1 . Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.
Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
1. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?| A．Pipes and smoke detectors. | B．Smoke detectors and sprinklers. |
| C．Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. | D．Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations |
| A．Using them wrongly results in punishment. |
| B．Irresponsible use of them can damage them. |
| C．Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. |
| D．Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. |
| A．contact the hall staff regularly | B．cover the things that burn easily |
| C．start the smoke detector in a fire | D．make certain the red light is working |
2 . Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.
The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.
“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.
It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information. But what would happen in practice is another matter,” he says.
Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.
Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.
The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.
1. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?| A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. |
| B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. |
| C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. |
| D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms. |
| A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme |
| B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think |
| C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale |
| D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models |
| A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old |
| B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand |
| C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future |
| D．it remains unknown how users’data will be taken advantage of |
| A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websites |
| B．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark |
| C．take no further action if they can find a kitemark |
| D．avoid providing too much personal information |
3 . For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students,
This
| A．travelling | B．marching | C．pacing | D．struggling |
| A．rising up | B．coming up | C．driving up | D．turning up |
| A．betray | B．accept | C．avoid | D．appreciate |
| A．Therefore | B．However | C．Thus | D．Moreover |
| A．part | B．nature | C．basis | D．spirit |
| A．missed | B．disliked | C．enjoyed | D．denied |
| A．transparent | B．obvious | C．false | D．similar |
| A．because | B．but | C．though | D．so |
| A．ear | B．taste | C．heart | D．voice |
| A．occurred to | B．took to | C．appealed to | D．held to |
| A．change | B．chance | C．mission | D．function |
| A．proved | B．showed | C．stressed | D．meant |
| A．pushing | B．dragging | C．lifting | D．rushing |
| A．admiring | B．pitying | C．annoying | D．teasing |
| A．over | B．aside | C．behind | D．out |
4 . High-Wire Act
Mickey Wilson had been on the mountain only a few seconds when he heard the scream. Wilson, 28 years old, had just gotten off the cable car (索道缆车) at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area in Keystone, Colorado, along with his friends Billy Simmons and Hans Mueller. Their friend Richard had been on the cable car ahead of them, but when the men reached the top of the lift, he had disappeared. The men walked toward the source of the scream and found skiers stopped on the slope, pointing to the cable car. And then the friends screamed too.
“Oh, Richard!” yelled Mueller.
When Richard had tried to jump off the cable car, his backpack had been caught in the chair, which then dragged him back down the hill. In the process, the backpack belt twisted around his neck, making him breathless. Now Richard’s body was swinging four feet above the snow. The cable car operator had quickly stopped it, and the friends kicked off their skis and ran toward the scene. They made a human pyramid to try to reach Richard, but the unconscious man was too far off the ground. With the clock ticking, Wilson ran to the ladder of a nearby lift tower. Scared skiers watched as he struggled the 25 feet. After he reached the top, Wilson’s first challenge was to climb onto the two-inch steel cable that held the chairs. He handled the balance and height bravely, but he knew he could not walk on the cable. Therefore, he calmed down and sat over it and then used his hands to pull himself to Richard quickly. Wilson’s greatest fear wasn’t that he’d fall, but that he wouldn’t reach Richard. “This was life or death,” he said.
When he reached Richard’s chair, Wilson swung a leg over the cable and attempted to drop down onto it. But as he did that, his jacket caught on the movable footrest, which was in the up position. The footrest began to slide down, with Wilson attached. But before that could happen, he managed to free himself and reached Richard.
Fortunately, the ski patrol (巡查) had gathered below and performed emergency treatment on Richard, who had been hanging for about five minutes, then skied him down to an ambulance.
That night, Richard called from the hospital to express his thanks to Wilson, his other friends and the workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area.
1. What happened to Richard when he tried to jump off the cable car?| A．He was sick and became unconscious. |
| B．He left his skis which stopped the cable car. |
| C．He was too afraid to move forward in the cable car. |
| D．He was caught by the neck, hanging down the cable. |
| A．People worked together and saved him. |
| B．Wilson climbed on the cable and saved him. |
| C．The ski patrol got him down and treated him. |
| D．Skiers treated him and carried him to the hospital. |
| A．the rescue process was dangerous |
| B．something was wrong with the cable car |
| C．Wilson could manage the process very well |
| D．the operator of the cable car ignored his duty |
| A．it is very dangerous to go skiing |
| B．he that climbs high often falls heavily |
| C．bravery and calm can help you make a difference |
| D．a person with a great talent always has great will-power |
5 . A trip to London
My family had dreamed of a trip to London for a long time. Luckily it was possible for us to realize our dream because all of us were free on the weekend.
We planned to drive into Cambridge and caught the 7: 34 train to Liverpool Street Station.Then my wife and I would separate from Joan, my wife’s sister, to do different things and finally meet again for lunch. And after lunch, we would go to the concert.
But we were late because of a thick London fog. The train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn’t decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. We didn’t have any mobile phones at that time. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn’t find her.
It was now one o'clock, and the concert began at 2: 30. “Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,” said my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by subway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it.Just when I was about to become angry, we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found the subway station which was just fifty meters down the road.
By now it was far too late to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2: 30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. We were tired and hungry.
We finally reached home at ten. Opening the door we were amazed to find Joan at home; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant. Of course, she managed to get home, too. Oh my god!
1. What did the writer plan to do after lunch that day?| A．Go to the concert. | B．Return to Cambridge. |
| C．Go shopping. | D．See the Crown Jewels. |
| A．they were late for the concert |
| B．Joan didn’t want to go to the concert |
| C．there was a thick fog |
| D．they planned to do different things until lunch time |
| A．A taxi driver. | B．A blind man. |
| C．His wife. | D．Joan. |
6 . Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first
Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts
Out of this early struggle to
| A．admitted | B．filled | C．recognized | D．supplied |
| A．assignment | B．instruction | C．advantage | D．education |
| A．board | B．training | C．teaching | D．equipment |
| A．during | B．between | C．over | D．through |
| A．while | B．once | C．though | D．because |
| A．permits | B．preparation | C．clothes | D．exploration |
| A．for | B．on | C．in | D．With |
| A．flexible | B．light | C．Optimistic | D．cautious |
| A．gaining | B．achieving | C．obtaining | D．developing |
| A．protect | B．prevent | C．promote | D．predict |
| A．demanded | B．suggested | C．inspected | D．insisted |
| A．practice | B．presence | C．passion | D．potential |
| A．hopefully | B．immediately | C．naturally | D．finally |
| A．key | B．breaking | C．turning | D．basic |
| A．progress | B．experience | C．confidence | D．competence |
| A．speech | B．football | C．horse-riding | D．farming |
| A．in return | B．in turn | C．in brief | D．in fact |
| A．overcome | B．convey | C．approach | D．possess |
| A．recommend | B．stress | C．contribute | D．express |
| A．besides | B．beyond | C．with | D．around |
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
1. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
| A．News reports. | B．Research papers. |
| C．Private e-mails. | D．Daily conversations． |
| A．They’re socially inactive. |
| B．They’re good at telling stories. |
| C．They’re inconsiderate of others. |
| D．They’re careful with their words. |
| A．Sports new. | B．Science articles. |
| C．Personal accounts. | D．Financial reviews. |
| A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide |
| B．Online News Attracts More People |
| C．Reading Habits Change with the Times |
| D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks |
8 . You can’t walk into the office without Rihanna’s voice singing “work work work work work work” in your head. And that one line from Lady Gaga’s “Bad Romance” still makes you want to scream. These are commonly known as earworm songs—those sticky tunes that continue to play in your head. A recent study finds that more than 90% of adults report hearing earworm songs on a weekly basis.
Fortunately, most people report earworm songs as pleasant. But others find them annoying or even maddening. “Some people are troubled by them to the point that it disturbs life,” says Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis, a professor at the University of Arkansas who has studied earworm songs.
Margulis says earworm songs tend to have some predictable characteristics. For one thing, they tend to small parts of a song—not the whole track. And “the songs you’ve heard recently also have the most possibility to get stuck in your memory,” she says.
But sometimes something strange and unpredictable can also start a track paying in your head. “Once I was at the doctor’s office and saw a poster of a man who I thought looked like Gaston—a character from Beauty and the Beast,” Margulis recalls. A couple minutes passed, and she realized she couldn’t get “Be Our Guest”, the song in the movie, out of her head, even though she hadn’t thought of the tune in years. In that instance, she was able to identify her earworm’s trigger: the Gaston-looking man in the poster. “But the connections can be really unclear,” she says.
Margulis points out that, in all of human history, recorded music is a very new phenomenon. She says some have inferred that earworm songs are also new—the unintended consequence of being able to hear the same song played everywhere in the same way over and over again. So far, the convincing explanation for why human beings experience earworm songs remains a mystery. But there are some well-established ways to cast off the earworm songs.
“Finding a mentally demanding task and putting your mind on it usually shifts attention away from internal music. People tend to get earworms when performing tasks that don’t require their full attention—stuff like doing the dishes,” Margulis says.
Chewing gum can also help. When a song is stuck in our heads, it’s almost like we’re singing along with it. If you make your mouth do something else—chewing gum, eating a meal or talking with a friend—that can kick out the earworm.
You could also face your enemy. By listening to the full track that includes the passage stuck in your head, you may find “closure” and relief.
1. Which of the following is most likely to be an earworm song?| A．A song made up of simple words. |
| B．A song heard frequently these days. |
| C．A song sung by a most famous singer. |
| D．A song learned during one’s childhood. |
| A．Type. | B．Tune. |
| C．Cause. | D．Characteristic. |
| A．result from modern technology | B．be experienced over meals |
| C．help regain lost memories | D．hurt one’s hearing |
| A．Why we hear earworm songs. | B．Where to find earworm songs. |
| C．When we hear earworm songs. | D．How to get over earworm songs. |
You need only look at a professional cyclist to appreciate the potential effects of cycling on the body. But what about the mind? It’s a question that has long challenged anyone who has wondered how riding a bike can offer what feels close to a state of emptying your mind.
Dr. John Ratey thinks cycling increases “the chemistry in your brain that makes you feel calm,” but also that carrying out multiple operations while cycling can be an effective treatment, as shown in a German study involving 115 children, half of whom did activities such as cycling that involved complex movements, while the rest performed more straightforward exercises with the same aerobic (有氧的) demands. Both groups did better than they previously had in concentration tests, but the “complex” group did a lot better.
There have been other interesting findings too. In 2003, Dr. Jay Alberts rode a tandem bicycle, a bicycle built for two riders sitting one behind the other, across the American state of Ohio with a friend who has Parkinson’s (帕金森) disease, a condition affecting the nervous system. The idea was to raise awareness of the disease, but to the surprise of both riders, the patient showed significant improvements. Dr. Jay Alberts then scanned the brains of 26 Parkinson’s patients during and after an eight-week exercise programme using bikes. Half the patients were allowed to ride at their own paces, while the others were pushed harder. All patients improved, and the group which was pushed harder showed particularly significant increases in connectivity between areas of intelligence responsible for functions such as walking and picking things up.
We don’t know how this happens, but there is more evidence of the link between Parkinson’s and cycling. A video on the Internet shows a 58-year-old man with severe Parkinson’s. At first, we watch the patient trying to walk. He can barely stand and his hands shake uncontrollably. Then we see the man on a bicycle being supported by others. With a push, he’s off, cycling past cars with perfect balance. Doctors don’t fully understand this discrepancy either, but say that cycling may act as some sort of action that helped the patient’s brain.
The science of cycling is incomplete, but perhaps the most remarkable thing for the everyday rider is that it can require no conscious focus at all. The mindlessness of cycling can not only make us happier, but also leave room for other thoughts. On the seat of my bike, I’ve solved problems at work and made life decisions, as, I’m sure, have countless others.
1. What does the study described in Paragraph 2 suggest?| A．Cycling has a good effect on physical fitness. |
| B．The tasks involved in cycling can be hard for children. |
| C．Lack of exercise like cycling causes lack of concentration. |
| D．Cycling can improve the ability to focus attention on a task. |
| A．cycling does more good if sufferers put more effort into it |
| B．cycling on tandem bikes has a better effect on the disease |
| C．not every person with Parkinson’s will benefit from cycling |
| D．social awareness is more important for Parkinson’s sufferers |
| A．Why Parkinson’s affects some people and not others. |
| B．Why someone with Parkinson’s can cycle but not walk. |
| C．How cycling could be included in treatment for Parkinson’s. |
| D．How a link between cycling and Parkinson’s was discovered. |
| A．The effect of cycling is not yet fully understood. |
| B．Cycling is believed to be both complex and mindless. |
| C．Cycling has a significant influence on people’s mind. |
| D．People may be more intelligent with the help of cycling, |
