2 . Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska earthquake are the photos that show slope (斜坡）failures, in which parts of formerly solid hills caved in，tore or let loose. And if there happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed，the result was horrible.

Slopes can fail without earthquakes, as the result of pouring rain qr w：eathering. But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the process or create entirely new failures that wouldn't have otherwise happened.

Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the hours after the earthquake Friday, the most interesting of which was on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla. It’s as if someone came along with a large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road, which wrinkled like a broken egg.

Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a result of the 7.0-magnitude (震级）quake. The center of the quake was deep, at 27 miles below the surface — a key reason why the damage in Anchorage was relatively light. Such an earthquake would be expected to produce shaking over a large area, but probably with reasonably modest top ground accelerations, Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt, but the surface of Earth wouldn't be moving badly enough to produce widespread landslides.   

Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral (横向的）spread, in which the ground tears open. Whatever is on top of the ground at the place it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards, like highways or buildings. The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage because of the force of the ground spreading out away from the tear. There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.

1. What do we know about slope failures?

A．They may cause earthquakes.

B．They usually happen with a road on top.

C．They always happen with earthquakes.

D．They may pull parts of the hills apart

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A．Earthquakes have great effect on slope failures.

B．Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.

C．Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.

D．Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.

3. What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake Friday?

A．It produced shaking over a large area.

B．It caused fewer slope failures than expected.

C．It wasn’t felt for its deep center.

D．It didn’t produce landslides.

4. In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill almost unbroken?

A．Land slides.

B．Slope failures.

C．Lateral spread.

D．Block spread.

3 . For high school students, just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough. You have to actively do some research and plan. Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door.

Registered Nurses

To become registered nurses, you’re going to need either an associate degree in nursing, a Bachelor of Science in nursing, or another officially approved diploma(文凭) from a nursing program. If you want to be a practicing physician, you’ll need a medical degree in your chosen field on top of your four-year degree.

Data Analysts

Big data is a growing field with profitable opportunities for college graduates. You are required to have a master’s degree in computer science or another related field. Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women. Thankfully, it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field.

Plumbers (管道工) and Electricians

Not all of the best careers for the future will require a four-year undergraduate degree. There’s a serious demand for skilled positions jobs like plumbers and technicians. Many of these positions require a high school degree and often an associate degree in a related field, but don’t necessarily require graduation from a four-year university.

Cybersecurity (网络安全) Experts

The average salaries for cybersecurity experts can start at $80, 000 for IT Security Consultants and can reach six figures for other positions such as a security director. The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, engineering, or other related fields.

1. In which job will the gender distribution probably be more balanced?

A．Data Analysts.	B．Registered Nurses.
C．Cybersecurity Experts.	D．Plumbers and Electricians.

2. To be a cybersecurity expert, which is the basic requirement?

A．A master’s degree in computer science.

B．A certificate of high school graduation.

C．A bachelor’s degree in information technology.

D．A diploma officially approved from a medical program.

3. Where is the text probably taken from?

A．A health lecture.	B．A school website.
C．A job advertisement.	D．A science magazine.

4 . The State of the World’s Birds — report from conservation group Bird Life is the latest critical survey that highlight the scale of the current biodiversity crisis. It says, more than half the world’s bird species are in decline, as human activities including agriculture and expansion into habitats continue to wreak havoc on bird populations.

“We have already lost over 160 bird species in the last 500 years, and the rate of extinction is accelerating,” said Lucy Haskell, who is lead author of the report. “Historically, most extinctions were on islands, but worryingly there is a growing wave of continental extinctions, driven by landscape-scale habitat loss.”

The report reviewed data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Analysis showed that 5,412 of bird species worldwide, or 49 percent, have declining populations, while 38 percent are stable, 6 percent are increasing, and 6 percent have unknown trends. One in eight species is threatened with extinction, and also highlighted the massive scale of population loss in several well-surveyed areas.

The expansion and intensification (集约化) in agriculture is the leading threat to birds, the report said, impacting at least 73 percent of threatened species. Unsustainable logging and management of forests is another significant threat, impacting nearly half of threatened bird species.

Birds play an essential role in the health of ecosystems around the world. They are predators, pollinators, seed dispensers, and scavengers, and help to move and cycle nutrients across wide ranges. “Birds tell us about the health of our natural environment — we ignore their messages at our peril,” Lucy said.

Authors of the report said that governments must prioritize more sustainable agriculture practices and the protection of natural habitats in order to slow population decline in bird species. There are numerous examples of populations bouncing back with the help of well-coordinated conservation programs. “If we give nature a chance, it can recover,” said But chart, who is chief scientist for Bird Life. “There is no denying that the situation is terrible, but we know how to reverse these declines.”

1. What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A．Gradually change.

B．Sharply increase.

C．Slightly disturb.

D．Seriously damage.

2. How did the report show the state of the world’s birds?

A．By listing causes.

B．By making comparisons.

C．By analyzing data.

D．By answering questions.

3. What is the major threat to birds according to the report?

A．Illegal hunting for birds.	B．The development of agriculture.
C．Poor management of forests.	D．The loss of landscape-scale habitats.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Birds play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity.

B．Governments have protected natural habitats greatly.

C．Conservation programs need to be updated more frequently.

D．Scientists are confident about slowing population decline of birds.

5 . Five years ago, Meredith Arthur, a 45-year-old San Francisco resident, arrived at a neurologist appointment. She spoke a mile a minute, explaining why she thought it might hold clues to her neck pain, frequent dizziness and headaches. “I was presenting my inexpert case to an expert, who stopped me and said, ‘I know what’s wrong. You have generalized anxiety disorder.’”

Arthur is one of the 40 million American adults who experience an anxiety disorder—the most common form of mental illness—every year. Its major factor is the uncertainty about situations in daily life.

“I describe anxiety as a future-oriented emotional response to a perceived threat,” says Joel Minden, PhD, a clinical psychologist. “We anticipate that something bad will happen. Maybe we have evidence. Maybe we don’t. But we have a belief that something catastrophic might occur.”

Almost immediately, Minden says, your sympathetic nervous system kicks into high gear. This leads to the release of adrenaline and cortisol, two of the crucial hormones (荷尔蒙) that drive your body’s fight-freeze-flight response and cause anxiety’s physical symptoms. Your heart races, your blood pressure rises, your pupils dilate, you get short of breath.

Meanwhile, cortisol curbs functions that your brain considers non-essential: It affects immune system responses and suppresses (抑制) the digestive system, the reproductive system, and growth processes. This was helpful for our ancestors trying to outrun tigers but is not so much when you can’t stop struggling with the problem whether you might have caught COVID-19 when the guy behind you in line at the grocery store coughed.

Anxiety can show itself in many ways. You might perceive something as threatening even when it isn’t or go to great lengths to avoid uncomfortable situations. You might constantly overthink plans or spend all of your time creating solutions to worst-case scenarios. Maybe you feel indecisive and fear making the wrong decision. Or you might find yourself restless, nervous, and unable to relax.

The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.

1. What does the underlined word “curbs” in paragraph 5 most probably mean?

A．activates

B．restricts

C．damages

D．removes

2. What can you infer from the passage?

A．Social factors are to blame for anxiety disorders.

B．Anxiety is the most common illness in the US.

C．Mental well-being has been Meredith Arthur’s concern.

D．anxiety disorders can be controlled with certain treatments.

3. Which of the following is NOT the typical symptom of anxiety?

A．Trying to find solutions to the worst situation from time to time.

B．Hesitating to make the final decision for fear of mistakes.

C．Heart racing and blood pressure rising at the imagined situation.

D．Feeling restless or nervous even when there’s nothing threatening around.

4. What will the following part most probably talk about?

A．The advance of science and technology.

B．The effects of the anxiety disorders.

C．Tips to minimize negative effects of anxiety.

D．The anticipation of Meredith Arthur.

7 . It’s that time again when we’re busy buying and giving them. Sometimes we call them ________, sometimes presents. Is there a ________?

The words come from different ________. Gift has its origin in the Germanic root for “to give”. It referred to an act of ________, and then, to the thing being given. Present comes from the French for “to present”. A present is the thing presented. They were both used to express the ________ of something going through a change of ________ without expectation of payment from the 13th century onward.

The words gift and present are well-matched synonyms that mean almost the same thing. ________, even well-matched synonyms have their own unique patterns of ________. Gift applies to a wide range of situations. Presents are more ________. If your whole family gave ________ to your college fund for your birthday, would you say “I got a lot of presents”? It doesn’t exactly sound ________, but since you never hold these donations in your hand, gifts seem to fit better.

Gift can also act like an adjective to describe another noun. What do you call the type of shop where you can buy presents for people? A gift shop. Present doesn’t work well in this role of ________ other nouns. We have gift boxes and gift cards, not present boxes and present cards.

Still, ________ my personal sense of the ________, present—though it may not be as common—is more casual sounding than gift. But whether it’s gifts or presents you ________, I wish you many and lots this year.

1.

A．gifts

B．awards

C．friends

D．families

2.

A．mistake

B．difference

C．plan

D．promise

3.

A．games

B．stories

C．situations

D．languages

4.

A．giving

B．speaking

C．leaving

D．listening

5.

A．dream

B．chance

C．advice

D．idea

6.

A．possession

B．attitude

C．colors

D．decisions

7.

A．Therefore

B．Moreover

C．However

D．Otherwise

8.

A．behavior

B．use

C．spelling

D．development

9.

A．transparent

B．concrete

C．positive

D．public

10.

A．thanks

B．attention

C．donations

D．discounts

11.

A．wrong

B．easy

C．unlucky

D．cool

12.

A．explaining

B．correcting

C．analyzing

D．describing

13.

A．because of

B．according to

C．in spite of

D．in addition to

14.

A．actions

B．events

C．words

D．directions

15.

A．order

B．offer

C．make

D．prefer

8 . 43-year-old John Chadwick started live-streaming (直播) life of the birds with their chicks.But just weeks after uploading the videos to YouTube, he gained millions of views from around the world.

John said, “To think that tens of millions of people have been watching the birds from around the world is just incredible and quite overwhelming.”

The sound engineer bought the bird box by accident. He placed it on a willow tree in his back garden in March, and within hours two blue tits (蓝冠山雀) moved in and they had five chicks. At first, he only wanted to show his family what the birds were up to.

John said, “Within a day the birds moved in, and I wanted to know what was going on inside. I started to livestream and do video highlights every day-on the first day 100 people watched it. It showed things like the chicks being fed in the nests as the parents carried in caterpillars (毛毛虫). After three months, I had 2, 000 subscribers.”

John decided to put a final video together and keep it as short as possible-showing the birds going into the nests, the eggs hatching, and the chicks fledging(长羽毛).

Now despite the huge global success of the videos, John is unlikely to make enough for a nest egg of his own. He still needs to struggle for his family. But some people say they find it quite relaxing and genuinely fascinated by John’s videos.

He said, “My personal challenge to myself was to get out of my comfortable zone. And I enjoy exploring new areas. But I keep in mind that I need to care for my family.”

1. Why did John livestream birds’ life at first?

A．To kill time at home.

B．To know more about the birds.

C．To get him closer to his family.

D．To call on people to shelter blue tits.

2. What trouble is John faced with now?

A．His financial problem.

B．Little blue tits’ settlements.

C．Improvement of his final video.

D．Challenges from online viewers.

3. Which words can best describe John?

A．Intelligent and hardworking.

B．Helpful and wise.

C．Knowledgeable and generous.

D．Adventurous and responsible.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．A Bird Lover’s Video of Blue Tits Attracts Millions of Fans

B．A Video Raises People’s Awareness of Protecting Birds

C．Technology Can Greatly Affect the Survival of Wildlife

D．A Bird Lover Makes Efforts to Protect Rare Blue Tits