1 . Volunteer Art &Architecture Tour Guide for Boston Public Library, Copley Square
The goal is to generate public interest in the history, art, and architecture of Boston Public Library, including its special collections and exhibitions at the Central Library in Copley Square.
ROLE AND EXPECTATIONS
●To conduct public and private group tours of the Central Library’s art, architecture, and exhibitions, answering questions from groups and recording attendance statistics after tours conclude.
●To continue to inform oneself of the art, architecture, history, holdings, and exhibitions of Boston Public Library.
QUALIFICATIONS
● Interest in history, art, and architecture in general, and of Boston Public Library in particular.
● Confidence in addressing and presenting information to large groups; prior guiding or public speaking experience desirable.
●A strong command of the English language is required, and fluency in other languages is highly preferred.
TRAINING
Accepted candidates will be asked to attend tour guide training meetings. New guides are expected to complete training around four months. Progress evaluations will be ongoing throughout the training period, and continue through the first six months of working as a full guide.
REQUIREMENTS
●Minimum commitment of two tours per month (or 24 tours per year).
●Commitment to attending tour guide meetings and enrichment programs for continuing education.
REVIEW
Regular assessments and evaluations will be conducted based on the above criteria to ensure that volunteers meet the necessary qualifications.
Interested candidates should complete the application form below and send it to tours@bpl.org.
1. What does a volunteer tour guide need to do after tours?| A．Ensure safety of the artworks. |
| B．Maintain cleanness of the hall. |
| C．Document the numbers of visitors. |
| D．Answer questions about qualifications. |
| A．4 months. | B．6 months. | C．10 months. | D．12 months. |
| A．Insufficient (不足的) working hours. |
| B．Absence of a second language. |
| C．Little relevant volunteer experience. |
| D．Limited knowledge about exhibitions. |
2 . Have you ever wanted to be healthier? Get a pet! That is what the experts are saying. There are many advantages to owning a pet, no matter whether it is a cat, dog, or horse.
Some new parents are often in a rush to get rid of their pets when a baby is expected. Yet, studies have shown that having a pet at home actually reduces a child’s likelihood of developing certain kinds of diseases. In one study, a researcher studied 300 new-born babies and tested them again a year later. He found that if they had a dog at home the children had up to 33% fewer allergies (过敏症). In addition, the children had stronger immune systems (免疫系统) when compared to the babies of homes with no pets.
In another study, researchers tested nearly 4,500 people. They found that cat owners who spent time stroking (抚摸) their cats suffered 40% fewer heart attacks than those who did not own a cat. Some other studies also found that pet owners suffered less serious from depression (沮丧) than non-pet owners.
Horses have long been used in treatments for disabled people, both physically and mentally. Not only does the movement of the horse help people with physical problems, but the calming influence of the animals has a positive effect on them, too. Amazing changes have been noted in disabled people who are lucky enough to receive these treatments.
From cats to horses, having a pet can really have positive effects on our health.
1. What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?| A．Degree. | B．Possibility. | C．Opportunity. | D．Decision. |
| A．having a pet at home makes a baby weak |
| B．the children in home without a dog may have strong immune system |
| C．non-pet owners may easily suffer from depression than pet owners |
| D．keeping a pet cat is better than keeping a pet dog |
| A．How to raise a horse. | B．The way of keeping healthy. |
| C．How horses benefit disabled people. | D．How to treat disabled people. |
| A．New parents sometimes refuse to have a pet when they have a baby. |
| B．If you want to keep healthy, do nothing but keep a pet. |
| C．Cat owners suffer more heart attacks than others. |
| D．Horses can cure the problems of disabled people. |
3 . Teenagers have long been told that being active and taking part in various sports is good for their health. But new research suggests that too much sport for teenagers could negatively affect their well-being just as much as too little sport.
Researchers from Switzerland say their study suggests that 14 hours of physical activity a week is best for promoting good health in teenagers. However, they found that more than 14 hours appears to be detrimental to their health. To reach their findings, the researchers surveyed more than 1,245 teenagers aged between 16 and 20 from Switzerland.
All participants were required to answer questions on height and weight, sports practice, sports injuries and well-being. Their well-being was assessed (评估) using the World Health Organization (WHO) Well-Being Index, and the average well-being score for all participants was 17.
The researchers divided sports participation into low (0 — 3.5 hours a week), average (3.6 — 10.5 hours), high (10.6 — 17.5 hours), and very high (more than 17.5 hours). The researchers found that participants in the low and very high activity groups were more than twice as likely to have well-being scores below 13, compared with participants in the average group. The researchers found that the highest well-being scores were gotten by participants who carried cut around 14 hours of physical activity a week, but exercising beyond 14 hours resulted in lower well-being scores.
Commenting on their findings, the researchers say physical activity has been connected with positive emotional well-being, reduced sadness, anxiety and stress disorders, and improved self-respect in teenagers.
The researchers suggest that their study stresses the importance for physicians caring for teenagers to check their level of sports practice and ask them about their well-being. Teenagers probably need a supportive and closer follow-up of their health and well-being. The findings can provide information for guideline groups who produce recommendations on sports practice for teenagers.
1. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Useless. | B．Important. | C．Reasonable. | D．Harmful. |
| A．Low sports participation causes overweight. |
| B．The sports participation is divided into four levels. |
| C．The highest well-being scores are gotten in the “high” group. |
| D．The average well-being score of teenagers between 16 and 20 in Switzerland is 17. |
| A．A research paper. | B．A health magazine. | C．A business report. | D．A fitness diary. |
| A．Measures to improve teenagers’ well-being. |
| B．Concerns of physicians about teenagers’ well-being. |
| C．Importance of physical activities on teenagers’ well-being. |
| D．Relationship between sports participation and teenagers’ well-being. |
4 . With more than 2.5 million visitors annually, Olympic National Park is a most popular park in the US. If you’re looking for breathtaking views, these are the best places to camp inside Olympic National Park.
Campground
●Deer Park
Only tents are allowed here. 14 campsites are available on a first come, first served basis from June through mid-October.
Cost: $15/night
●Staircase
There are 49 campsites. The location is open through the whole year. Some of its facilities (设施) are only available during the summer.
Cost: $24/night
●Kalaloch
With its 170 campsites, Kalaloch is the largest and most popular campground in the whole park. It is interesting and convenient to park.
Cost: $24/night
●Dosewallips
Dosewallips features about 30 campsites, none of which can be reserved ahead of time. It is accessible throughout the year.
Cost: Free
Things to Know Before You Go
●Bring a Bear Canister (防熊罐): The park is filled with all kinds of wildlife that are more than willing to help themselves to your food. Bring a bear canister to keep your supplies safe.
●Firewood: Some campgrounds have firewood for sale, but visitors are allowed to collect kindling (引火物) in locations where that isn’t the case.
●Group Camping Sites: The park offers large-group camping sites in Kalaloch. The reservation may require a phone call to complete and has different pricing models. Visit the website for more information.
●Reservation Fees: All fees for the various campsites arepayable by credit card only. No cash is accepted. Be sure to have a card with you if you are not making a reservation online ahead of time.
1. What do Staircase and Dosewallips have in common?| A．They charge the most. | B．They welcome tents only. |
| C．They are open year-round. | D．They need a reservation. |
| A．Staircase. | B．Kalaloch. | C．Dosewallips. | D．Deer Park. |
| A．Paying in cash. | B．Bring some snacks. | C．Booking in advance. | D．Collecting firewood. |
5 . Time to update that old saying “cold hands, warm heart.” New research shows touching something warm can make you feel and act more warmly toward others.
Yale University scientists did a clever study. They recruited (征募) 41 college students for what they thought was personality research. A lab worker followed each participant up the elevator of Yale’s psychology building and casually (不经意地) asked for help holding her cup of coffee- either hot or iced- while she recorded the student’s name.
Inside the lab, the students read a short description of a fictitious (虚构的) person, and then rated this stranger’s personality. Students who had held the hot cup saw the person as more generous, sociable and good-natured than those who had held the cold cup — all traits that psychologists consider part of a “warm” personality.
Then researchers recruited 53 different students for a second study, having them briefly hold one of those heat or ice pads (护垫) sold in drugstores for treating injuries, supposedly as part of product-testing. Really the test was which gift the students chose as a thank-you for participating: A bottled drink or ice cream for themselves, or one for a friend. Students who held the hot pad were more likely to choose a reward for a friend, while those who held the ice pad were more likely to choose a reward for themselves.
So is the moral of the story to hand out hot drinks when you want to make a good first impression? Not quite. The bigger message is that very small cues from our environment can significantly influence behavior and feelings, said lead researcher Dr. Lawrence Williams.
Physical and psychological concepts “are much more closely connected in the mind than we have previously appreciated,“ said Williams.
The whole concept of social warmth is learned in infancy (婴儿期), Williams said. He pointed to a psychology study that found attachment and affection were more dependent on hugs that happen to be physically warm than on merely ensuring a baby is fed.
As for a practical use for the finding: Those free food samples distributed in grocery stores probably attract more shoppers if they’re warm, advises Williams.
1. What can we learn about the participants in the first experiment?| A．They didn’t realize when the experiment started. |
| B．They were interviewed about their personality. |
| C．They did not meet each other before. |
| D．They preferred hot to iced coffee. |
| A．To evaluate their physical condition. |
| B．To test the medical function of the pads. |
| C．To assess the impact of receiving rewards on people’s personality. |
| D．To investigate temperature’s effect on people’s psychology and behavior. |
| A．Shops selling warm items tend to earn more. |
| B．Babies learn about love more from hugs than food. |
| C．Hot drinks are essential for making a good first impression. |
| D．People with a warm personality are often physically warmer |
| A．Keep a warm heart in a cold world |
| B．“Cold hands, warm heart” really is true, scientists find |
| C．Warm hands lead to warm heart, study shows |
| D．From the hands to the heart: A self-discovery journey |
6 . Teenagers have long been told that being active and taking part in various sports is good for their health. But new research suggests that too much sport for teenagers could negatively affect their well-being just as much as too little sport.
Researchers from Switzerland say their study suggests that 14 hours of physical activity a week is best for promoting good health in teenagers. However, they found that more than 14 hours appears to be detrimental to their health. To reach their findings, the researchers surveyed more than 1,245 teenagers aged between 16 and 20 from Switzerland.
All participants were required to answer questions on height and weight, sports practice, sports injuries and well-being. Their well-being was assessed(评估) using the World Health Organization (WHO) Well-Being Index,and the average well-being score for all participants was 17.
The researchers divided sports participation into low (0—3.5 hours a week), average (3.6— 10.5 hours), high (10.6— 17.5 hours), and very high (more than 17.5 hours).The researchers found that participants in the low and very high activity groups were more than twice as likely to have well-being scores below 13, compared with participants in the average group. The researchers found that the highest well-being scores were gotten by participants who carried cut around 14 hours of physical activity a week, but exercising beyond 14 hours resulted in lower well-being scores.
Commenting on their findings, the researchers say physical activity has been connected with positive emotional well-being, reduced sadness, anxiety and stress disorders, and improved self-respect in teenagers.
The researchers suggest that their study stresses the importance for physicians caring for teenagers to check their level of sports practice and ask them about their well-being. Teenagers probably need a supportive and closer follow-up of their health and well-being. The findings can provide information for guideline groups who produce recommendations on sports practice for teenagers.
1. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Useless. | B．Important. | C．Reasonable. | D．Harmful. |
| A．To much sport is less healthy than what is traditionally believed. |
| B．Both low and high sports participation help teenagers improve confidence. |
| C．Very high activity groups tend to get higher well-being scores. |
| D．Low spirit participation is proved to be the cause of obesity. |
| A．A research paper. | B．A health magazine. |
| C．A business report. | D．A fitness diary. |
| A．Measures to improve teenagers’ well-being. |
| B．Concerns of physicians about teenagers' well-being. |
| C．Importance of physical activities on teenagers'well-being. |
| D．Relationship between sports participation and teenagers' well-being. |
7 . Most people in their eighties would consider themselves lucky not to have health problems, but this is not the case with Toshisuke Kanazawa. The 82-year-old Japanese bodybuilder is not only in perfect physical condition, but also looks better than a lot of men a quarter his age.
Kanazawa is a living example that you’re never too old to hit the gym and achieve the body you’ve always dreamed of. A champion bodybuilder in his youth, Kanazawa stopped exercising completely after he retired(退休) at age 34, drinking, smoking and eating whatever he liked. It wasn’t until he turned 50 that he wanted to regain the perfect body of his younger years.
Kanazawa’s wife felt sick frequently, and the former bodybuilder remembered that she had never been happier than when he won the national championship. So, to please her, he decided to return to the gym and completely change his diet.
His workout schedule had to change according to his age. In his youth, he would spend up to six hours training in the gym every day, and his body would recover within two days after a particularly intensive workout, but that was not the case anymore. He cut the daily gym time to three hours and started giving his body one week to recover after exercising every muscle group.
Kanazawa’s efforts paid off. In 2016, at the age of 80, Kanazawa defeated many opponents and placed sixth in the world in a match for bodybuilders over 65, and won the admiration of the crowd.
Sport keeps this elderly man healthy, as he has not suffered so much as a cold since he started bodybuilding again at age 50.
“I want to be a super old man in the bodybuilder community,” Kanazawa said, “If I have a goal, I can continue moving forward. I have to work much harder.”
1. What can we learn about Kanazawa from paragraph 2?| A．He started bodybuilding at the age of 34. |
| B．He seldom exercised when he was young. |
| C．He had serious health problems in his youth. |
| D．He developed an unhealthy lifestyle after he retired. |
| A．To make a living | B．To help change his diet. |
| C．To cheer up his wife. | D．To recover from illness. |
| A．He went on a diet. |
| B．He turned to the doctor for advice. |
| C．He combined relaxation with exercise. |
| D．He spent up to six hours training every day. |
| A．Bodybuilding: No Age Limit |
| B．Champion: The Result of Workout |
| C．Understanding: A Secret to Happiness |
| D．Exercise: The Best Medicine for Illnesses |
8 . Recently my friend invited me to her residential hall, which is an African-American themed hall. They have lots of meetings and outings there. So I thought it would be fun. On this particular day they were having a pancake breakfast, just a time to mix. I was excited to be there, too.
I walked in at a time when the mini-party was at its peak. I found my friend; excitedly, we hugged and she led me to a seat in the back. We sat there for some time. I sensed some sort of discrimination. I wondered, were we just isolating ourselves or were we facing discrimination?
My friend’s breakfast came in first, and it was a plate full of colors. My mouth watered. I have always liked rainbow dishes: they make me hungry. She let me pick pancakes and fruit; we ate and only then began to talk.
The black American contemporary music was extremely loud. Some boys and girls were beating the tables and some guys on the stage were dancing in what looked like a kind of competition.
We talked about various subjects: hair, boys, shoes and books. And then we got to it. “What do African Americans think of Africans?”
We argued. I told her I thought African Americans were haughty. Why did they sideline us? When we met in a narrow passage and our eyes met, they quickly looked aside before we greeted. Why? Weren’t we all black? I mean, wasn’t this exactly the reason why there was an African-American themed house to begin with?
Did they look down upon us because they grew up in America and we in Sub-Saharan Africa? Oh yes, I felt this was it! They believed that we were HIV-positive and that the giraffes were right behind our huts.
My friend uttered, “No!” And then she continued：
“I also thought so at one point but after living with these guys, I got to a different conclusion altogether. These guys are not from Africa. They were not born there and may have never been there. We can’t expect them to naturally like us or bond. We are different. Skin color is the skin color.”
1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that the author ________.| A．is an African American | B．is an American African |
| C．was late for the party | D．was crazy about parties |
| A．Delicious. | B．Just so-so. | C．A bit salty. | D．A little sweet. |
| A．They had a good time at the party. | B．They turned down the music for me. |
| C．Some of them broke the tables. | D．They had a competition at the party. |
| A．kind-hearted | B．modest | C．fashionable | D．proud |
| A．The author was brought up in Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| B．The friend had the same idea as the author before. |
| C．The African Americans are born in America. |
| D．The African Americans have nothing in common with Africans. |
9 . I am standing next to a five-year old girl in Pormpuraaw, a small native community in northern Australia. When I ask her to point north, she points exactly and without hesitation. My compass (指南针) says she is right. Later, back in a lecture hall at Stanford University, I make the same request of an audience of excellent professors. Many refuse; they do not know the answer.
A five-year-old in one culture can do something with ease that great scientists in other cultures struggle with. This is a big difference in cognitive (认知的) ability. What could explain it? The surprising answer, it turns out, may be language.
Around the world people communicate with one another using a variety of languages—7,000 or so all told—and each language requires very different things from its speakers. For example, suppose I want to tell you that I saw Uncle Vanya on 42nd Street. In Mian, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea, the verb I used would reveal (显示) whether the event happened just now, yesterday or in the distant past, while in Indonesia, the verb wouldn’t even give away whether it had already happened or was still coming up. In Russian, the verb would reveal my gender (性别).
Research in my lab and in many others has been uncovering how language shapes even the most basic concept (概念) of human experience: space, time, and relationships to others. Unlike English, the language spoken in Pormpuraaw does not use relative spatial (空间感的) terms such as left and right. Rather speakers talk in terms of absolute directions. Of course, in English we also use direction terms but only for large spatial scales (标度). We would not say, for example, “They set the salad forks southeast of the dinner forks!” But in Pormpuraaw, absolute directions are used at all scales. This means one ends up saying things like “the cup is southeast of the plate” or “the boy standing to the south of Mary is my brother.”
1. How does the author mainly explain the role language plays in the different cognition?| A．By giving numbers. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By describing personal experiences. | D．By presenting different viewpoints. |
| A．Her training in Stanford University. | B．The challenge from professors. |
| C．The language she speaks. | D．The English culture she absorbs. |
| A．The time. | B．The gender. | C．The space. | D．The event. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Positive. | C．Negative. | D．Objective(客观的) |
10 . What’s Happening?
Your guide to the best place to go in town.
The Art of the Camera
Beautiful exhibition from some of the best young photographers working today.
Stamford Hall, June 20th-30th
Free
Film Club
Tonight’s movie at the Young People’s Film Club is the last of the series starring the Oscar-winning actor Johnny Depp. It’s the wonderful Pirates of the Caribbean!
Starts 6:30 pm. Tickets £3
Winning Voices
More than 20 bands (乐队) play their best songs in a competition to win a great prize: a place in the national final and the chance to record a CD.
Stretford Student Centre, 6 pm
Tickets £10 and £7.5
Streetlife Dance Group
Come and see the amazing “SDG” at the Atlas Centre. Twenty-four dancers aged between 11 and 18 show off their skills in street dancing for you.
Starts 7 pm. Tickets £15
Young Vic Theatre
The final performance(演出) of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is tonight. This is your last chance to see this wonderful play. Don’t miss it.
Starts 8 pm. Tickets £9, £7 and £5.50
1. Where can you watch street dancing?| A．In Stamford Hall. | B．At the Atlas Centre. |
| C．At Young Vic Theatre. | D．At Stretford Student Centre. |
| A．See Romeo and Juliet. | B．Watch Winning Voices. |
| C．See Pirates of the Caribbean. | D．Watch Streetlife Dance Group. |
| A．Nature. | B．Arts. | C．Medicine. | D．Culture. |
