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文章大意:本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述了作者对在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这条建议的看法,并肯定了它所带来的好处。

1 . At a conference last week, I received an interesting piece of advice:   “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a fellow psychology professor. He wasn’t objecting to any particular claim I’d made — he was offering a strategy for pursuing better science, and for encouraging others to do the same.

To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back — to the nature of science itself. Despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories change, so do scientific methods.

Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks, and for scientific arguments to develop into personal battles. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer, a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.

Nosek’s advice may sound pessimistic, but it’s not so foreign to science. Philosophers of science sometimes refer to the “pessimistic meta-induction (元归纳)” on the history of science: All of our past scientific theories have been wrong, so surely our current theories will turn out to be wrong, too. That doesn’t mean we haven’t made progress, but it does indicate that there is always room for improvement—ways to be less wrong.

I like the advice because it builds in an awareness of our limitations and a readiness to accept the unknown (“there are things I do not know!”) along with a sense that we can do better (“there are things I do not know yet!”). It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Perhaps the focus on a shared goal — our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong — can help make up for any harm in scientific motivation or communication.

1. Why did Nosek send the advice?
A.To express opinions about my claims. B.To remind me to be open to criticism.
C.To encourage me to take up science. D.To better my understanding of psychology.
2. How does assuming you are wrong help?
A.It motivates scientists to make efforts. B.It addresses personal attacks and conflicts.
C.It sets a constructive improvement goal. D.It contributes to a deeper insight into yourself.
3. What does the author think of science theories?
A.Dynamic. B.Testable. C.Pioneering. D.Well-established.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Accept the UnknownB.Aim to Be Less Wrong
C.Get Engaged in PsychologyD.Dig into the Nature of Science
2024-03-15更新 | 719次组卷 | 6卷引用:2024届山东省青岛市高三一模考试英语试题
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名为女童子军的组织教授老年人使用智能手机并受到了老年人的欢迎和赞扬。

2 . Most young people are always on their phones, which may upset many people. ___________, a group called Girl Scouts are receiving _________ for setting up their first walk-in clinic for elderly people, who have difficulty understanding how to ___________ the secrets of their smart phones.

Each teen spent at least an hour of one-on-one time with their oldsters. Based on their _________ knowledge, each Girl Scout was assigned to ___________ different aspects of Android and Apple phones.

Some of the oldsters actually wanted to take part in e-commerce (电子商务), and needed help to _________ a payment account on their smart phones while others simply had _________ when learning how to send messages to their family members. "I was teaching this older woman how to _________, and the first thing she did was to send a message to her daughter,” one of the Scouts said. “How ___________ it was! It just made me feel really, really happy.”

In addition to arranging group lessons for all of the seniors to ____________ together at the end of the clinic, the youngsters even printed out brochures and guides for the seniors to take home in case ____________ seniors would encounter problems with their smart phones in the future.

The eighth graders earned their “Silver Award,, for their job. After experiencing the ____________ of their project, the girls hope to organize more ____________ in the near future. “Those girls were just great,” said Nancy, a great-grandmother who once ____________ the clinic. “They were ready for us and had a very mature attitude about answering our questions, and they ______________ the praise.

1.
A.OtherwiseB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Besides
2.
A.serviceB.praiseC.invitationD.donation
3.
A.keepB.untieC.shareD.unlock
4.
A.technologicalB.medicalC.psychologicalD.physical
5.
A.recordB.teachC.recallD.investigate
6.
A.get backB.set upC.check outD.pay off
7.
A.patienceB.luckC.funD.trouble
8.
A.writeB.phoneC.textD.read
9.
A.sweetB.simpleC.rareD.common
10.
A.playB.liveC.talkD.review
11.
A.amazedB.experiencedC.confusedD.respected
12.
A.successB.arrangementC.changeD.pressure
13.
A.performancesB.clinicsC.clubsD.competitions
14.
A.organizedB.managedC.visitedD.funded
15.
A.neededB.refusedC.enjoyedD.deserved
2022-02-27更新 | 1694次组卷 | 19卷引用:山东师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题
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3 . For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.

Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.

To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.

Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.

Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.

Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.

But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.

The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.

1. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A.digest the meal easilyB.manage without breakfast
C.decide wisely what to eatD.eat whatever is offered
2. Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C.They could walk at an average speed.
D.They had slow metabolic rates.
3. What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A.They successfully lost weight.B.They consumed a bit more calories.
C.They burned more fat on average.D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
4. What could be learned from the research?
A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
2020-07-12更新 | 3530次组卷 | 20卷引用:山东省烟台市中英文学校2020-2021学年高三上学期冬学竞赛英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了六岁的孩子Madeline写信给洛杉矶县动物保护与控制部门,希望获得许可养一只独角兽。

4 . A six-year-old longing to keep a unicorn in her backyard figured she’d get the hard part out of the way first.

Last November, Madeline wrote a letter to the Los Angeles County Department of Animal Care and Control with a straightforward request. “Dear LA County, I would like your approval if I can have a unicorn in my backyard if I can find one. Please send me a letter in response.”

Director Mayeda replied two weeks later. The department does in fact license unicorns, she said, under certain conditions. Those include polishing the unicorn’s horn at least once a month with a soft cloth, feeding it watermelon at least once a week, covering it with only nontoxic and biodegradable sparkles and giving it regular access to sunlight, moonbeams and rainbows. And, because unicorns are indeed very rare to find, the department is also giving Madeline a toy unicorn to keep her company during her search, as a token of appreciation.

“It is always rewarding to hear from young people who thoughtfully consider the requirements of providing a loving home for animals,” Mayeda wrote in the letter. “I like your sense of responsible pet ownership to seek permission in advance to keep a unicorn in Los Angeles County.”

Mayeda told the Washington Post that this is the first time the department has received a request for a license for a unicorn or any mythical creature. They were impressed with the first-grader for wanting to ask permission in the first place, and doing her research to work out how to go about that. She and her colleagues deal with a lot of “life-and-death” issues on the job, whether that’s seeing cases of animal abuse or animals hurting people or making decisions about having to put down dangerous or sick animals. So Madeline’s letter has considerably brightened their spirits, and she is due to visit the department this week to discuss her unicorn license application. Safe to say, she’s in for a magical surprise.

1. Why did Madeline write the letter?
A.To apply to visit a unicorn.B.To learn to provide animal care.
C.To ask permission to keep a pet.D.To figure out how to find a unicorn.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A.Her application was disapproved.B.Requirements should be met for the license.
C.She was presented with a live unicorn.D.Guidance was given for her search.
3. Which of the following best describes Mayeda?
A.Imaginative.B.Sensitive.C.Flexible.D.Convincing.
4. Why does the department think the letter “has brightened their spirits”?
A.Because it is the first application letter for a pet.
B.Because animal protection is a life-and-death issue.
C.Because they are worn out with their daily work.
D.Because they are touched with the girl’s deeds.
2023-03-18更新 | 777次组卷 | 4卷引用:2023届山东省青岛市高三第一次适应性检测英语试题
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的儿子阅读了《荒岛机器人》后,被故事内容所打动。于是作者也阅读了这本书,并感悟到悲伤如何能增强快乐时刻的意义以及悲伤也可以让人成长。

5 . Last summer at a bookstore, my son Henry was fascinated by the cover of the first novel from Peter Brown’s middle-grade trilogy (三部曲). He then finished it in just two days. “Dad, why did The Wild Robot have to be so sad?” He tearfully asked me.

The story is set on a remote island, where a robot named Roz learns to survive and communicate with the island’s creatures, and becomes part of the community. For my son, it was the first book he discovered on his own; the first to impact him with the mix of tragedy (悲剧) and joy.

When I finished the book, I knew why Henry loved it. In our book club discussion, he described how Brown’s pictures and words had made the story feel real. When talking about its final scenes, where Roz leaves to find repairs for her injured body, Henry cried again. His previous reading experiences had cheerful, “happily-ever-after” endings, but this book introduced him to the beauty of complex emotions. I tried to explain how sadness can enhance the meaning of happy moments, but failed to fully convince him.

Once our discussion ended, Henry requested to buy The Wild Robot Escapes and instantly fell in love with it. He read the first two books repeatedly, so you can imagine his excitement when we finally got a copy of The Wild Robot Protects.

We both agree it is worth the wait. Roz leaves the island again to stop an underwater threat: “the poison tide.” Brown expertly balances between breathtaking adventure and unsettling ideas- not just happiness and sadness, but also, given the climate-change undercurrents, hope and despair.

And, here’s something special about Roz: her physical clumsiness and confusion about life, conveyed through her expressive eyes and downturned mouth. Her story reflects the challenges of surviving in a strange place, much like a child’s journey. Readers love Roz. They learn from her. Even better, they learn alongside her. Roz gave Henry the power to push through the first book’s sad parts, getting him ready to appreciate that, sometimes, sadness isn’t a bad thing to feel.

1. What drove the author to read The Wild Robot?
A.Its tragic ending.B.Henry’s tearful recommendation.
C.Its attractive cover.D.Henry’s emotional response to it.
2. What is one theme of The Wild Robol Protects?
A.Family and community.B.Concerns of global issues.
C.Exploration of the ocean.D.Man-robot relationship.
3. What makes Roz in the trilogy special?
A.Her childlike expressions.B.Her robotic power.
C.Her struggling experiences.D.Her adventurous spirit.
4. Which message does this text seem to communicate?
A.Misfortune inspires great literary works.B.Robot stories work like magic on children.
C.Book discussions help kids survive tragedies.D.Reading literature facilitates personal growth.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约370词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章以超市里的草莓为例,论述了自己对从事园艺的看法。

6 . Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box, meaning it was probably harvested when it was still unripe. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks. The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.

Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages: they are convenient and still available even in winter months. But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old CD player. The home-grown fruit is an eatable case for making a home garden.

Your columnist, who long considered gardening a complete waste of time, advances this argument with great enthusiasm. Planting cool-weather greens, as gardeners across the north-east of America are now doing, can seem nonsense, since convenient, continuously well-stocked supermarket shelves are available all week. But the same could be said of cooking: there are many cheap and decent restaurants around, so why bother to make your own meals?

That attitude misconstrues the ultimate appeal of gardening: it mistakes the product for the purpose. It is true that a garden can produce tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness, and celtuce and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in. While finding, let’s say, celtuce in the shops can take some time, effort, and expense, growing your own vegetables ensures a reliable supply.

On the other hand, a garden, especially in the early   years, can produce little but frustration. Green hands may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to uncooperative weather.

No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure-as with cooking. Writing or almost anything worthwhile — is in the work itself. To garden is to patiently, lovingly and diligently help life become strong and healthy, in the ground and above it.

1. What can we know about the supermarket strawberries?
A.They look distinct from home-grown ones.B.They give out pleasant and fresh smell.
C.They are picked days before fully grown.D.They are planted typically in winter.
2. What does the underlined word “misconstrues“ mean in paragraph 4?
A.Misinterprets.B.Transforms.C.Mistrusts.D.Highlights.
3. Why does the author mention the failures in gardening?
A.To warn readers not to take up gardening easily.
B.To advise readers to work in harmony with nature.
C.To make readers reflect on the methods of gardening.
D.To help readers have a whole picture of gardening.
4. What is the author’s opinion on gardening?
A.It’s a difficult and time-consuming process.B.Products of gardening make it worthwhile.
C.The time and efforts invested make it a delight.D.It reduces the cost of purchasing vegetables.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约230词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了布鲁克海文学校的学生们呈现了一系列非凡的表演和即将到来的春季演出的计划安排。

7 . Fine Arts Students Deliver Magical Performances

As the winter holidays approach,Brookhaven School students presented an array of extraordinary performances showcasing immense talent within our fine arts community. From the band concert to the choral concerts, each event highlighted the dedication and exceptional gifts of our students.

The December 12 Eagles Band Concert filled Woodruff Auditorium with melodies that captured the festive spirit.On December 14, the Foundations Christmas Choral Concert featured spirited performances by our 7th graders. The finale of seasonal fine arts showcases occurred on December 18 in Brady Theater with the Senior Chior Concert,spotlighting high school singers.

A highly anticipated tradition,the school-wide Holiday Assembly on December 19, hosted by esteemed Fine Arts Department Chair Mr.Kaminer, embodied the true essence of the holiday season. Angelic songs filled Young Gym, followed by joyous laughter and cheers as the “best costume” winners received their awards. Even the youngest War Eagles,the children in the Brookhaven Early Learning Center, attended the celebrations.Following the event, students merrily left school for the holiday break.

Looking toward 2024, anticipation builds for the Brookhaven theater spring productions. “Something Rotten!” promises high-energy comedic performances by theater students, while “Tuck Everlasting” assures a moving portrayal by talented Foundations students. Furthermore,the Brookhaven Dance Company will hold their showcase April 11-12 in Woodruff Auditorium. Tickets will soon be available for purchase.

1. What did the students at Brookhaven School do before the winter holidays?
A.They performed magic tricks.B.They participated in community service.
C.They gave holiday concerts.D.They presented new theatre productions.
2. What can we learn about Holiday Assembly on December 19?
A.It was a large celebration within the school.B.It was an award presentation for best students.
C.It featured various fun music and sports events.D.It was held on the first day of the winter holiday.
3. What is the text?
A.A fine arts brochure.B.A school announcement.
C.A school newsletter.D.A concert advertisement.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约280词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个很棒的度假胜地。

8 . When looking for some vacation ideas to spread out and get some time and space to yourself, check out these great resorts (度假胜地) options.

Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana

Located in Punta Cana, this family-friendly vacation at an all-inclusive resort offers something for everyone in your party. Parents can enjoy relaxing by one of the resort’s swim-up bars in an infinity pool or head out for some deep-sea fishing. Kids, meanwhile, can head over to the kids’ club for a number of activities. Plus, all of the drinks and food across the 14 restaurants and bars is included.

Beaches Turks & Caicos

This resort has become the Caribbean’s popular go-to when it comes to all-inclusive family vacations that provide great value since there’s so much to do for guests of all ages. There’s a 45,000-square-foot water park, 24 restaurants, unlimited PADI-certified scuba diving and water sports, a 12-mile beach, a spa, 10 pools—whew!

The Alisal Guest Ranch

If you live in the city and want to get back to nature, this luxury farm over nearly 11,000 acres in California’s Santa Ynez Valley is a perfect fit for a family. All that wide-open space means activities like horseback riding, scenic cycling, hiking, fishing, kayaking and, for the body-and-spirit-minded traveler in your group, yoga.

Montage Palmetto Bluff

The 20,000-acre community includes a nature preserve with walking trails, but the real stars of the show here are the over 300 species of birds. The resort’s resident naturalist takes families on walks to Bird Island, sharing a history of the area. Plus, kids will love the kayak tours that get up close to the dolphins that live there year-round.

1. Which attracts those interested in horseback-riding?
A.Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana.B.Beaches Turks & Caicos.
C.Montage Palmetto Bluff.D.The Alisal Guest Ranch.
2. What do the four attractions share?
A.They promise good food services.B.They include various kids’ clubs.
C.They provide parent-child activities.D.They have large historic buildings.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A.To organize some family parties.B.To highlight some tourist resorts.
C.To introduce some nature reserves.D.To stimulate some domestic needs.
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9 . Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.

It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.

With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.

Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.

As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.

Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.

1. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?
A.She argued with him.B.She tried to find a way out.
C.She paid no attention.D.She chose to consult dentists.
2. What is special about CanCandy?
A.It is beneficial to dental health.B.It is free of sweeteners.
C.It is sweeter than other candies.D.It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
3. What does Moore expect from her business?
A.To earn more money.B.To help others find smiles.
C.To make herself stand out.D.To beat other candy companies.
4. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C.Positive thinking and action result in success.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied
2019-06-10更新 | 4771次组卷 | 59卷引用:山东省威海乳山市银滩高级中学2022-2023学年高三9月月考英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:这是一篇应用文,文章主要介绍了吉隆坡的四家各具特色的餐馆。

10 . Where to Eat in Kuala Lumpur

Great restaurants in Kuala Lumpur offer a genuine global dining experience. Whether you are looking to enjoy hearty comfort food or some local delicacies, the city’s dining scene satisfies all comers.

Mum’s Place

Nothing brings more comfort than mom’s cooking. With recipes inspired by the owners’ mother, this restaurant brings you Nyonya dishes that are truly Malaysian. Located in the district of Damansara Perdana, Mum’s Place is a neighbourhood restaurant with its main customers from residents nearby. Some of the best dishes include cencaru fish, devil curry chicken and beef rendang.

Cantaloupe

Located about 20 minutes from downtown Malacca, it is a home-based eatery with about 10 tables manned by four operators. Unlike most restaurants, food is self-service here, with dishes placed on catering pans for customers to choose from. It serves traditional Malaysian dishes with distinct Chinese influences. You will find rice dumplings and chicken rendang among the offerings. It has two branches in the city. Their dishes sell out fast, so it’d be best to head there before lunch time.

YumYum Restaurant

Situated in the beautiful Shangri-La Hotel, Yum Yum Restaurant is among the locals’ many favourite spots to dine at. It offers an interesting Nyonya and Thai food with Chinese influences that make them stand out. The classic dishes include sambal petai prawns, assam fish head and Yum Yum egg. It can get crowded here, so it’d be best to head there early or call ahead for reservations.

Troika Sky Dining

Offering fine dining, the impressive Troika Sky Dining undoubtedly stands out from the pack. Set on the 23rd floor of Tower B of The Troika, it goes without saying that the cloud-skimming views here are something else entirely. The food is what helped it stand out. It serves award-winning French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish food and adventurous menu of high-end pizzas and pasta.

1. What do Mum’s Place and Yum Yum Restaurant have in common?
A.They are based in hotels.B.They serve Nyonya dishes.
C.They need prior reservations.D.They offer breathtaking views.
2. Which restaurant serves western food?
A.Mum’s Place.B.Cantaloupe.
C.Yum Yum Restaurant.D.Troika Sky Dining.
3. What’s special about Cantaloupe?
A.It is a buffet restaurant.B.It serves hard-to-find dishes.
C.It has branches throughout Asia.D.It opens for lunch earlier than others.
共计 平均难度:一般