5 . Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for Science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.

In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石) in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.

When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth.She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.

In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland.She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 along with another scientist.Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Noble Prize in 1911, this time for Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.

1. The author believes that women scientists________.

A．have more opportunities to become successful

B．can not get the highest honors in the world

C．go through difficulties to be successful

D．had better pay more attention to their families

2. Mary Anning was one of the first women to ________.

A．win the Noble Prize for Science after getting married

B．make achievements in the study of ancient earth

C．research animals and their bones

D．study the mystery of all kinds of plants

3. What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska?

A．She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.

B．She received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 on her own.

C．She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.

D．She made many discoveries after she got married.

4. What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Ancient discoveries.	B．Women scientists.
C．Successful marriages.	D．Different prizes.

6 . A couple had a son eleven years after they married. They were a loving couple and the boy was the apple of their eye. When the boy was around four years old, one day the father was very tired after work so he asked his wife to pick up their son. The mother, who was very busy in the kitchen, totally forgot about it.

Later the boy lost his way on the street. When the son was found missing, the mother hurried to look for him, but she didn’t find him. The mother felt very sad and didn’t know how to face her husband.

When the father went to the police station after hearing that the son was missing, he looked at his wife and said just four words. What do you think the four words were? The husband just said "I love you, darling."

The son was missing. If he had picked him up earlier, this would not have happened. There is no point in blaming (责备) anyone. His wife had also lost her only child. What his wife needed at that moment was comfort and understanding from her husband. That is what the husband gave his wife. Several weeks later, with the help of the police, the couple finally found their lost son. The family’s relationship became stronger over that time.

Sometimes we spend lots of time asking who is to blame. We miss many chances to give each other support and let each other feel the warmth of human relationships. Get rid of all your unwillingness to forgive, selfishness, and fears and you will find the world is much more wonderful.

1. The underlined part means a person who __________.

A．always has a sweet smile	B．is as pretty as an apple
C．is loved more than anyone else	D．looks like an apple

2. The father didn’t pick the boy up because he________.

A．was very lazy	B．thought the mother had done that
C．forgot to do so	D．was too tired to do so

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Be careful in everything you do.	B．Love is the most important.
C．Learn to forgive others	D．Everyone can make mistakes.

4. What do you think of the husband?

A．Warm-hearted.	B．Careful.
C．Hard-working	D．Broad-minded.

7 . An infectious disease is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a host by pathogens（病原体）whose activities harm the host’s tissues and can be spread to other individuals.

Microorganisms（微生物）capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is an infectious agent that causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection” and “disease” are quite different. In order to cause disease, pathogens must be able to enter the host body, stick to specific host cells, invade and multiply and do damage to host tissues.

Pathogens may be spread through either direct or indirect contact. Direct contact occurs when an individual is infected by contact with the infection source. It also includes taking in the infectious droplets released by sneezing or coughing. Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can survive the environment outside its host for a long period of time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection source may be the indirect contact for easily infected group.

Public health measures typically involve killing the pathogen from its source or from its route of spread. Those measures include ensuring a safe water supply, effectively treating waste water, and initiating animal control and vaccination（疫苗）programs, etc. Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogen at bay by following good personal hygiene（卫生）habits. Prevent infection before it begins and avoid spreading it to others with some easy measures, such as washing hands, getting vaccinated and so on.

Man never stops fighting against all kinds of infectious diseases. But in the past two decades at least a dozen “new” disease have been identified, and traditional diseases that appeared to be “on their way out” are re-emerging. Globally, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death. Clearly, the ballet has not been won. Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take more responsibility for our own health.

1. What’s the main idea of paragraph2?

A．Origin of true pathogens.

B．Strategies for avoiding tissue damage.

C．Nature of infectious diseases.

D．Differences between infection and disease.

2. What is likely to cause disease spread through indirect contact?

A．Breathing in tiny drops from coughing

B．Embracing an infected person.

C．Getting bitten by an infected cat.

D．Using umbrella a sick man used.

3. What does the underlined phrase “at bay” in paragragh 4 mean?

A．At risk.

B．Stay away.

C．Under control.

D．Within reach.

4. What can we infer about the last paragraph?

A．Science plays an important in defeating infectious diseases.

B．Man is at a loss about infectious diseases.

C．Traditional infectious diseases are dying out.

D．The battle against infectious diseases is in vain.

8 . Road traffic crashes kill 1.25 million people each year worldwide. The statistics are part of the   “Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015”. The report surveyed 180 countries, and it shows the number of annual deaths from traffic crashes is stabilizing（稳定）.And that is good news as the number of motor vehicles grow worldwide. But the data also show that road crashes are the NO.1cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29. Young adults around the world are the worst driving risks. Even in the U.S..drivers aged 15 to 24. account for about 30 percent of all driving-elated accidents .But the World Health Organization(WHO) says they are preventable.

The WHO report also finds a big gap in road safety and deaths between poor and rich countries Poor countries have only 54 percent of the world’s vehicles. But those countries have some of the worst safety statistics in the report. “Africa has only two percent of the world’s vehicles, but has the highest death rate on the road,” says Etienne Krug. The head of the WHO Department of Non-communicable Diseases. Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom are leaders in preventing traffic deaths.

Stronger road safety laws and stricter vehicle safety requirements in developing countries would prevent many accidents .Laws can quickly influence driving behavior. In only three years. 17 countries became safer by putting tougher road safety laws into effect. Some of those laws include banning drunk driving ,requiring cyclists and motorcycle drivers to wear helmets and making safety belts mandatory（强制性的）in all vehicles. Good injury care after a crash can cut the number of deaths from road injuries in half. Of course, there are also many other ways to make roads safer.

1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A．Motor vehicles	B．The statistics
C．Traffic crashes	D．Young drivers

2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A．People in developed countries are very skilled at driving.

B．Africa has to take some measures to prevent traffic deaths.

C．The Netherlands has done the best in avoiding traffic accidents.

D．Poor countries need to buy fewer cars to reduce traffic accidents.

3. What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the text?

A．Suggestions on good injury care.

B．More ways to make roads safer.

C．The number of deaths from accidents.

D．Other road safety laws in poor countries.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The danger of driving alone.

B．The ways to avoid road accidents.

C．The No.1 killer among the youth.

D．The importance of helmets in driving cars.

9 . I went to a small and poor elementary school. I remember the first time a computer showed up in class. It was 5th grade and the computer was an Apple. It was the only computer in my school. This was the 80s and it was a $2600 machine.

Before I discovered computers, I took typing class on old typewriters and I was the kid in class that repaired the typewriters. I remember spending hours trying to figure out what each typewriter needed to fix a stuck key. I was also the Audio/Visual geek （狂热的人）. This meant I was the only one in the class who can thread （穿过）film onto the projector.

Anyway, when this Apple showed up, I immediately opened it. I had to see what was inside. This totally freaked out the teacher but it seemed clear I wasn't going to break it. I quickly learned how to get out of educational games and write things in BASIC. This was all in 5th grade.

I and my 5th grade teacher stayed in touch until her passing. I honestly don't know what I'd be doing if she hadn't done something extraordinary. She let my father and me took the Apple home. I'd spend the weekend programming, reading the massive notebooks. This was a $ 2000+computer in the middle of the 80s — the pride of the school —and they let me take it home. A year later, I came home from school one day and the family car was gone and there was a Commodore 64 left in its place. My parents had sold the car and bought a Commodore.

Now, I think about this crazy journey. I am standing on the shoulders not only of computer science giants, but also heroes like my parents and my 5th grade teacher. Thanks Mrs. Hill, for introducing me to computers even though you were breaking rules. Thanks, Mom and Dad, for bringing a computer home even when there wasn't money for one.

1. What can we learn about the author from paragraph 2?

A．He was a hard-working student.

B．His family was too poor to buy him a computer.

C．He had already had some skills to operate a computer.

D．He was one of the clever ones who could handle a computer.

2. What does the underlined phrase "freaked out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Frightened.

B．Interested.

C．Amused.

D．Annoyed.

3. What was the author's feeling when writing this article?

A．Thoughtful.

B．Grateful.

C．Relaxed.

D．Anxious.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Why We Need Computers	B．How I Learned to Use a Computer
C．How I Got My First Computer	D．Thanks For Giving Me a Computer

10 . In Germany, it’s not a necessity to wear school uniform at school. But why did a few schoolmates and I spend two days _________ around the school in uniform? In fact, a rather special event took place then: our MUN (Model United Nations) Conference.

It is a conference _________ for students from all German schools who want to see how the United Nations really works. They get an opportunity to _________ a country and debate with other students from different _________ on real problems the world is facing now. The aim is to write a _________ at the end, which will help deal with them.

The _________ of our conference was “Cross Borders: Discover Peace”, which _________ that the students would _________ breaking down not only physical national boundaries, but also those _________ different nationalities. Of course, this included how to help others who are forced to flee their homeland, for the people ____________ all students.

Not only was the conference a ____________ of thinking about difficult global problems, but also everyone had to speak in English while using correct debating language too. ____________ job! But of course this was a brilliant ____________ for everyone there.

I’d really ____________ joining in a conference if you get the chance, and sharing your ____________. It’s the best way to meet new people and to think about how to make the world a better place.

1.

A．talking

B．thinking

C．wandering

D．debating

2.

A．intended

B．provided

C．celebrated

D．known

3.

A．visit

B．manage

C．defend

D．represent

4.

A．ages

B．schools

C．classes

D．countries

5.

A．summary

B．report

C．passage

D．settlement

6.

A．theme

B．purpose

C．plan

D．course

7.

A．informs

B．responds

C．guarantees

D．means

8.

A．give up

B．focus on

C．bring up

D．break into

9.

A．beside

B．beyond

C．between

D．behind

10.

A．changed

B．attracted

C．concerned

D．bothered

11.

A．possibility

B．challenge

C．conversation

D．chance

12.

A．Tricky

B．Discouraging

C．Interesting

D．Useful

13.

A．show

B．result

C．practice

D．example

14.

A．avoid

B．consider

C．imagine

D．recommend

15.

A．ideas

B．troubles

C．sufferings

D．feelings