often wear jeans? Do you have a pair of Levi’s jeans? Levi’s is the most famous brand (品牌) of jeans and denim(粗斜棉布) clothing. They have been popular for about one hundred and fifty years. Let’s learn about its history.
Levi Strauss was born in Germany in the mid-1800s and moved to the United States as a young man. He lived in New York City and learned the dry goods (纺织品) business for several years. In 1853 he took his knowledge and dreams to San Francisco to help with his brothers’ dry goods business.
The company began making denim in the 1870s, but it did not start making jeans until the 1920s.
Levi Strauss and his partner Jacob Davis patented(取得专利) the copper rivet(铜铆钉) to make their clothing strong and hard in 1873. It was to become a key part of their jeans design.
During the World War II, their jeans sold very well. Before the war, they only had 15 salesmen(推销员). After the war, they had 22,000 salesmen in 35 countries.
Levi’s jeans became popular with young people in the 1950s and 1960s. Levi’s 501 jeans were their biggest-selling product(产品). Today Levi’s jeans are more popular than ever, and Levi’s name continues to live in different countries.
1. Levi Strauss went to San Francisco to help his brothers with________.| A．jeans business | B．clothing business | C．dry goods business |
| A．In 1853 | B．In 1873 | C．In 1870 |
| A．传统 | B．设计 | C．标志 |
| A．To show how well their jeans sold. |
| B．To show how cheap their jeans are. |
| C．To show how much their salesmen loved their jobs. |
| A．Funny Stories | B．American History | C．The Fashion Industry(工业) |
5 . You have a first name to tell who you are. You have a last name to show which family you are from. But long time ago, people didn’t have last names. Because there was no need. Later they had to （不得不）have last names because there were so many Jacks, too many Bills, and too many Toms. People started（开始）to ask, which Jack? Which Bill? Which Mary? So if a Jack was a doctor, he became Jack Doctor. If a Bill was a son of Peter, he became Bill Peterson. If a Mary lived near the bush（灌木丛）, she became Mary Bush. This is how some last names started long long ago.
1. One’s last name can also be called the_________.| A．parents’ name | B．family name | C．second name |
| A．they didn’t know how to make last names. |
| B．they didn’t want to make their names too long. |
| C．there was no need. |
| A．Peter | B．John | C．Johnson |
| A．John Peterson | B．Jack White | C．Joe Hill |
| A．Her father’s first name | B．Place to live | C．Color |
In April, the second Belt and Road Forum (论坛) for International Cooperation（合作）was held in Beijing. Heads of states from 37 foreign countries attended it.1 The main goal of it is to make the countries work together in more areas. It has won the support of 152 countries and international groups.
As a Chinese student, 2 你应该了解一些关于丝绸之路的事。
3 Long ago, traders brought treasures from the East to the West. Trips to the West became more favorable when traders found silks and spices(香料). These treasures were not ordinary goods that were easy to get.
4丝绸之路不是一条真正的路。It was a route (路线) between the East and the West. It went through China, Turkey and Greece. Some traders traveled over land and others sailed across the sea. There was danger along both routes.
Over time, the Silk Road changed people in both the East and the West. Traders shared stories about faraway lands. They brought back drawings of the places and things they had seen, which helped people learn about new cultures. 5 Because of the Silk Road, the world seemed much smaller.
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Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years, and today it is still a favorite drink of millions of people in the world. Coffee is so popular, but do you know the story of coffee and how it was discovered?
There is an old story that says coffee was discovered in Africa long, long time ago. One day, a farmer was watching his goats, and he saw them eat some small berries(干种子) from a plant.After they ate the berries, the goats became very active. The man often felt tired, so he decided to try the berries too. Surprisingly, he did not feel tired any more. Coffee plants were thus discovered.Then coffee was taken from Africa to Arabia(阿拉伯半岛), and there it was first used as medicine. The Arabs kept coffee a secret for many years. Later, coffee came to Turkey, then Italy, then France. From Europe, the coffee plant was taken to America.People found that plants were grown. On these farms, coffee beans were picked from the plants by hand. Then the beans were dried and prepared for market to sell. Different coffee beans were mixed together to produce different kinds of coffee. Coffee was sent to all over the world, and soon became very popular.
1. Where did coffee come from?
2. What was coffee first used as in Arabia?
3. Why were large coffee farms started in South America?
4. Were coffee beans picked by machine?
5. Where was coffee sent?
