1 . Americans spend billions on vitamins, multivitamins for their health, but a review of numerous studies concluded there is little to no evidence that some of those vitamins prevent heart disease, cancer or death.
The report, released by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force last week, concluded that “recent evidence is not enough” to determine whether vitamins actually help or hurt your health, based on 84 studies, 52 of which were done since 2014. Vitamins examined included vitamins A, B, C, D and E, as well as other multivitamins.
“Our suggestion is neither for nor against taking vitamins, or combinations of those nutrients (营养物质). We just don’t have enough evidence,” said Dr. John Wong, a doctor in the Department of Medicine at Tufts Medical Center who was involved in the report.
While the finding is that vitamins don’t have any benefits to “healthy, non-pregnant (未怀孕) adults”, it doesn’t apply to “children, people who are pregnant or may become pregnant, or people who are hospitalized.”
The Task Force admitted it makes sense that people would take vitamins in hopes of health benefits, as some shortage may lead to illness. But experts agreed the best way to get good health and prevent cancer is a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
“The suggestion across all organizations about vitamins is to eat a balanced diet, and then the key tends to be on plenty of fruit and vegetables and less junk foods,” Wong said.
Wong added people should refer to their health doctors to determine if any vitamins are worth taking. He said this suggestion should also serve as a need to further research into proving the official benefits and risks for each vitamin.
1. Why can’t we say whether vitamins really benefit or harm health?A.Because they really have no benefit. |
B.Because many studies have proved it. |
C.Because evidence is not enough at present. |
D.Because Dr. John Wong wasn’t involved in the research. |
A.Vitamins are of no benefit to anyone. |
B.Vitamins are beneficial to healthy adults. |
C.Children can’t take vitamins though they are in hospital. |
D.People could take vitamins if lack of vitamin may tend to illness. |
A.Taking enough vitamins. |
B.Eating more packaged foods. |
C.Following their health doctor’s advice. |
D.Having a balanced diet and doing exercise. |
A.Taking Vitamins: No Benefit to People |
B.Doctor’s Advice on Buying Vitamins |
C.Taking Vitamins: Likely to Waste Money |
D.Americans Spending More Money on Vitamins |
2 . Steph Clemence always intended to go to college. But life has a(an)
When her stepfather died in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a(an)
The
It wasn’t homework, but it could be a(an)
Steph studied the list. Each of those books
A.efficiency | B.motivation | C.exception | D.tendency |
A.hold back | B.set up | C.give away | D.carry on |
A.display | B.move | C.threat | D.mission |
A.precise | B.independent | C.modest | D.initial |
A.breaking away from | B.taking hold of | C.giving in to | D.going in for |
A.situation | B.answer | C.procedure | D.emergency |
A.spotted | B.folded | C.loaded | D.assigned |
A.hard rock | B.far cry | C.field work | D.road map |
A.flexible | B.foundational | C.financial | D.temporary |
A.qualified | B.reliable | C.sufficient | D.delightful |
A.confirmed | B.sharpened | C.stimulated | D.bounced |
A.origin | B.treat | C.concept | D.constant |
A.discussing | B.traveling | C.whispering | D.flashing |
A.completing | B.forecasting | C.revealing | D.declaring |
A.remarks | B.works | C.proofs | D.zones |
3 . When I was a practice teacher in a middle school,the students in my class were always making
The evening before I would teach all by myself,I gave a piece of paper to everyone. I told them to write
I turned the cardboard case with the bottom(底部)towards the students,and told them calmly what each one had written on the paper. The students were surprised,
I told them the truth and they were
A.progress | B.troubles | C.faces | D.efforts |
A.something | B.nothing | C.all | D.them |
A.methods | B.attitudes | C.feelings | D.interest |
A.that | B.how | C.when | D.what |
A.thought | B.seen | C.written | D.heard |
A.would | B.needed | C.had to | D.might |
A.with | B.for | C.to | D.as |
A.after | B.when | C.until | D.now that |
A.put | B.left | C.had | D.gave |
A.knowing | B.believing | C.seeing | D.hearing |
A.names | B.faces | C.characters | D.handwritings |
A.frightened | B.angry | C.sad | D.amazed |
A.corner | B.bottom | C.top | D.side |
A.in | B.for | C.with | D.to |
A.it | B.that | C.them | D.those |
A.given | B.handed | C.passed | D.offered |
A.expensive | B.useful | C.another | D.smelly |
A.made | B.seen | C.found | D.looked |
A.From then on | B.However | C.Though | D.So far |
A.a lot of | B.a lot | C.partly | D.greatly |
4 . Banff National Park is home to an amazing wildlife population. But the busy Trans Canada Highway that cuts through the park is a hazard to the lovely animals. To address the problem, Banff first put-up wildlife fencing on either side of the highway to discourage animals from entering the busy road. Then, since 1996, they’ve opened six wildlife overpasses and 38 underpasses to help the animals cross the highway in safety. I was fortunate to visit Banff’s Red Earth Overpass with Trevor Kinley, the project manager with Parks Canada. He told me that so far, they have documented 10, 000 safe animal crossings on this overpass alone. “ Some animals have learned how to use the crossings much more quickly than others. Black bears are the fastest learners, followed by deer. Wolves and lions take the longest to work out how to use them, ” Kinley said, laughing. “ But those animals that are slower to adapt are usually more capable and determined at figuring out the safest way to cross those overpasses and underpasses. ”
There is some criticism (批评) that channeling so much wildlife into a few bridges and tunnels is like making a trap for the animals, offering big animals an easy meal on either side. “ But research has shown that this is not the case, ” Kinley assured me. “ There are no more killings around the crossings than there are anywhere else in the park. ”
Walking over the Trans Canada and then walking underneath through one of the tunnels, I was amazed to see the fresh tracks of black bears, wolves, deer and many kinds of smaller animals. Somehow, all these animal footprints made me so happy, knowing that all this wildlife was passing safely under and over the longest road in Canada.
Hopefully, the success of the wildlife crossings in Banff will continue to inspire similar solutions around the world, where human pressure on wildlife continues to grow.
1. Which of the following best explains “ hazard ” underlined in paragraph 1?A.Shelter. | B.Message. | C.Answer. | D.Danger. |
A.They are stupid animals. | B.They are cautious learners. |
C.They are very dangerous. | D.They are good at adapting. |
A.There are too many bridges and tunnels. | B.Many animals will not use the crossings. |
C.More killings might happen at the crossings. | D.Illegal hunting might be encouraged in the park. |
A.Concerned. | B.Disappointed. | C.Shocked. | D.Delighted. |
5 . Wu Ming, a young German born after 1995, is a big fan of Chinese culture. As he thought some diseases can’t be treated
Studying TCM also
Wu
Wu thinks there’s no big difference between China and Western countries. “
A.immediately | B.gradually | C.thoroughly | D.consistently |
A.depend on | B.dig into | C.look up | D.work out |
A.created | B.enjoyed | C.advanced | D.acknowledged |
A.overcame | B.seized | C.divided | D.shifted |
A.raised | B.sorted | C.cooked | D.tasted |
A.aspects | B.standards | C.themes | D.means |
A.enriched | B.secured | C.expanded | D.changed |
A.exposed | B.reduced | C.restricted | D.addicted |
A.businesses | B.recreations | C.routines | D.tasks |
A.balanced | B.wealthy | C.humble | D.efficient |
A.employs | B.promotes | C.outlines | D.conveys |
A.scanning | B.checking | C.exploring | D.comparing |
A.concern | B.wish | C.demand | D.passion |
A.Misunderstanding | B.Destruction | C.Stress | D.Failure |
A.source | B.basis | C.bridge | D.tool |
6 . You can tell a lot about people’s general state of mind based on their social media feeds. Are they always tweeting(发微博)about their biggest annoyances or posting pictures of particularly cute kitties? In a similar fashion, researchers are turning to Twitter for clues about the overall happiness of entire geographic communities.
What they’re finding is that regional variation in the use of common phrases produces predictions that don’t always reflect the local state of well being. But removing from their analyses just three specific terms -- good, love and LOL - greatly improves the accuracy of the methods.
“We’re living in a crazy COVID-19 era. And now more than ever, we’re using social media to adapt to a new normal and reach out to the friends and family that we can’t meet face-to-face.” Kokil Jaidka studies computational linguistics at the National University of Singapore. “But our words aren’t useful just to understand what we, as individuals, think and feel. They’re also useful clues about the community we live in.”
One of the simpler methods that many scientists use to analyze the data involves correlating words with positive or negative emotions. But when those records are compared with phone surveys that assess regional well-being, Jaidka says, they don’t paint an accurate picture of the local zeitgeist(时代精神).
Being able to get an accurate read on the mood of the population is no laughing matter. “That’s particularly important now, in the time of COVID, where we’re expecting a mental health crisis and we’re already seeing in survey data the largest decrease in subjective well-being in 10 years at least, if not ever.”
To find out why , Jaidka and her team analyzed billions of tweets from around the United States. And they found that among the most frequently used terms on Twitter are LOL, love and good. And they actually throw the analysis off. Why the disconnect?
“Internet language is really a different beast than regular spoken language. We’ve adapted words from the English vocabulary to mean different things in different situations.” says Jaidka. “Take, for example, LOL. I’ve tweeted the word LOL to express irony, annoyance and sometimes just pure surprise. When the methods for measuring LOL as a marker of happiness were created in the 1990s, it still meant laughing out loud.”
“There are plenty of terms that are less misleading,” says Jaidka. “Our models tell us that words like excited, fun, great, opportunity, interesting, fantastic and those are better words for measuring subjective well-being.”
1. The researchers turn to social media feeds to ________.A.help with the analysis of people’s subjective well-being |
B.integrate into a mainstreamed lifestyle more quickly |
C.prove the disconnect between language and emotions |
D.collect specific terms associated with specific zeitgeist. |
A.It didn’t reflect the mood of the entire geographic community |
B.It didn’t match the assessment result of the phone surveys. |
C.It didn’t consider the features of Internet language. |
D.It didn’t take the regional variations into account. |
A.Face-to-face communication is never replaced to ensure happiness. |
B.Internet use is to blame for the decrease in subjective well-being. |
C.Internet language should be originally used as a source of scientific analysis. |
D.Less misleading words should be used in assessing subjective well-being. |
A.Internet Shock Need A Break | B.Underlying LOL Never Fade Away |
C.Virtual Mirror Of Era Being | D.Gulf Between Old And New |
7 . True happiness lies in rewarding relationships, not material wealth, according to new research. Scientists have said that a close circle of friends and family is most important for happiness, and that owning things such as iPhones, computers, being wealthy and owning a sports car do not provide the same level of satisfaction.
The study was done by psychologists at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Lund University, in Sweden. The experts analyzed articles in Swedish newspapers published in 2016 and recorded which words most often occurred in the same articles as the Swedish word for happiness. In this way, they could know our common happiness.
Co-author Dr Danilo Garcia, a researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy’s Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, said, “It’s relationships that are most important, not material things that we possess, and this is in line with other findings in happiness research.”
The study, which contained more than 1.5 million words, showed that terms such as “grandmother” and personal pronouns such as “you”, “me”, “us” and “them” often emerge in the same article as the Swedish word for happiness. Researchers found that words such as “iPhone”, “millions” and “Google” almost never appear with the word “happiness”.
The study is a part of a larger research project on how people describe both positive and negative events in their lives. The researchers believe that the word analysis reflects a common perception among the members of our society as to what should make us happy.
Dr Danilo Garcia said, “Just as the Beatles sang, most people understand that money can’t buy you happiness or love. But even if we can understand the importance of close and warm relationships at a social level, it isn’t certain that everyone is aware that such relationships are actually necessary for our own personal happiness.”
1. New research mainly shows that ________.A.various things can lead to happiness in people |
B.having some close friends is very important to us |
C.owning expensive things can actually make us happy |
D.rewarding relationships make us happy instead of material wealth |
A.By doing surveys. |
B.By doing experiments. |
C.By analyzing printed articles. |
D.By referring to previous studies. |
A.explain something new |
B.are unbelievable to many people |
C.prove material things are unimportant |
D.confirm previous findings in happiness research |
A.Appear. | B.Spread. | C.Start. | D.Unite. |
A.money really buys us happiness or love |
B.rewarding relationships really lead to personal happiness |
C.close and warm relationships are important at a social level |
D.all people know rewarding relationships lead to personal happiness |
8 . The Best National Parks to Visit in Winter
While most parks tend to draw families in the summer and fall, there are also ideal spots for adventurous winter trips.
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
The country’s oldest and best-known national park takes on an almost otherworldly atmosphere in winter: the air filled with rolling steam, the strong colors of hot springs, the surrounding white landscapes, let alone the impressive wildlife during this time, like bison, wolves, and playful red foxes. Just book a guided hiking tour to get a ranger’s perspective on the park and local people.
Joshua Tree National Park, California
With its giant red rocks and unique trees, you’ll feel like stepping onto a foreign planet as you spend hours hiking the Panorama Loop or Maze Loop. The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park, featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky.
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
A significantly lower number of visitors in winter means you can take in unblocked views of the South Rim, and get to see the rare beauty of the Grand Canyon dusted with snow. For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles.
Virgin Islands National Park, St. John
Surprise! Not all wintertime national park trips need to involve snow. Virgin Islands National Park is most famous for its white-sand beaches. You can also hike inland to visit old sugar plantations, or venture out to the water to swim along with sea turtles and manta rays. You will definitely enjoy a different winter here.
1. Which park will one choose if he/she is interested in stars?A.Yellowstone National Park. | B.Joshua Tree National Park. |
C.Grand Canyon National Park. | D.Virgin Islands National Park. |
A.We can have a poor view of the South Rim there. | B.It lies in an area with rolling steam and hot springs. |
C.There is a slight decline in visitor numbers in winter. | D.The Bright Angel Trail is challenging in cold weather. |
A.Hiking. | B.Skiing. | C.Swimming. | D.Hunting. |
9 . The newly-elected president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw (退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success. During the election campaign, he promised to ease protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife. Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger?
The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, is called “the lungs of the planet.” Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots and release water vapor into the air, forming tiny drops of water. The Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist, says that it is almost impossible to say Just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems.
Some of Bolsonaro’s support comes from business and farming groups. One supporter, Luiz Carlos, noted that farmers “are not invaders, they are producers.” He blamed the past government for supporting rainforest protections at the cost of farmers. “Brazil,” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.”
Paulo Artaxo, a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo, says that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.”
Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall in other areas. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.
1. The first paragraph is intended to ________.A.draw people’s attention to the disappearing rainforests |
B.ask people to ease the protection of rainforests |
C.attract the public to the newly-elected president |
D.to complain about the new government's withdrawing |
A.produce much farmland |
B.examine people’s lungs |
C.change the earth’s living system |
D.destroy farmers’ crops |
A.The new president’s supporters care less about farmers. |
B.Scientists are concerned about the protection of rainforests. |
C.The rainforests will stop the economic development in Brazil. |
D.The past government is to blame for the destruction of rainforests |
A.a newspaper |
B.a magazine |
C.a guidebook |
D.a textbook |
10 . Summer services
Summer services contacts area non-profit organizations to determine the number of volunteers needed at the organizations throughout the summer weeks. Students sign up for volunteer expectations with Summer Services at the Activities Fair on Opening Weekend. Trips are scheduled throughout the summer on Saturdays.
Harvard Summer School Orchestra
The Harvard Summer School Orchestra is currently in its thirty-fifth season and the direction of Juith Zuckerman. Practice sessions are from 6:30 p.m. to 9 p.m., in Sanders Theatre, on the following dates: Friday, June 28; Mondays, starting from July 1; and Friday, July 26. The performance is scheduled for Saturday, July 27, at 8 p.m. in Sanders Theatre, memorial Hall. For more information, please email hsso@verizon. net.
Harvard Summer Pops Band
This band is open to most instrument players from both Harvard and the Greater Boston area, regardless of age or experience.
Practice sessions are Wednesdays in Sanders Theatre from 7:15 p.m. to 9:30 p.m., starting from 24 June. The band will perform two concerts. The first on 23 July at 4 p.m. in Tercentenary Theater, Harvard Yard, and the second on 26 July at 3 p.m. at the Hatch Memorial Shell in Boston. For more information, email meolson @ fas. Harvard. edu.
Harvard Summer Chorus
The chorus, founded in 1936, is led by Andrew Clark, Harvard University 's Director of Choral Activities. Practice sessions are Tuesdays and Thursdays, 7 p.m. to 9:30 p.m., in Sander Theatre, starting from Tuesday,25 June. The final performance is scheduled for Friday, 2 August at 8 p.m., in Sanders Theatre, Memorial Hall. Visited the Harvard Summer Chorus website or email harvardsummerchorus@gmail.com for more information.
1. Which of the following suits those who are only available on the weekend?A.Summer services. |
B.Harvard Summer School Orchestra. |
C.Harvard Summer Pops Band. |
D.Harvard Summer Chorus. |
A.There are two practice sessions in total. |
B.It's only suitable for experienced players. |
C.Each practice session lasts nearly three hours. |
D.The concerts will be held in different theatres. |
A.They all date back to over three decades ago. |
B.They all have performances in Sanders Theatre. |
C.All of their activities are scheduled in the summer vacation. |
D.They all have practice sessions at least twice a week. |