B.电流表A(内阻约为10Ω,量程为6mA)
C.滑动变阻器R(5Ω,2A)
D.干电池组(6V,0.05Ω)
E.一个开关和导线若干
F.螺旋测微器,游标卡尺
(1)如图甲,用螺旋测微器测导体棒的直径D为
(2)用多用电表粗测导体棒的阻值:
①当用“×10”挡时,正确操作后,发现指针偏转角度过小,该同学应该换用
②换挡后,立即测量,得到导体棒的电阻;
③在②中,操作遗漏的步骤是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/171102a883b22fe6ca578efc8926f5b8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/7/2/1c8de303-ada8-4efa-b95f-783a723076a3.png?resizew=149)
(1)实验时,闭合开关S前,滑动变阻器的滑片P应处在
(2)按照图1连接实物图,如图2所示。闭合开关前检查电路时,发现有一根导线接错,该导线为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
(1)先用多用电表粗测该电阻的阻值,已知多用电表内部灵敏电流计满偏电流500μA,选择开关旋转到欧姆挡的“×1k”挡,调节多用电表使指针指在图乙中的位置,读出粗测电阻的阻值
(2)为了精确测量该电阻的阻值,该同学从实验室选取的器材有:
A.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1516ae1a9b649b17abd9f7b39f9318c1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51b6c28625e4b8a12569a9e76c2fb952.png)
B.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4b5c929172bbfc21741fa7ef1f53b7bb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e1ca1df7e95781eaa742da285f19b319.png)
C.电压表V(0~3V,内阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1801e44e46badbb9f7803d337092c09.png)
D.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d65a8903dd99e711f61600d84fd9c093.png)
E.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/34ff764d87aadf8228619541e3d340d8.png)
F.滑动变阻器R(0~50Ω,额定电流2A)
G.电源(12V,内阻约1.0Ω)
G.开关和导线若干
(3)请根据所选实验仪器在图丙方框中设计出合理的实验电路。
(4)若实验小组用刻度尺测出水样两电极相距L,用游标卡尺测得玻璃管的内径为D,请利用电路中电压表示数U,电流表示数I,及相关物理量的表示符号,表示出该水样品电导率的表达式为
多用电表;
两节干电池串联后的电池组;
滑动变阻器;
电流表A(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3a6c025932d8b9f7ed3e15484b47083.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/912272c30bc043aeae4fd88dedbee2ee.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/756de2414ffd325f5a0b5f6318a71caa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82d3b983a212ba40a56c306f18a6bcb2.png)
电压表V(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e6350f83ec3310faf770a23d43c7093.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/951f5dfc2ee88b950c0a4322d9236ce4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f7decc71c07fdc40a89d30648861e8f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/549b8489b17608927e9ba3f6d2da1f16.png)
开关一个,导线若干。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/21/f7d0779e-6861-4217-b018-1f3bfa333eef.png?resizew=511)
(1)该同学先用多用电表粗测该金属丝的电阻,在欧姆挡的倍率调为“×1”时,表盘的示数如图1所示,其读数为
(2)接着该同学利用所给器材连接好的部分电路如图2所示,则图中的导线a应与电流表
(3)连接好电路后,该同学移动滑动变阻器滑片的过程中,若某次电压表和电流表的示数分别为U、I,则待测金属丝的电阻表达式为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67c1313842b62428737610b14806d883.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0b132e0cbd0e446630f4bb65804ce581.png)
(1)先测量电阻丝的长度,再用螺旋测微器测量其直径,结果如图1所示为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e3e0a6f3b59a4cca5721ec634408d197.png)
A.电流表(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd03792c2bb898cc9effd2dc4036869f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3ed734a4b57c6d63e19d403f419d3c7.png)
B.电压表(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de0c81d3bdfe9dd9fe420c382e8b91c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ad53b547e11f3e4719a70a4b9564cc8.png)
C.滑动变阻器(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/281e8f4804c29190f5535f58d39341a2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6699c896d7394a071917fe3922f3864f.png)
D.滑动变阻器(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1557049786dd01a422375b01bb23b728.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d73c327d0f1396ddc8f8a4c1662cd626.png)
为减小误差,且电压调节范围尽量大,滑动变阻器应选
(3)补充完成图2中实物间的连线
A.多次测量金属丝直径并求平均值可以减小系统误差
B.用电压—电流图像处理实验数据求金属丝电阻可以减小偶然误差
C.电压表分流会导致电阻测量值偏小
D.电流表分压会导致电阻测量值偏大
(4)电导率是电阻率的倒数,常用单位是(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fec4414e25fa4c5c47116b7b0c7b5c9c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9249b5c2160b5f03b46d0fc55526151a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/689ff84e2d7f52c7446ef789a54557da.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9031fecf8738dce09d2adcc2e185509c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0b132e0cbd0e446630f4bb65804ce581.png)
(1)在测量了电阻丝的长度之后,该同学用螺旋测微器测量电阻丝的直径,测量结果如图1所示为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/20/f4195e5f-d65b-4c69-b6de-912b5ddeffd1.png?resizew=152)
(2)现有电源(电动势E为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85b0e51d98e0e163444c5b397eca276a.png)
A.电流表(量程
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd03792c2bb898cc9effd2dc4036869f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3ed734a4b57c6d63e19d403f419d3c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de0c81d3bdfe9dd9fe420c382e8b91c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/951f5dfc2ee88b950c0a4322d9236ce4.png)
C.滑动变阻器(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/281e8f4804c29190f5535f58d39341a2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04fa051e5a7b175d0d95b5e84558dd0e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1557049786dd01a422375b01bb23b728.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67256368a8a7676db7d01653f4fe28f9.png)
为减小误差,且电压调节范围尽量大,滑动变阻器应选
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/20/22f3fd1e-0116-4451-86c4-81ef8a3a4c4a.png?resizew=237)
(3)关于上述实验,下列说法正确的是
A.用螺旋测微器多次测量金属丝直径并取平均值可以减小系统误差
B.用电压电流图像处理实验数据求金属丝电阻可以减小偶然误差
C.只考虑电表内阻引起的误差,电压表分流会导致电阻测量值偏小
D.只考虑电表内阻引起的误差,电流表分压会导致电阻测量值偏大
(4)电导率是电阻率的倒数,用希腊字母
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/700458c01a7ad031e27d80ed43e9e882.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2799b0089d65613de6b1a882964c022f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b55628961bfb5ad55a4feaf57317d719.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ccb2d299dc43ef75d79e5ed2e695a8d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/689ff84e2d7f52c7446ef789a54557da.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/06fe7b631c5a124f24daf0451134418e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
若用上面灌满该饮用水的圆筒替换掉原来的电阻丝,进一步用图2中的电路(不增减器材)较为精确的测量该饮用水的电导率,则需对电路结构的改进措施是
b.将平行排列的四根金属探针甲、乙、丙、丁与样品接触,其中甲、乙、丁位置固定,丙可在乙、丁间左右移动;
c.将丙调节至某位置,测量丙和某探针之间的距离L;
d.闭合开关S,调节电阻箱R的阻值,使电流表示数I = 0.40A,读出相应的电压表示数U,断开开关S;
e.改变丙的位置,重复步骤c、d,测量多组L和U,作出U—L图像如图(b)所示,得到直线的斜率k。
回答下列问题:
(1)L是丙到
(2)写出电阻率的表达式ρ =
(3)根据图像计算出该样品的电阻率ρ =
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/700458c01a7ad031e27d80ed43e9e882.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/2/914ae3cc-faf9-4e8e-a4d2-3c5534c44d77.png?resizew=445)
请根据以上所述完成下列问题:
(1)容器的内径d的测量值为
(2)请根据图乙所示的实物图画出电路图
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/6/6/448448f7-0e02-4b1d-87ba-e925b6057dec.png?resizew=74)
(3)根据图丙的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e3ef4881bd7c5860178dbdbc7bba6e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
(4)计算出该水样的电导率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/38739ef043c360794dd1719d0c1db5d2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/08feef8aeeaeebb3a1e5a3aaf97709a2.png)
9 . 物理兴趣小组为了测量金属丝的电阻率,除了待测金属丝、刻度尺、螺旋测微器、开关和导线之外,还备有下列器材:
A.电压表V1(量程0~3V,内阻约3kΩ)
B.电压表V2(量程0~15V,内阻约15kΩ)
C.电流表A1(量程0~100mA,内阻约5Ω)
D.电流表A2(量程0~0.6A,内阻约0.1Ω)
E.多用电表
F.滑动变阻器R1(阻值0~10Ω,额定电流2A)
G.滑动变阻器R2(阻值0~2kΩ,额定电流0.5A)
H.电源E(输出电压约4V,内阻可忽略)
(1)取一段均匀的电阻丝接在木板的两接线柱上,用刻度尺测量两接线柱间金属丝的长度L=50.0cm,用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径示数如图a所示,直径d=
(2)为了选择合适的测量电路,先用多用电表的欧姆“×1”挡粗测金属丝的电阻,示数如图b所示,其读数为
(3)小组成员准备测量多组数据,描绘U-I图像,根据图像求出电阻,请画出所需实验电路图
(4)改变滑动变阻器滑片的位置,测出多组电压、电流值,绘出U-I图像如图d所示,金属丝的电阻R=(取2位有效数字)。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be9b4a83b9aebebf29de0c4406ebf894.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaf3a1e976dc7ccea4600a8ad1121760.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be9b4a83b9aebebf29de0c4406ebf894.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/31/fbfb8501-d56d-480b-954e-2abb5f7d1fa4.png?resizew=638)
(1)甲图的读数为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f3bf70722b22983c120d008d097602.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5be4dd62f994aa9b12b4da0ccba9ac60.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
(2)对丙图实验时闭合开关,从右向左逐渐改变鳄鱼夹的位置,记录鳄鱼夹每一个位置对应的金属丝接入电路的有效长度L,以及对应的电流表A的示数I,得到多组
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/06cbd4e914b6e75ed3dd25720ff9266e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e619475201be944ce3c0275e0a5684cd.png)
(3)若丁图的斜率为k,纵轴的截距为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a6616da8f7c03dc5d8f1ed993d3cfa25.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/258e40e3883271c3580c1d3c805dcac6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
(4)若电流表A内阻不可忽略且未知,则金属丝电阻率的测量值