1 . Today many students have much trouble when they are at school. They are not confident (自信), independent (独立) and patient. For example, some middle school students can get _________ easily and lose temper (发脾气) with their classmates, teachers and parents. How to deal with these problems? Here is some experts’ ________ to teachers and parents:

You must have enough patience if your children are impatient about everything. Experts find that fishing, _________ music or taking walks is good for children to develop their patience. They suggest parents and teachers give their children some time to do their own things and allow them to make their _______ about their clothes, hairstyle and hobbies.

As for independence, teachers should help their students to know how to be independent when they are alone at school or outside. First of all, teachers should teach the importance of independence to the students. In the USA, parents never help their children stand up when they fall down. They let their kids start to know how to rely on (依靠) themselves ________ asking them for help. They also like to talk with their kids like friends all the time.

Some students don’t have confidence in their ability. The experts suggest that parents and teachers can start by ________ more about their kids and respecting their ideas and opinions. Parents and teachers can also encourage kids to do something they are good at.

It takes patience and hard work to help children have these good qualities (素养).

2 . Before electricity lit up our lives, the streets of even the world’s greatest cities were very dark at night. Not only were the streets dark, but also they were _______ for pedestrians (行人). People were brave or foolish enough to walk in the night streets, carrying torches or lanterns to light their way.

Over time, bright minds came up with bright ideas to solve this problem. Back in the fifth century, oil lamps were hung on ropes across the streets of Antioch in Syria. In China, natural gas was carried _______ bamboo pipes to light street lamps.

It wasn’t until the nineteenth century, though, that gas lighting was used in Europe. The first gas streetlights appeared in London in 1807. By 1820, gas lamps lit streets in Paris, France, and Baltimore, Maryland. With gas lighting, a new _______ was created—the lamplighter (点灯人). In cities and town, you could see the lamplighter with his ladder and lantern in the evening here and there.

Electric streetlights came along in 1841. The first of these were installed (安装) in Paris. These electric lamps _______ a strong light. However, they had to be _______ every few hours. The true birth of the age of electricity for street lighting came in 1879. Thomas Alva Edison had invented a longer lasting light bulb.

With the spread of electric streetlights, the need for lamplighters became _______. These familiar figures (身影) slowly went away from the evening streets.

3 . Genius kids or Whizz kids will often have in-depth knowledge in one area of interest. Every parent wants to believe their child is special, and they are! How can you tell if your little one is more than just _________? “Gifted” can be described as “those who show outstanding levels in one or more areas”. The following are some signs.

One of the first signs that you may be raising a genius appears very early in a child’s life. A doctor says, “Language skills may be greatly above age level. Many gifted children often _________ a large vocabulary and speak in long sentences at an early age,” she says.

Genius kids often learn to read quickly and earlier than other children the same age and enjoy reading for meaning and _________. If your child has worked their way through some reading list, they may well be genius material!

Smart kids are interested in the world around them, but real geniuses have a great curiosity to find out about the very de tail of how things work. Gifted children might have an unending stream of questions for their parents to answer _________.

Genius kids can tell you the scientific name of every dinosaur or explain the working system of a car engine. As Science Daily explains, “A whizz-kid is someone who, by the age of about 11, shows understanding in a field like adults.”

Many genius kids will become leaders of industry. A doctor says that gifted children can take charge to find the most effective solution. They always look for ways to improve their performance. This is a good quality of leaders. They usually can lead a team _________ they have more confidence in their sense of direction and experience in taking charge.

4 . Jane is reading the contents page of the book Toby in trouble.

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