1 . Over ______ years ago, people from Northern Asia went to America. Today, we call these people Indians (印第安人).

The Indians went to America ______ the weather began to change. Northern Asia became very cold. Everything froze. They _______ move. How did the first Indians go to America? They walked.

Later, Columbus (哥伦布) found the New World in 1492. At first, only _______ people went there with Columbus. They travelled to America _______. Then more and more Germans and Italians went to America. Most of them took almost no money with them. They went to America to find a better life.

1.

A．thirty thousands

B．thirty thousand

C．thirty thousand of

D．thirty thousands of

2.

A．because

B．so

C．but

D．so that

3.

A．will

B．have to

C．had to

D．needed

4.

A．a little

B．little

C．few

D．a few

5.

A．by boats

B．on boats

C．in boat

D．by boat

3 . In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.

The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographer had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After the 1840s, daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.

Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls. So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures" snapshot".

Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.

Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 20th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

1. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to ________.

A．watch lots of films	B．buy an expensive camera
C．stop in most cities	D．take many films and something else with him

2. The passage is mainly about ________.

A．the invention of cameras	B．how to develop films
C．the development of photography	D．the important dates in the history of photography

3. The first pictures of a war were taken by ________.

A．a French photographer in the 1840s	B．an American photographer in the 1860s
C．a German reporter in the 1880s	D．a French artist in the 1890s

4. Photography can also be an art form because artists can ________.

A．take anything they like	B．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famous	D．show ideas and feeling in pictures

5. According to the passage, which of the followings shows the correct order?
a. Photographs became popular in newspapers.
b. Photographers carried processing equipment while taking pictures.
c. The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier.
d. Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.
e. Brady took pictures of famous people.

A．e, a, d, b, c

B．d, b, e, c, a

C．b, e, c, a, d

D．d, c, e, a, b.

4 . IV. 听短文，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。
1. How long is the history of basketball?

A．More than 100 years.

B．More than 200 years.

C．More than 1000 years.

2. When did basketball become an Olympic event?

A．In 1891.

B．In 1936.

C．In 1946.

3. Where did James Naismith come from?

A．Canada.

B．Germany.

C．The United States.

4. Where did James Naismith invent basketball?

A．In an American college.

B．In a Canadian college.

C．In a Germany college.

5. What’s the purpose of the game?

A．To learn a new skill.

B．To make friends.

C．To get a ball into the basket.

5 . To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade (遮蔽) against the sun.

Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.

We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and power (权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.

In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it became a symbol of power.

Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.

1. Ancient people first used umbrellas as _______.

A．a symbol of honor

B．protection against the sun

C．a symbol of power

D．protection against the rain

2. According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in ancient ________.

A．Egypt

B．Babylon

C．Rome

D．China

3. The underlined word “royal” might mean ________ in Chinese.

A．皇室的

B．富裕的

C．中产的

D．平民的

4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life.

B．Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages.

C．The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times.

D．The style of the umbrella hasn’t changed a lot since it was invented.

5. This passage is mainly about ________.

A．the sales of the umbrella

B．the differences among umbrellas

C．the invention of the umbrella

D．the history and the use of the umbrella

6 . Beijing Opera appeared in the Qing Dynasty(朝代). In 1790, many opera troupes(戏班)went to Beijing for performances to celebrate the birthday of Qianlong. This kind of unusual performance touched the hearts of the people deeply. While in Beijing, the troupes created a new kind of opera called Beijing Opera. It was on the basis(基础)of Anhui Opera by taking in the advantages of other operas.

Beijing Opera is quite unique(唯一的)in role shaping because it divides the roles into different kinds. They are sheng, dan, jing and chou which are quite different in many ways.

A popular song goes like this, “Foreigners call Jingxi Beijing Opera.” In fact, Beijing Opera is different from opera. Opera tells the story and expresses the thoughts by singing instead of speaking. But Beijjing Opera stresses(强调)chang, nian, zuo and da. Chang means singing; nian means musical spoken parts; zuo means dance movements and da means martial(武打)skills.

Mei Lanfang is an excellent performing artist of Beijing Opera in China. In 1930, he led an opera troupe to America and presented Beijing Opera before western people. Today, Beijing Opera has become the sign of Chinese culture. It is changing with the development of different musical styles.

1. Beijing Opera appeared in the ________Dynasty.

A．Song

B．Yuan

C．Ming

D．Qing

2. Beijing Opera was created by ________.

A．performing in Beijing	B．touching the hearts of the people
C．celebrating Qialong’s birthday	D．taking in the advantages of other operas

3. There are four important kinds of ________in Beijing Opera.

A．roles

B．styles

C．shapes

D．signs

4. In Beijing Opera, _________means dance movements.

A．nian

B．zuo

C．da

D．chang

5. Which of the following is RIGHT?

A．Beijing Opera is the same as opera.

B．Opera expresses the thoughts by speaking.

C．Beijing Opera has never changed until now.

D．Mei Lanfang thought Beijing Opera to the world.

7 . 假如你是茶文化博物馆的讲解员，明天你要向一批外国游客用英语介绍有关茶的发明历史。请根据以下英语问题，结合本单元所学内容准备一篇题为"The Invention of Tea"的书面介绍。

内容提示：
1.When was it invented?
2.Who was it invented by?
3.How was it invented?
要求：
1.词数不少于100；首句已给出不计入总词数。
2.不要只简单回答内容提示中的问题，可增加相关内容。

The Invention of Tea

Tea is the most popular drink after water in the world. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . George Devol who came from the USA designed the first programmable robot in 1969. It meant that the robot age had started from then on. However, in about 989 BC, during western Zhou Dynasty, a Chinese man whose name was Yan Shi made a wood robot. It looked like a real man and it was able to do many actions. It was good at dancing and it has a heart, a stomach and other things in its body. It also had teeth and hair. It could express its feelings by using its eyes. Its eyes could move and could show love to women, but it couldn't laugh. It was probably the earliest robot in the world.

Not all robots always look like humans. They have various shapes. They are clever and they can do all kinds of jobs, especially difficult and dangerous jobs. They are widely used in factories, banks, hospitals and other places. In the future, robots will make fewer mistakes, even can correct themselves and they will be smarter. It's possible that we will have a robot in our own home. They will do more things for us. We will have more free time to have a rest, to relax ourselves with the help of robots. I believe that we can have a better life.

1. What started the robot age?

A．The first programmable robot.	B．The Chinese robot.
C．The wood robot.	D．The small robot.

2. What couldn't Yan Shi's robot do?

A．Dance.	B．Tempt women with eyes.
C．Express its feelings with eyes.	D．laugh.

3. How old was the earliest robot in the world?

A．About 50 years old.	B．About 100 years old.
C．About 2,000 years old.	D．About 3,000 years old.

4. Which is NOT true about the robots now?

A．Now robots are in all kinds of shapes.

B．Now robots can do kind of difficult jobs.

C．Now robots can help people do most of jobs.

D．Now robots can help doctors in some ways.

5. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Robots.	B．The history of robots.
C．The robots' usage and start.	D．People and robots.

9 . It’s said that China uses 45 billion pairs of chopsticks a year. Here’s some information about chopsticks.

History of chopsticks

Chopsticks have a long history of more than 3, 000 years in China. The recorded history of chopsticks is as early as the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046BC). According to an article about Chinese history, the emperor of the Shang Dynasty used chopsticks made of ivory.

Legends about how chopsticks were invented

★One is about Jiang Ziya. He was told by a bird to use bamboo sticks to pick up meat. When smoke came from bamboo sticks, he found out that his wife wanted to use poisonous food to kill him.

★Another is about Da Ji. She used to please Emperor Zhou by picking up hot meat with hair sticks.

★The third one is about Da Yu. He invented wooden chopsticks to pick up hot food to save time over the meal while preparing for flood control work.

Materials of chopsticks

●Bamboo has been the most popular material used for chopsticks because it is inexpensive, easy-to-get, resistant（抵抗的）to heat, and has no terrible odor or taste.

●Wood: Cedar, sandalwood, teak and pine have also been used.

●Jade（翡翠）and metal: In the past, the wealthy people had chopsticks made of jade. People also used some metals such as gold and silver to make chopsticks.

●Porcelain（瓷器）and plastic: These two materials are used in modern times because of the development of technology.

1. How many legends are mentioned in the passage?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

2. After reading the passage, we can know ________ wanted to kill Jiang Ziya.

A．his wife

B．Da Yu

C．Da Ji

D．the emperor

3. The underlined word “odor” probably means “________” in Chinese.

A．气味

B．形状

C．宽度

D．竹笋

4. Which of the following is NOT the reason why bamboo is used to make chopsticks?

A．Bamboo is not expensive to get.	B．Bamboo is resistant to heat.
C．Bamboo doesn’t taste terrible.	D．Bamboo grows fast everywhere.

5. What’s the purpose of the passage?

A．To tell us how to use chopsticks to eat meals.	B．To tell us some legends of using chopsticks.
C．To tell us some information about chopsticks.	D．To explain why chopsticks are popular in China.

10 . The first chocolate was enjoyed     1     the people in Central and South America hundreds of years ago. In those days, the cocoa bean(可可豆)was used   to make chocolate drink. Much later, it    2    (bring) to Europe.

In 1824, Mr. Cadbury opened a small shop in the United Kingdom. He    3    (sell) chocolate drink.

In 1831, he opened a factory to make chocolate drink. Mr. Cadbury believed    4    wine was bad and he wanted    5    (encourage) people to drink chocolate instead. A few years later, a man invented a way to make chocolate bars(块), and so people had the chance to eat chocolate instead of only    6    (drink) it.

At first, only dark chocolate was made. Milk chocolate came later and it was made by adding milk    7    the chocolate. Mr. Cadbury made the first milk chocolate bar in 1897. The most famous chocolate, Cadbury's Milk Bar, was made in 1905. It    8    (be) popular for over 100 years. The Cadbury factory still    9    (make) chocolate in the United Kingdom, and the chocolate is eaten all over the world. Every year, thousands of visitors go to the factory to see    10     chocolate is made.