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文章大意:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过教练给自己的意见,明白了不需要太在乎他人怎么做,做好自己就行。

1 . The most important life lesson I’ve learned from running is to run at my own pace. This lesson has guided me in many ways. _________, it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.

Running is a metaphor for life. I realized this while _________ for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday. All the other runners being faster than me made me _________. But my coach shared some valuable advice: run at your own best pace. Setting a goal or target time could be a _________. He was right. _________, I ran more easily and faster. I also enjoyed the experience much more.

I have _________ this principle to other areas of my life. Finding a rhythm is not about _________ or how many things I can get done in a day. It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.

Running carries its own set of expectations, including what it meant to be a strong runner. But expectations also _________ to other areas of life, including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing. Expectations at my age can _________ how leisure time is spent, decisions about employment and even the role of a ____________.

I used to think it was young people who bore the brunt (冲击) of ____________, but older adults can experience it too. This is ____________, because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.

That is the message my running coach was trying to convey. ____________ what others are doing.

Their pace is not ____________ the pace you should run at. Run in your own way. It’s not better or worse -only ____________.

1.
A.In turnB.In particularC.In advanceD.In depth
2.
A.trainingB.strugglingC.competingD.searching
3.
A.pitifulB.gratefulC.impressedD.embarrassed
4.
A.resolutionB.practiceC.limitationD.motivation
5.
A.Against timeB.Ahead of timeC.Of all timeD.Over time
6.
A.exposedB.comparedC.appliedD.suggested
7.
A.musicB.businessC.requirementD.efficiency
8.
A.subscribeB.extendC.contributeD.refer
9.
A.center onB.hope forC.decide onD.call for
10.
A.bossB.grandparentC.athleteD.citizen
11.
A.peer pressureB.separation anxietyC.sleeping disorderD.age discrimination
12.
A.naturalB.unacceptableC.ironicD.significant
13.
A.MindB.ExpectC.ForgetD.Abandon
14.
A.basicallyB.graduallyC.alternativelyD.necessarily
15.
A.differentB.amazingC.commonD.fair
阅读理解-阅读单选(约470词) | 较难(0.4) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提高情商的方法:了解自我认知与声誉之间的区别,明确目标,确定改变具体的行动。

2 . As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.

The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting teed back from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.

To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments.

Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others say you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.

That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (抱负). Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period at time as you do the work or strengthening your emotional intelligence.

1. What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.EI can be better improved with others’ help.
B.Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI.
C.EI plays a key role in professional development.
D.Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”?
A.You help your siblings make a key decision.
B.Your career development speeds up with others’ help.
C.You reflected yourself and made a New Year resolution.
D.Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study.
3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.To improve your EI, following your inner call is the most reliable.
B.It’s bard for others to know your EI because it hides deep inside.
C.To improve your EI, you should take your goals into consideration.
D.Acquiring a new skill is more significant than improving your EI.
4. Which of the following might the author agree with?
A.Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI.
B.Effective EI development is determined by different factors.
C.The importance of performance assessment is underestimated.
D.EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI is.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约370词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于仿生蘑菇产电的研究。

3 . Some bacteria(细菌)have a superpower that scientists would love to use. These bacteria gain energy from light, just as plants do.Scientists have wanted to use cyanobacteria(蓝藻菌)to make electricity. But in previous research, they didn’t survive long on artificial surfaces. Researchers have now moved them to a living surface — a mushroom. Their creation is the first mushroom to make electricity.

Applied Physicist Simon Jackson and his team turned that mushroom into a mini energy farm. This bionic(生物电子的)mushroom combines 3D printing, conductive ink and bacteria to generate electricity. Its design could lead to new ways of combining nature with electronics.

Like plants, cyanobacteria make their own food from sunlight, releasing electrons(电子). When enough electrons build up in one place, they can create an electric current.

The researchers needed to bring a lot of these bacteria together. They decided to use 3D printing to place them precisely onto a surface.Jackson’s team chose mushrooms for that surface. After all, they realized, mushrooms naturally host communities of bacteria and other microbes. Finding test subjects for their tests was easy. Jackson simply went to the grocery store and picked up white button mushrooms.

Printing on those mushrooms, though, turned out to be a real challenge. 3D printers have been designed to print on flat surfaces, but mushroom caps are curved. The researchers spent months writing computer code to solve the problem. Eventually, they came up with a program to 3D print their ink onto the curved mushroom tops.

The researchers printed two“inks”onto their mushrooms. One was a green ink made of cyanobacteria. They used this to make a spiral pattern on the cap. They also used a black ink made of graphene, which is great at conducting electricity. They printed this ink in a branching pattern across the mushroom top.

Then it was time to shine.

“Cyanobacteria are the real heroes here,”says Jackson. When his team shone light on the mushrooms, the bacteria gave out electrons. Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current.

1. What was the problem in previous research?
A.Cyanobacteria didn’t produce electrons.
B.Cyanobacteria couldn’t get enough light.
C.The researchers chose the wrong bacteria.
D.No suitable home was made for cyanobacteria.
2. Why were mushrooms finally chosen as test subjects?
A.They are convenient to find.
B.They can produce electric currents.
C.They are where bacteria can naturally grow.
D.They can be easily combined with 3D printing.
3. What is the major function of the black ink in this test?
A.To feed bacteria.
B.To deliver electrons.
C.To produce electricity.
D.To reshape mushroom tops.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.Who are the real heroes?
B.New application of 3D printing
C.Nature combined with electrons
D.Bionic mushroom makes electricity
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能领域面临的一项新挑战——AI“越狱”。

4 . Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems.

Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules.

Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”.

Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently.

There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade.

Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says.

1. What does the AI jailbreak refer to?
A.The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B.The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C.The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D.The process of AI models learning new information.
2. What can we know about the persona modulation?
A.It can help AI models understand emotions.
B.It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C.It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D.It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
3. What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude towards LLMs?
A.Unclear.B.Cautious.C.Approving.D.Negative.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.LLMs: Illegal Learning ModelsB.LLMs: The Latest Advancement
C.AI Jailbreaks: A New ChallengeD.AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach
2024-01-25更新 | 555次组卷 | 11卷引用:2024届陕西省西安市临潼区高三第二次模拟考试英语试题
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文章大意:本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。

5 . For children, space is magical — a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system.

Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington

This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up.

Space by Libby Jackson

This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration.

Chasing Space by Leland Melvin

This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs.

System and Beyond by David A. Aguilar

The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

1. What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common?
A.They include less-known astronauts.B.They tell about scientists’ childhood.
C.They cover women exploring space.D.They are suitable for children of all ages.
2. Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments?
A.Stasia Burrington’s.B.Libby Jackson’s.
C.Leland Melvin’s.D.David A. Aguilar’s.
3. What is unique to System and Beyond?
A.It has beautiful pictures.B.It tells about space artists.
C.It has won many grand awards.D.It was written by an astronomer.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约390词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。“斜杠青年”指的是那些拒绝被一个个人身份定义或约束,选择从事多种职业的人。文章主要介绍了中国的年轻人所追求的“斜杠生活”。

6 . The topic “slash youth”,   referring to those refusing to be defined or bound by just one personal identity and choosing to undertake multiple careers, has fueled heated debate on social media. On Douban, a Chinese social networking platform, the topic has attracted about 11,000posts and has been viewed over 400 million times. China’s young people are keen to share their slash youth stories online, presenting themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities, such as a nurse and model, a teacher and stand-up comedian, and an engineer and musician.

Xing Eryang, a 31-year-old female resident in Beijing, founded the Douban topic in 2021.While staying diligent about her daytime work, she is developing her hobbies, including stand-up comedy and vlogging, into secondary careers during her spare time. And she is amazed to find her “slash life” philosophy followed by so many of her peers.

Weiheng, a 26-year-old woman in Guangzhou, and Tang Yuhan, a 27-year-old man in Xuancheng city, Anhui province, are both participants in the topic, with their stories earning thousands of likes so far. The two are both musicians in their spare time, even though they are thousands of miles apart and have different jobs in media and finance. Their passion for music has grown since college and they didn’t abandon their enthusiasm, even after entering the workplace.

Their reaction showed the gap between the young and former generations. “My parents used to say,   ‘music cannot earn you money’,   so the band thing was regarded as a waste of time. However,   we want to pursue whatever we love and are willing to pay for it.” says Weiheng.

“The ‘slash life’ mania(狂热)shows that, along with China’s economic development, our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive, and it welcomes everyone’s self-fulfillment,” says Shi Yanrong, an   associate researcher from Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences. “Young people no longer have to rely on work and money for their sense of self-worth. They tend to practice a carpe diem(活在当下)philosophy and create their own identities.”

1. What are “slash youth” more likely to do?
A.Create a topic on Douban.
B.Take diverse occupations.
C.Become a stand-up comedian.
D.Share their own stories online.
2. Which of the following amazes Xing Eryang?
A.Other young people’s positive response.
B.Hobbies developed while working.
C.The growing social networking platform.
D.Thousands of likes earned on Douban.
3. What did Weiheng and Tang Yuhan do to pursue their musical career?
A.They sent their stories online to gain more funds.
B.They shared similar interests in both their hobbies and jobs.
C.They never lost passion for music even if they had to quit college.
D.They stuck with their dream despite the older generation’s opinion.
4. According to Shi Yanrong, what is our society’s attitude to the “slash life”?
A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.
C.Unfavorable.D.Indifferent.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约250词) | 容易(0.94) |
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文章大意:本文是记叙文。介绍了作者和家人去年暑假去野生动物园的经历。

7 . Last summer holiday, Aunt Emily took us to a safari park (野生动物园), not far from Liverpool.

I was very happy to go as I had never been to a safari park before. It’s a very interesting park, full of wild animals running freely.

When we got there, we bought our tickets and drove into the park. We were very excited at the thought of going to see the lions. But to get to the lions’ place we had to go through the monkeys’ land first. And that was an unforgettable experience because they climbed all over the car, ate apples and bananas, and threw all kinds of things at us. They seemed very unfriendly.

Anyway, we went on our way to the lions’ place where we had to lock ourselves in the car as we knew lions could be dangerous. A lion came up very close to us. Then it was on the bonnet (车盖). It looked calm but we felt terrified. Aunt Emily, who isn’t very brave, started to call for help. The kids started crying. Only my brother, George, stayed cool. I sounded the horn (喇叭) but nobody heard us.

In the end a guard arrived in his car, and the lion just got off our car and started smelling the guard’s hand as if nothing was the matter.

1. Which animal did the author want to see the most?
A.The lions.B.The elephants.C.The monkeys.D.All of them.
2. Why did they lock themselves in the car?
A.Because the monkeys might steal things.B.Because they were afraid of being robbed.
C.Because the lions might be dangerous.D.Because something was wrong with the car.
3. What does the underlined word “terrified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Excited.B.Bored.C.InterestedD.Scared
4. Who stayed calm among the visitors when they met the lion?
A.Aunt Emily.B.George.C.The guard.D.The author.
2022-09-04更新 | 1204次组卷 | 18卷引用:陕西省安康市2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约250词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了今年感恩节在新奥尔巴尼举行的2023年“感谢给予4英里和儿童短跑”活动的相关信息。

8 . Thanks For Giving 4 Miler

Thurs. November 23, 2023

The Event

Sign up today for the 2023 Thanks For Giving 4 Miler and Kids Dash that will take place this Thanksgiving in New Albany! Come out and join us for a fun kick off to Thanksgiving Day festivities! As always, 100% of our net proceeds go to help those in need.

All are welcome, including competitive runners, joggers, and walkers wanting to enjoy time with friends and loved ones. Registration ends on November 22, 2023.

The Fee

There is no official race fee. You can give as much or as little as you want. However-a $40 minimum donation is required to get our soft T-shirt. Our goal is to feed as many families in Central Ohio as we can. You can help by running our race, spreading the word, or making a donation. You may bring any donation you want, from a can of soup to cash. Let’s make a difference.

Event Day Timeline

6:30 am: Race day check-in begins.

8:00 am: Opening ceremony (仪式) begins!

8:15 am: Kids Dash begins!

8:30 am: The Thanks For Giving 4 Miler kicks off!

Awards

The top three overall male and female finishers will receive a gift certificate. The top three male and female finishers in each of the following age groups will receive a pumpkin (南瓜) pie: 14 and under, 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70 and above. Every participant of the kids race receives a finisher’s medal!

Safety

For safety, please no bicycles, skateboards, inline skates, or participation with pets.

1. What is Thanks For Giving 4 Miler and Kids Run?
A.A marathon race.B.A charity event.
C.A kid-targeted activity.D.A holiday get-together.
2. What will a man ranking second in his age group be sure to win?
A.A soft T-shirt.B.A pumpkin pie.
C.A gift certificate.D.A finisher’s medal.
3. What is required for participation?
A.Bringing a donation.
B.Reaching a certain age.
C.Registering in advance.
D.Wearing safety equipment.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约240词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:这是一篇应用文。推荐了旧金山的几种消防车旅行。

9 . San Francisco Fire Engine Tours

San Francisco Winery Tour
Running: February 1st through April 30th

This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)

Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.
Duration(时长): 2 hours
Price: $90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running: August 16th through August 31st

This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.

Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:30 pm
Duration: 2 hours
Price: $90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running: October 10th through October 31st

Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.

Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running: December 6th through December 23rd

This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.

Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
1. Which of the tours is available in March?
A.San Francisco Winery Tour.B.Back to the Fifties Tour.
C.Spooky Hallowen Tour.D.Holiday Lights Tour.
2. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?
A.Go to Treasure Island.B.Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C.Have free ice cream.D.Visit the Presidio district.
3. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?
A.Take some drinks.B.Set off early in the morning.
C.Wear warm clothes.D.Make reservations in advance.
2023-07-31更新 | 538次组卷 | 79卷引用:陕西省黄陵中学2020-2021学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题
完形填空(约300词) | 较难(0.4) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在大学毕业后失去亲密朋友的经历,并反思了大众心理学中划定界限和优先考虑自我照顾的趋势。

10 . “The silence is killing me,” I thought as I locked my phone, hoping a new message would light up the screen. After 27 messages, two phone calls and a voicemail, I’d just sent my final text to the person who _________ to be my best friend at college.

The two of us met freshman year and, since we _________ almost all the same core classes, rapidly became inseparable throughout college. We _________ stayed up together for studying, and were each other’s partner for late-night pizza runs. Then one day after graduation, she suddenly _________ responding, apart from claiming she “didn’t have enough time for herself”. That breakup was the most _________ I’d experienced. After four years of building such a _________ relationship, I thought I’d at least receive a(an) _________ for why she wanted to end things. _________, I received only a brief, indirect message about self-care and-what hurt me most-a(an) _________.

Over the past few years, the concept of “drawing boundaries” has __________ in the pop psychology. Discussions of cutting people off and protecting your energy__________ dominate social media. And after nearly three years in __________, the ways the Covid-19 pandemic has __________ many of us to reevaluate our relationships with others show up everywhere in pop culture.

The __________ of self-care are fairly obvious: by prioritizing our own well-being, we’re able to engage in emotional healing, build confidence, __________ anxiety and simply rest. However, an extreme focus on self-care can lead to a(an) __________ perspective of the world in which we always put ourselves first, even when we’re in the wrong. This doesn’t just __________ us-it can have real, painful consequences for the people around us.

Sometimes it can feel __________ for us to remove ourselves from conflict or discomfort under the mask of __________. However, walking away from these relationships without a real conversation actually__________ us and our loved ones of an opportunity for growth.

1.
A.triedB.usedC.happenedD.promised
2.
A.signed up forB.looked forward toC.took advantage ofD.kept up with
3.
A.occasionallyB.barelyC.routinelyD.finally
4.
A.suggestedB.regrettedC.delayedD.stopped
5.
A.unforgettableB.specialC.boringD.painful
6.
A.fragileB.romanticC.closeD.formal
7.
A.commentB.explanationC.apologyD.complaint
8.
A.OtherwiseB.InsteadC.MeanwhileD.Therefore
9.
A.letterB.excuseC.experienceD.silence
10.
A.explodedB.disappearedC.survivedD.changed
11.
A.hardlyB.permanentlyC.accidentallyD.consistently
12.
A.harmonyB.chargeC.separationD.competition
13.
A.causedB.requiredC.persuadedD.expected
14.
A.effectsB.benefitsC.originsD.characteristics
15.
A.reduceB.expressC.createD.share
16.
A.open-mindedB.objectiveC.conservativeD.twisted
17.
A.disturbB.impressC.hurtD.support
18.
A.easierB.coolerC.calmerD.warmer
19.
A.co-operationB.guidanceC.self-careD.friendship
20.
A.remindsB.robsC.convincesD.warns
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