1 . The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was invented by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. It is a self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. The MBTI personality inventory (量表) sorts people into 16 type categories, each of which is represented by four-letter codes such as INFP and ESTJ. Every year, about 1.5 million people have enjoyed discovering their personality type by completing the MBTI. Many companies, as well as hundreds of universities, use it in hiring and training.
Nevertheless, the MBTI has received a noticeable criticism from the academic community. Some research suggests the MBTI is unreliable because the same person can get different results when retaking the test. Other studies have questioned the validity of the MBTI, which is the ability of the test to accurately link the “types” to outcomes in the real world -for example, how well people classified as a certain type will perform in a given job.
Merve Emre, a professor a Oxford University, points out that it would be more scientifically advisable to score the MBTI scales continuously to show people the degree to which they resemble the types. Even when the MBTI’s results don’t quite match your intuition (直觉) about yourself or are just wrong, they can still provide self-insight and insight into differences and similarities between people.
Scoring and interpreting the MBTI the way other personality inventories are scored and interpreted might be less fun than finding. All of the folklore (民间看法) about INFPs, ESTJs, etc. would have to be dismissed. But, in the end the MBTI is sufficiently reliable and valid enough to be useful in a number of real-world contexts.
1. What do we know about the MBTI from the first paragraph?A.It is a personality-testing tool. | B.It is divided into 16 categories. |
C.It is a study of personal preference. | D.It is a questionnaire on four-letter codes. |
A.It performs badly in job interviews | B.Its reliability has been questioned. |
C.It requires people to retake the test | D.Its advantages are not fully shown. |
A.It is beyond criticism. | B.It is a more scientific test. |
C.It is less fun than other tests. | D.It is useful for self-exploration. |
A.How Can We Use the MBTI? | B.Why do We Criticise the MBTI? |
C.Is the MBTI Totally Meaningless? | D.Is Scoring the MBTI Really Necessary? |
2 . The discovery of the ruined palace in the Mosul Dam reservoir on the banks of the Tigris River inspired an archeological dig that would improve understanding of the Mittani Empire, one of the least-researched empires of the ancient Near East, a team of German researchers said. “The find is one of the most important archeological discoveries in the region in recent decades,” Kurdish archeologist(考古学家) Hasan Qasim said.
The palace would have originally stood just 65 feet from the river on a terrace(梯田). A terrace wall of mud bricks was later added to make the building stable. Ivana Puljiz, an archeologist from the University of Tübingen’s Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies, describes the palace, known as Kemune, as a carefully designed building with mud-brick walls up to 2 meters (6.6 feet) thick.
The team also found wall paintings in shades of red and blue, which were probably a common feature of palaces at the time but have rarely been found preserved. “Discovering wall paintings in Kemune is an archeological sensation,” Puljiz said in a press release, “Kemune is only the second site in the region where wall paintings of the Mittani period have been discovered.”
Ten clay tablets covered in cuneiform, an ancient system of writing, were also discovered and have been sent to Germany for translation. “From the texts we hope to gain information on the inner structure of the Mitani Empire, its economic organization, and the relationship of the Mittani capital with the administrative centers in the neighboring regions,” Puljiz added.
Archeologists first became aware of the site in 2010 when water levels in the reservoir were low, but this is the first time they have been able to dig. However, the site was submerged(淹没) shortly after the dig, Puljiz said, adding“It is unclear when it will come out of water again”.
1. The function of the archeological dig is to ________.A.attract people to travel to the Tigris River |
B.help people know the Mittani Empire better |
C.show ways of rebuilding the Mosul Dam reservoir |
D.provide some clues about research on the Near East |
A.To make the palace firmly built. | B.To offer tourists a place for rest. |
C.To give tourists a good view. | D.To make the building better designed |
A.Kemune is different from any other palace. |
B.Wall paintings were an important discovery. |
C.Kemune is famous for its special wall paintings |
D.Wall paintings were first discovered in the Mittani Empire. |
A.Translating the cuneiform into English | B.Knowing relationships between regions. |
C.Waiting for the water level to drop. | D.Understanding the structure of the empire. |
3 . Are you relatively skinny but growing a “beer belly”?
Then don’t be surprised at your next checkup if the nurse measures your waistline to determine your healthy weight. That’s because research is showing that a protruding (鼓出的) belly may be a sign of VAT — a dangerous form of fat around organs deep inside your body. “Studies confirm that visceral (内脏的) fat is a clear health risk,” said Dr. Tiffany Wiley, a senior expert at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Unlike the fat just under your skin, visceral fat raises your risk for heart disease. Experts think that’s because visceral fat raises blood pressure and inflames (使发炎) tissues and organs.
However, you can’t assume you’re safe from visceral fat if your overall weight is healthy, experts stress. That’s because you can have dangerous visceral fat even if you’re not considered overweight — and not have any visceral fat even if you are overweight.
How do you know if your stomach is protruding into dangerous size? Do a check. Non-pregnant women with a waist size greater than 88 cm and men with a waist larger than 102 cm, are at higher risk according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If you’re Asian, it drops to 80 cm for women and 90 cm for men. But it is only a rough measure. “The only sure way to know is to check your visceral fat levels on a CT scan or MRI,” say experts.
According to the AHA committee, the most salutary physical activity to “shrink” belly is aerobic exercise. Aerobic means “with oxygen”, so aerobic exercise increases your breathing rate and promotes the circulation of oxygen through the blood. This type of exercise makes the heart work more effectively and improves its ability to move oxygen-carrying blood with every beat. Speed walking, jogging, stair climbing, cycling and swimming are all examples of aerobic exercise.
“However, more studies are needed to determine the best physical activity, food and other lifestyle changes to reduce heart disease risk,” Dr. Tiffany Wiley added.
1. What would a “beer belly” cause?A.Enlarged organs inside the body. | B.Higher risk of heart disease. |
C.Raised mental pressure. | D.Inflamed stomach. |
A.A white man with a waist size of 120 cm. |
B.A white woman with a waist size of 90 cm. |
C.An Asian man with a waist size of 102 cm. |
D.An Asian woman with a waist size of 75 cm. |
A.Beneficial. | B.Difficult. | C.Enthusiastic. | D.Useless. |
A.Doing aerobic exercise can remove visceral fat completely. |
B.Heart ability improves when one does speed walking. |
C.Further studies are needed to reduce heart disease risk. |
D.Food and life style determine one’s body shape. |
4 . I live in a town near Prague(布拉格), the capital of the Czech Republic. Besides cars, bikes are the most important
Some people
One sunny Sunday afternoon, I took my first cycling trip to a village nearby. I cycled for a while, alongside a river. But then, something happened: One of my tires
I didn’t give up though: One week later, I
It was already sunset when I
I believe many of us need a(n)
A.duty | B.notice | C.idea | D.means |
A.asks | B.tells | C.orders | D.allows |
A.hobby | B.surprise | C.deal | D.break |
A.wandering | B.flying | C.passing | D.jumping |
A.forget | B.think | C.regret | D.remember |
A.However | B.Besides | C.Therefore | D.Otherwise |
A.different | B.difficult | C.interesting | D.important |
A.frequently | B.recently | C.usually | D.rarely |
A.Even though | B.Now that | C.In case | D.As long as |
A.frightened | B.puzzled | C.worried | D.excited |
A.turned up | B.stayed up | C.went up | D.blew up |
A.arrange | B.support | C.walk | D.repair |
A.showed up | B.set off | C.watched out | D.called up |
A.nothing | B.something | C.everything | D.anything |
A.unpopular | B.strange | C.traditional | D.expensive |
A.hesitated | B.tried | C.decided | D.refused |
A.proud | B.peaceful | C.nervous | D.confident |
A.spirit | B.opportunity | C.ability | D.result |
A.poor | B.rich | C.free | D.busy |
A.study | B.surround | C.discover | D.create |
5 . A new technology project in southern Greece is helping visitors experience the ancient birthplace of the Olympic Games.
The project used Augmented Reality (AR) to recreate temples and competition areas in the ancient city of Olympia. It was recently launched in the city, one of the world’s major archaeological sites. Augmented Reality is a technology that can project computer-created imagery onto special eyeglasses. Through the eyeglasses, the images appear along with other physical objects in the environment.
The project is a partnership between American software maker Microsoft and Greece’s Ministry of Culture and Sport. The ministry helped Microsoft map and build virtual representations of Olympia. The city was used for nearly a thousand years to host the games in ancient Greece that served as the model for the modern Olympics. The experience provides users the chance to virtually walk through the ruins of Olympia. At the Olympic Museum in Athens, people can also use Microsoft’s AR headsets for a similar experience.
Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis joined a group of schoolchildren who were using the app for the first time. “I’m absolutely thrilled that we’re able to present to the world a completely new cultural experience utilizing technology to recreate the ancient world of Olympia, ” Mitsotakis told the media.
Students from a local middle school looked at statues and structures that were brought to life on their phones. One of the children, Panagiotis Christopoulos, called the project “impressive”. “I think it can help with teaching in schools, ” the student said. They were able to virtually visit inside and outside settings to explore where ancient Olympians had competed in different sports.
The project began 18 months ago with a series of imaging flights to help map areas across Olympia. Microsoft is to build several data centers in and near Athens as part of a $ 1 billion investment agreement with the Greek government.
1. What can users do with the eyeglasses?A.Move physical objects. |
B.Take photos of the ruins of Olympia. |
C.Take part in the virtual Olympic Games. |
D.Be on a virtual visit to the ruins of Olympia. |
A.Using. | B.Determining. |
C.Replacing | D.Recycling |
A.Develop advanced operating systems. |
B.Help the Greek government plan the city. |
C.Make an agreement with other companies. |
D.Spend lots of money establishing data centers. |
A.Greece Will Open a New Olympic Museum |
B.Digital Project Brings Olympics Birthplace to Life |
C.The AR Glasses Helps You See More about the World |
D.The Olympic Museum in Athens Will Create a Virtual Map |
6 . Kids and science seem to be made for each other!
The basic science is a combination of thought and experiment called the scientific method. It’s where you start with an idea, create a way to prove or disprove your idea, and show what you learned based on facts. Learning to follow this process helps you think logically and carefully. These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study. To give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins to a developing mind.
One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning. Learning science is a great way to do so. Children are easy to be interested in science. Because much of science is hands-on, it attracts most children. Nothing makes a child sit up and take notice like the “WOW!” of a great science showing.
Science opens doors to many subjects at school. Building love for science can be helpful in other areas of study. For example, one cannot love science for very long without becoming good at its language-math! So science encourages children to study math. An interest in science is an interest in how things were once understood compared to how they are understood now. Thus studying science lends itself easily to studying history. And after you do an experiment, you need to write a lab report. Therefore, writing becomes an important part of science.
Science is the basic thing for much of our life. The science of farming shows how our food is produced; biomedical science keeps us healthy; even our beds these days are designed according to scientific facts. We almost eat, sleep and breathe with the help of science! When we prepare the next generation of voters, creators and policy makers, it is important to make sure they are not only comfortable but also good at science.
1. According to Paragraph 2, what does learning the scientific method mean to kids?A.Learning to do experiments. | B.Learning many areas of study. |
C.Helping them develop thinking skills. | D.Refusing any ideas that are not logical. |
A.Science is too difficult for children. | B.Children usually consider science boring. |
C.Science can arouse children's interest in learning. | D.Children who are careless shouldn't learn science. |
A.He usually has no time for other subjects. | B.He usually loses interest in other activities. |
C.He is usually bad at such subjects like history. | D.He is likely to learn many other subjects well. |
A.Why Kids Should Learn Science | B.Why Science Is Important |
C.How Kids Can Make Use of Science | D.What Kids Should Learn at School |
7 . You can either travel or read, but either your body or your soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Here are four books that you can take on your trip.
1. On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac
The book is a popular spiritual guidebook about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life.
2. Life Is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera
Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." The book describes a young artist's romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams and has a relationship during his trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflects on your current life and to honor the Czech-born writer Kundera.
3. My Name Is Red, 1998, by Orhan Pamuk
The book, a masterpiece of the Nobel Prize winner for Literature Orhan Pamuk, has been translated into more than 50 languages and published around the world. It tells a story of a young man, who was away from home for 12 years, coming back to his hometown in Istanbul. What embraces him is not only love, but a series of murder cases as well.
4. The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry, 2013, by Rachel Joyce
The novel tells a story of a 60-year-old man who lived a boring and unhappy life, until one day, he received his old friend's letter who got cancer. In deep shock and sorrow, he went out to send his reply letter. 627 miles in 87 days, he walked depending on one belief that “his friend can survive as long as he walks”.
1. Whose book can make you rethink your own life?A.Jack Kerouac. | B.Milan Kundera. | C.Orhan Pamuk. | D.Rachel Joyce. |
A.On the Road. | B.Life Is Elsewhere. |
C.My Name Is Red. | D.The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry. |
A.He walked to keep healthy. | B.He was in deep shock and sorrow. |
C.He expected his friend to live longer. | D.He lived a very boring and unhappy life. |
8 . In my mind, the effect that experience had on me lasted forever. I was determined to learn swimming at the age of ten. There was a pool, at the K. P.L.B., offering the opportunity. My mother constantly warned against it, and bore fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the K. P.L.B. pool was safe.
My fear of water started from childhood. It began when I was four years old and father took me to the beach. There the huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.
The K. P.L.B. pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, "Hi, Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked?" With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing bur water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly.
When I came to consciousness, I found myself on the bed in the hospital.
I never went back to the pool. I avoided water whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, I practiced hard and finally he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would return.
This went on till July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?"
I had conquered my fear of water.
1. Why was the author frightened of water originally?A.His skill in swimming was very poor. |
B.An experience of an outing to the beach affected him. |
C.He had an unpleasant memory of the pool at the age of four |
D.His mother warmed him about the danger of being drowned |
A.The experience made him aware that the pool was safe |
B.While he had no skill in swimming, he struggled to go upwards. |
C.When he was thrown into water, he knew someone would save him. |
D.The big boy eagerly wanted to help him to conquer the fear of water. |
A.Diligent and cautious. | B.Determined and far-sighted. |
C.Dependable and adaptable. | D.Demanding and courageous. |
A.A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. | B.Do one thing at a time, and do well. |
C.Deed divides beings into lower and higher ones. | D.Success always comes from daring to challenge. |
9 . It's believed that after a poor night's sleep, a strong coffee is the kick-start that many people need in the morning, but a new research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first.
A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control a risk factor for diabetes (糖尿病)and heart disease.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee—subjectively the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee,” said Professor James Betts, at the University of Bath in the UK.
For their study, researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments, with at least a week between them.
In one, the participants had a normal night's sleep, roughly from 11 p. m. to 7 a. m. , and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning. They then experienced an interrupted night's sleep, where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond—and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.
On another night, participants experienced the same sleep interruption, but this time, were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素)responses when compared to the normal night's sleep—although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%—suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body's ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.
1. What does the underlined word "kick-start" in paragraph 1 refer to?A.A kind of drink. | B.A kind of habit. | C.A kind of power. | D.A kind of medicine. |
A.If we feel tired,we should choose stronger coffee |
B.Drinking coffee first may cause some serious diseases. |
C.It shows that having breakfast first can refresh sleepy people |
D.Half of people are hard to kick the habit of drinking strong coffee. |
A.A cup of strong black coffee. | B.A normal night's sleep. |
C.An interrupted night's sleep. | D.A normal sugary drink. |
A.By listing some examples. | B.By observing the process. |
C.By explaining a phenomenon. | D.By comparing the results. |
10 . Yosemite National Park
Yosemite is all about restoration this year. This month the park's main corridor is being repaired. The park's gallery reopened to the public in April after remodeling to allow full accessibility for the disabled. Even John Muir, known as the father of the national parks, is being revived (使复活) by the actor Lee Stetson, who will answer audience questions about the park and its history at the Yosemite Theater.
Petrified Forest National Park
Petrified Forest National Park is now mapping self-guided hikes to its more remote destinations, in part to remind visitors that the parks are theirs to wander. In August, a new field institute will begin offering classes led by geologists, photographers and other experts. And next year, look for electric vehicle charging stations to appear at the north and south entrances of the park.
Acadia National Park
Acadia National Park is to begin managing a new campground on Maine's Schoodic Peninsula this fall. The site will offer almost 100 R. V. and tent sites, as well as new hiking and biking trails connecting to Gouldsboro Village and existing park trails leading to the peninsula's tip.
Wetherill Mesa
Wetherill Mesa will have an extended season this year (through mid-October), giving cyclists much time to enjoy new access to the park's six-mile Long House Loop, a paved path formerly used for tram service, and the backcountry routes on the park's most popular hike. Naturally, plans are in the works to open an on-site bike rental operation within the year.
1. What do we know about Yosemite National Park?A.Its gallery is accessible to the disabled. | B.It will be closed for repairs all the year. |
C.Lee Stetson is well-known as its founder. | D.It will offer almost 100 R. V. and tent sites. |
A.Wetherill Mesa. | B.Acadia National Park. |
C.Yosemite National Park. | D.Petrified Forest National Park. |
A.To appeal to people to preserve the national parks. | B.To share his own discoveries at the national parks. |
C.To introduce something new at the national parks. | D.To describe the natural scenery of the national parks. |