1 . Fire was discovered many thousands of years ago. The first time humans saw fire was probably when a tree was destroyed by lightning(闪电). Humans soon learned how to make fire. They probably made the first fire by rubbing (摩擦) two sticks together.
Fire was very important to humans. They needed to keep warm at night. They used fire to cook food. They used fire to keep enemies and wild animals away. In some parts of the world fire was used to send messages. The Indians in America, for example, used fire to make smoke(烟雾) as a message. In some other countries people lit fires to warn their friends of danger.
Fire was also used to give light. Before the invention of the oil lamp(灯), humans burned sticks to get light.
One man even used fire to tell the time. He invented a candle clock. He made a candle that took exactly twelve hours to burn. Then he marked this candle in twelve equal(相等的) parts. He lit the candle and could tell the time by counting the number of parts left of the burning candle. But the candle clock did not always work well. If there was a wind blowing on the candle, it burned too quickly.
（一）根据短文内容简要回答问题。
1. How did Indians in America use fire?
2. What happened to the candle if there was a wind blowing on it?
（二）将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。
3.
4.
（三）请给短文拟一个适当的标题。
5.
2 . The human story began around 65 million years ago, when animals first appeared on Earth. Over thousands of years, their bodies became almost human. Their brains became
Many scientists believe modern humans first appeared in Africa. By 20,000 B.C., they had travelled and settled all over the world. They travelled farthest during
The first farmers on Earth lived in the Middle East. Around 9,000 B.C., people
Early peoples had to make the big discoveries-how to build homes, farm the land, communicate and protect
3 . Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr Sanders, the man who started this
| A．business | B．shop | C．life | D．search . |
| A．coffee | B．water | C．food | D．gas |
| A．passed | B．got to | C．stopped | D．left |
| A．late | B．hungry | C．tired | D．sick |
| A．Although | B．If | C．Because | D．Once |
| A．cheap | B．low | C．high | D．expensive |
| A．passengers | B．drivers | C．students | D．doctors |
| A．Then | B．So | C．But | D．For |
| A．ate | B．liked | C．tried | D．drank |
| A．appeared | B．found | C．built | D．broken |
| A．out | B．to | C．over | D．on |
| A．close | B．run | C．return | D．take |
| A．trying | B．believing | C．thinking | D．suggesting |
| A．failed | B．fails | C．succeeds | D．succeeded |
| A．whenever | B．wherever | C．where | D．when |
4 . Everyone loves money! But do you know where money came from? Who were the first people to use money? Scientists say that over 10,000 years ago, people in Swaziland(斯威士兰), Southern Africa, were using red dye(染料) as a type of money around that period of time. Later, people in several places used shells and other valuable things as a type of money to “buy” or “trade for” things they wanted. This is known as a form of trade where some goods are exchanged for other goods.
Many things have been used as “money” from pigs to salt. For a long time, pepper(胡椒粉) could be used to “pay for” things in Europe. On the Micronesian island of Yap, people used very big stone “coins”, some of which were up to eight feet wide and weighed more than a small car.
But the most convenient forms of money were pieces of valuable metals like gold and silver. Historians think that the Lydians were the first people to introduce the use of gold and silver coins around 650 BC. Gold and silver are still quite valuable today.
The first banknotes(纸币) appeared in China in the 7th century, and the first banknotes in Europe came out in 1661.
Money has changed through the ages. However, it is more important today than ever before.
1. How long ago did people start using money?| A．Perhaps 1,000 years ago. |
| B．Perhaps 100,000, 000 years ago. |
| C．Perhaps 10,000 years ago. |
| D．Perhaps 1,000, 000 years ago. |
| A．Pigs, pepper and dyes. |
| B．Lines, dyes and butterflies. |
| C．Dyes, coins and bananas. |
| D．Bananas, rocks and pencils. |
| A．The first money was used only in Swaziland. |
| B．Shells were used as clothing a long time ago. |
| C．The banknotes appeared in China and Europe at different times. |
| D．Large stones, pigs, salt and pepper were used as early types of money. |
| A．dye and pepper | B．pigs and salt |
| C．shells and stones | D．gold and silver |
| A．Everyone loves money. |
| B．People have used different forms of money for a long time. |
| C．People have used money for only a short time. |
| D．Spending money is fun. |
5 . You have seen them in movies and television, but a man called Runar Stanley Sighvatsson in Iceland found a real Viking sword(维京人的剑). The sword could be 1,000 years old.
Swords were the main weapons ( 武器)of the Vikings, who sailed wooden ships from Scandinavia. They invaded (侵略)cities and traded goods during the late 8th to late 11th centuries. Scandinavia is a group of countries in Europe that includes Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Greenland and Finland.
Vikings were very strong and were good at sword fighting. Famous for their big muscles ( 肌肉), long hair and beards, Vikings conquered (征服)places in England, Scotland, Ireland and even Russia. Vikings are also great explorers. Leif Ericsson is believed to be the first European to reach Newfoundland Canada, in his long boat. This was 500 years before famous explorer Christopher Columbus arrived there. Viking stopped attacking other cities about 1,000 years ago.
But their descendants still live in Scandinavia, Russia and Europe today. Inspired by their courage and wisdom, some movie characters are Vikings. For example, popular Marvel Studios character, Thor, is based on a Viking. And the leading character Hiccup in the 2010 US cartoon film Train Your Dragon (《驯龙高手》) is also a Viking.
What’s more, sports team like the Minnesota Vikings in the US and Canberra Raiders in Australia have Vikings as their mascots (吉祥物).
1. What did Runar Stanley Sighvatsson find?| A．A Viking. | B．An ancient sword. | C．A wooden ship. |
a. Sweden b. Scotland c. Iceland
d. Russia e. Greenland f. Finland
g. England h. Norway i. Ireland
j. Denmark
| A．abefgh | B．bcdghi | C．acefhj |
| A．The first Vikings lived 1,000 years ago in Scandinavia. |
| B．They mainly used swords to fight with their enemies. |
| C．Leif Ericsson was a Viking and he went to Canada in his boat. |
| A．祖先 | B．后裔 | C．战友 |
| A．Introduction of some movie characters |
| B．Examples on how famous Vikings are. |
| C．Meanings of Vikings in sports. |
6 . How did people stay cool during the summer in ancient times? The days are getting hotter now. In modern times, we can enjoy cold drinks in an air-conditioned (有空调的) room to stay cool. In ancient times, however, people had their own ways.
As early as the Zhou Dynasty, there was a special department(部门) called the "ice administration". People who worked there would collect ice blocks(冰块) in winter and store them in an ice house. When summer came, people could take the ice blocks home and use them to make their rooms cooler.
The ice could also be used to make cold drinks. The "binghan"(冰鉴) was a type of ancient fridge. It was a big box made of ceramic (陶),wood or metal (金属)filled with ice. People would put drinks inside, close the lid(盖子),and the drinks would become cold after a while.
When it's too hot, you might find it difficult to fall asleep. In ancient times, there was a kind of pillow made of porcelain(瓷器).It felt pleasantly cool. It is said that Emperor Qianlong(1711-99) of the Qing Dynasty liked these pillows. Ancient people also wove(编织) reeds(芦苇) or bamboo into bed mats (垫子)to sleep on. Some people still use these mats today.
1. How do people keep away from heat nowadays according to the first paragraph?2. How did people have the special department "ice administration"?
3. Was "binghan" a big box made of ice to make cold drinks?
4. Why did Emperor Qianlong like the pillow made of porcelain?
5. What did ancient people wove into bed mats to have a better sleep in summer?
7 . Sandwich was an Englishman. He lived in the 18th century. Sandwich was rich, but he liked to play cards for money. He often played for 24 hours, and didn't even stop to have his meals. He ordered his servants (仆人) to bring him some meat and bread. He put the meat between the two pieces of bread and held the food in his left hand while he played cards with his right hand. People liked Sandwich’s idea, and from then on they ate bread and meat as Sandwich did.
From the name of the man, Sandwich, we have the word of the food “sandwich” today.
1. Sandwich was the _________.| A．name of a servant |
| B．name of a man with a lot of money |
| C．poor man who lived on playing cards |
| D．name of food which was liked by the rich |
| A．bread, together with meat was cheap |
| B．he always won when he played cards |
| C．they liked Sandwich himself |
| D．when they ate with one of their hands they could do something with the other |
| A．also a name of a rich man |
| B．two pieces of bread with meat in between |
| C．not interested in playing cards |
| D．not liked by most of the people |
8 . The History of Tofu
In China |
1.Over 2000years ago, there was an ancient picture which shows a kitchen scene where soya milk and tofu were being made; 2.At about AD 1500,apoem called“Ode to Tofu" was witten by Su Ping. |
In Japan | 1.Duinghe Nara era (奈良时代), Kento broug tofu back to Japan from China; 2. In 1489, the word "tofu" was first written in the actual Japanese characters;, 3.In 1782,a popular cooking book Tofu Hyakuchin was published. |
In Western Countries | 1.In 1603, a Spanish book A Cllecion of Voyages and Travels introduced how tofu was made; 2. In 1704, the book A Cllection of Voyages and Travels was published in English; 3. In 1880, tofu was first produced in France by Pillieux; 4. In 1895, tofu was made in San Francisco, US. |
1. Which of the following was the earliest evidence（证据）of tofu production?
| A．A book. | B．A poem. | C．A picture. |
| A．1489 | B．1500 | C．1603 |
| A．Four | B．Five | C．Six |
9 . Every English people has a family name. But what does it mean? Where do family names come from?
First, some family names come from the place of their homes. If a man lives on or near a hill, his family name may be Hill. In England people’s names may be Wood, Lake, because they live near the wood or lake. Second, family names come from a person’s job. If a person is a cook, he may be Cook. Third, many people get their family names from their father’s given name. If you hear the name “Jackson”, you know that he is the son of Jack.
1. How many ways do English people get their family names in the passage?| A．1 | B．2 | C．3 | D．4 |
| A．Lake | B．Ocean | C．Wood | D．Hill |
| A．Cook | B．Farmer | C．Brown | D．Baker |
| A．Williamson | B．Hill | C．Lake | D．Jackson |
| A．Family Names Come From a Person’s Job |
| B．People Like Where They Live |
| C．Father Always Give Their Son Family Names |
| D．Where Do Family Names Come From? |
10 . Stamps help connect us with others. They have played an important role in people's lives for a long time.
Stamps pay for a letter to get where it needs to be. When there were no stamps, people did not pay for the letters they sent, but instead they paid for the letters they received. The first stamp ever made is called Penny Black. It is a British stamp made in 1840 with a picture of Queen Victoria on it. The number of people who send letters and use stamps has gone down. But stamp collection is still one of the world' s most popular hobbies. There are even stamp clubs to help people find new stamps to add to their collections. Interestingly enough, the Internet may have reduced the need for stamps, but it is actually helping collectors find more stamps to add to their collections.
任务5: 根据短文（C）内容完成表格,每空一词
| Stamps Help Us Keep in | |
| The first stamp | Made in |
| The way to pay for letters | Receivers paid for letters |
| Stamps today | The stamps has been reduced because of the |
| Stamp | One of the world’s most popular hobbies |
