1 . I felt anxious when going into my room from school. Every day, my room was something different. The hours away at school were long enough to cause a terrible change to my peaceful harbor. Today was no exception.
As I entered the house, Mom greeted me with a smile. It seemed like nothing was wrong. But I was still doubtful about it. Yesterday, around the mouth of my favorite figurine (小雕像) was a chocolate cookie. Obviously, Callie had enjoyed the cookie so much that she wanted to share it with my angel.
I looked around for Callie, who had just turned three. I didn’t see her, but I heard the TV blaring (发出声音) in the other room. As I examined the family room, I noticed it was pretty messy. There were toys all over the floor, but none of them seemed to be mine. Maybe she hadn't entered today. I was so hopeful that I breathed a sigh of relief.
I pushed my room door open and saw damage! There were a few headless dolls, some broken blocks, and a few juice-stained stuffed animals. “She did it again!” I screamed in anger. My mother ran up to me, embarrassed. She promised to put a Callie-proof lock on my door tonight. I felt better, because I knew that soon my room would truly belong to me. However, I was still angry with my little sister so I went into the family room to tell her how she had made life unpleasant for me. “Callie... ” I started. “Hooray!” she shouted.
She leaped off the sofa and hugged my knees with such happiness that I could only look down at her and smile. After all, she was only three and learning about the world in her own way. And she always chose to explore and destroy my room because she loved me, her big sister.
1. The purpose of the first paragraph is to introduce ______.| A．the unique family tradition | B．the background of the story |
| C．the challenges of school life | D．the troubles in high school |
| A．Naughty and lovely. | B．Smart and potential. |
| C．Horrible and awkward. | D．Shallow and energetic. |
| A．She was friendly to her sister. | B．She was angry with her sister. |
| C．She refused to accept her sister’s apology. | D．She thought her sister had done nothing wrong. |
| A．Her sister’s honesty. | B．The promise to her sister. |
| C．The love between sisters. | D．Her sister’s younger age. |
2 . To snack or not to snack? That is the question for doctors and for you, as you try to decide what to do about your hungry stomach when it’s nowhere close to mealtime. The short answer is: I have the snack.
Can snacking help you drop a few pounds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger. “Your body is always talking to you — you just have to listen,” said medicine specialist Robert Graham. “So if you’re starting to feel a bit hungry, don’t wait.” But you can’t grab any old snack. Chips and cookies boost your blood sugar quickly, which leads to the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits.
Snacking is a way to add a variety of nutrients (营养) to your diet. Maya Feller, a registered dietitian nutritionist, says you can’t go wrong with a handful of mixed nuts, which can help your heart. Snacking on protein-rich foods helps to keep your muscle strong and staminal. The body can absorb only a limited amount of protein per meal, so distributing protein throughout the day via snacking can maximize protein intake.
If you’ve ever been unhappy with someone when you were hungry, you know that food can influence your mood. Snacking helps you avoid that position, resulting in fewer mood swings and better focus. Some studies have shown that healthy snacking may also improve memory and cognitive performance and help with mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. If you wait too long to eat between meals, your body thinks it’s starving and releases the stress hormone to remind you, which can produce negative moods. In addition to drinking water, snacking on fresh fruits can help your brain.
There are different ways to go about (处理) this whole snacking things. Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don’t stop at weight loss and improved health; your general approach to life might be affected. When you snack mindfully, it’s easier to take a deep breath, focus on exactly what you’re eating at that moment, and enjoy the day around you too.
1. How does the author develop the second paragraph?| A．By listing numbers. | B．By using metaphor. |
| C．By using parallel structures. | D．By giving examples. |
| A．Extreme. | B．Stressed. | C．Material. | D．Energetic. |
| A．We should have the snack instead of main meals. |
| B．Nuts and fruits may contribute to gaining weight. |
| C．Good snack can help people lose weight and improve health. |
| D．Snacking on cookies and chips can help with depression and anxiety. |
| A．Fitness. | B．Historical stories. |
| C．Culture and customs. | D．Traffic and holidays. |
3 . I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. But I’m here today because I have something important to discuss with you. I’m here because I want to talk with you about your education and what’s expected of all of you in this new school year.
And this isn’t just important for your own life and your own future. What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country. The future of our country depends on you. What you’re learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.
You’ll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment. You’ll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to build our country. You’ll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy. We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.
The circumstances of your life — what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you’ve got going on at home — none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school. That’s no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school. There is no excuse for not trying.
Where you are right now doesn’t have to determine where you’ll end up. No one’s written your future for you, because here in our country, you write your own future. You make your own future. Whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．Students adjust to their new schools easily. |
| B．Students wish they could be still on holiday. |
| C．Students decide to live up to their expectations. |
| D．Students influence the future of the whole country. |
| A．Problem solving. | B．Creativity. |
| C．Critical thinking. | D．Independent thinking. |
| A．Opportunities in creating new jobs. |
| B．Great challenges in this new school year. |
| C．The strategies of protecting environment. |
| D．The responsibilities for students’ own education. |
| A．Talk back to our teachers at all time. |
| B．Have a negative attitude in school occasionally. |
| C．Devote ourselves to whatever we are intended to do. |
| D．Make excuses for neglecting homework if necessary. |
4 . Welcome to our school. Now let's take a look at some interesting school publications（出版物）.
ColumbusIt is our literary magazine； the name shows the place where we live. Editorial training includes developing skills for critical evaluation of student creative writing. Published twice yearly, many student contributors are also recognized as Scholastic Writing Awards winners.
DiversionIt is our language publication. Published every year, it features student work presented in Mandarin, French, and Spanish: Working with advisors who teach these languages, student editors help in presenting their classmates’work including poems, essays, short stories, comic strips（连环画）and art. Diversion is often used by our language teachers in the classroom as well.
The BrunerIt is Trinity's yearbook. Serving the entire school, it is a yearly testament（证明）to the many aspects of Trinity life. Editorial positions are named in May, allowing editors to attend a two-day summer conference at NYU. This conference allows students to develop their capability to acquire knowledge before the start of the school year. Work on the yearbook begins immediately thereafter, as students work to create an impressive K-12 publication. The Trinity Times
It is the upper school newspaper, written, edited, photographed and produced entirely by students as an after-school activity. Current sections of the paper include Arts and Innovation, Trinity Life,NY Culture, Science, Opinionand Editorial, and Sports. The editorial policy is generally determined by the editorial staff and their faculty advisor.
1. How often does Diversion come out?| A．Once a month. | B．Once a year. | C．Twice a month. | D．Twice a year. |
| A．To make editorial policy. | B．To present students’poems and essays. |
| C．To train students’ ability to gain knowledge. | D．To develop students’ skills for critical assessment. |
| A．Columbus. | B．Diversion. | C．The Bruner. | D．The Trinity Times. |
5 . China has set new rules limiting the amount of time children can play online games. The rules limit children to just three hours of online game playing a week. That is one hour between 8 p. m. and 9 p. m. on Friday, Saturday and Sunday most weeks.
Li Zhanguo has two children aged 4 and 8. Even though they do not have smartphones, they enjoy playing online games. Like many other parents. Li is happy with new government rules. But experts say it is unclear if such policies can help prevent addiction to online games. Children might just get addicted to social media instead. In the end, experts say, parents should be the ones to set limits and support good practice.
There has been a growing concern in China about gaming addiction among children. Government reports in 2018 found that about one in ten Chinese children were addicted to the Internet. The new rules are part of an effort to prevent young people from spending too much time on unhealthy entertainment. That includes what officials call the “irrational fan culture”
Under the new rules, the responsibility for making sure children play only three hours a day as largely on Chinese gaming companies like Net Ease and Ten cent. Companies have set up real-name registration systems to prevent young users from going past game time limits. They have used facial recognition technology to check their identities. And they have also set up a program that permits people to report what is against the law. It is unclear what punishments gaming companies may face if they do not carry out the policies. And even if such policies are performed, it is also unclear whether they can prevent online addiction.
A specialist treating Internet addiction expects about 20 percent of children will find ways to break the rules by borrowing accounts of their older relatives and find a way around facial recognition. In his opinion, short-video alps such as Douyin and Kuaishou are also very popular in China. They are not under the same restrictions as games.
1. When can children play games according to the new rules?| A．Between 8 p. m. and 9 p. m. On Friday. | B．Between 8 p. m. and 9 p. m. On Tuesday. |
| C．Between 10 p. m. and 11 p. m. On Saturday. | D．Between 10 p. m. and all p. m. On Thursday. |
| A．the new rules can stop children’s addiction to social media |
| B．companies are more responsible for kids ‘ obeying the rules |
| C．the new rules will help prevent children playing online games |
| D．parents play a greater part in limiting the time of online games |
| A．Design an advanced program. | B．Use facial recognition systems. |
| C．Set up real-name registration systems. | D．Borrow accounts of their older relatives. |
| A．Rules Limiting Short-video alps | B．Rules Limiting Video Game Time |
| C．Rules Banning Irrational Fan Culture | D．Rules Breaking Addition to Social Media |
6 . A narrow region of the eastern Pacific Ocean has been getting colder for the past 30 years, challenging global trends and confusing many scientists. Over at least three decades, the region has cooled by roughly half a degree, which has been causing scientists to wonder how long that will hold.
The unusual phenomenon, known as the “cold tongue” is affecting a vast area of ocean west of South America. Scientists are not entirely certain what is keeping the “cold tongue” cool. Richard Seager, from the Earth Observatory at Columbia University, said one factor appears to be trade winds in the equatorial (赤道) region, which carry warm water away from the surface, stimulating cooler water to rise. “The trade winds blow from east to west across the tropical Pacific Ocean,” Seager said. “As the waters are driven away from the surface, water flows up from below. And since the waters below the surface are cold, this creates the ‘cold tongue’.”
Yet despite the effect of these winds, the “cold tongue” has puzzled scientists, because advanced climate computer models suggest that the waters should have been warming for decades at a faster rate than the rest of the Pacific due to rising greenhouse gas emissions (排放).
Pedro DiNezio of the University of Colorado Boulder, considers “It’s the most important unanswered question in climate science”. Scientists can’t predict when it will end or start warming since the cause is unknown. According to New Scientist, this has huge worldwide implications, including determining California’s permanent drought and Australia’s wildfires. More profoundly still, “it could even alter the extent of climate change globally”, the site said, “by understanding how sensitive Earth’s atmosphere is to rising greenhouse gas production”.
Despite this, the overall ocean temperatures are rising. Solving the puzzle of the “cold tongue” isn’t about proving climate models wrong. Rather, the “cold tongue” is the last big piece of the puzzle. Fit that in and we can build a more accurate picture of how life will change in a warming world-and how best to prepare for that future.
1. What may be the cause of the “cold tongue”?| A．The arrival of ocean currents. |
| B．Trade winds in the equatorial regions. |
| C．The change in the direction of water flow. |
| D．The temperature differences between sea and land. |
| A．It has lasted for many years. | B．It forms a minor ocean ecosystem. |
| C．It contradicts the global warming trend. | D．It mirrors increasing carbon emissions. |
| A．It can help predict droughts in California. |
| B．It contributes to adjusting ocean temperatures. |
| C．It can help improve the accuracy of climate models. |
| D．It offers insights into dealing with future climate events. |
| A．To stress the effect of climate change. |
| B．To introduce an unusual phenomenon. |
| C．To explain reasons for strange natural disasters. |
| D．To appeal to people to pay more attention to the ocean. |
7 . A dog’s behavior is far more influenced by environment and upbringing, according to a new study published in the journal Science.
Lead author Kathleen Morrill, a Ph. D. candidate at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and her numerous co-researchers surveyed owners of 18,385 dogs and examined 2,155 dogs’ DNA as part of the citizen science project Darwin’s Ark.
For the project, participants were given a battery of surveys to fill out about their dogs. They then received a DNA kit to collect their dogs’ saliva (唾液) and send it back to the lab for DNA testing. The information was stored in a large database that was freely shared with researchers around the world. In return, curious dog owners were sent a DNA and breed (品种) profile of their dogs.
With the data provided to them by citizen scientists, Morrill and her team presented a number of interesting findings, but the biggest was this: Breeds offer little predictive value for individuals, explaining just 9% of variation in behavior.
The researchers broke down dog behavior into eight categories: comfort level around humans, case of stimulation or excitement, affinity (喜爱) toward toys, biddability (also known as response to human training), how easily the dog is affected by a frightening stimulus, comfort level around other dogs, engagement with the environment, and desire to be close to humans. Of these behavioral characteristics, biddability and toy affinity were most linked with breeds, but the associations were slight.
The study’s findings call into question laws that target specific, supposedly “dangerous”, breeds. More than 900 cities in the U.S. currently have some breed-specific laws.
“We now have demonstrated that breed-specific laws are ineffective at protecting the public or reducing dog attacks,” Elinor Karlsson, a senior author of the study, said. “Any dog has the potential to be dangerous, regardless of its size or breed background. Because of this, dogs should not be declared dangerous based on their appearance. Instead, they should be assessed as individuals based on their behavior.”
1. How did the researchers carry out the project?| A．By using survey responses. |
| B．By interviewing dog owners face to face. |
| C．By analyzing the data offered by the university. |
| D．By comparing breed profiles of different dogs. |
| A．Engagement with the environment. | B．Response to human training. |
| C．Ease of stimulation or excitement. | D．Comfort level around humans. |
| A．A dog’s behavior is more individualistic. |
| B．Breed-specific laws should be carried out effectively. |
| C．Dog attacks have posed a deadly threat to humans. |
| D．Categorizing dogs should be based on their appearance. |
| A．Don’t ignore your dogs | B．Don’t raise dangerous dogs |
| C．Don’t judge a dog by its breed | D．Don’t evaluate a dog by its behavior |
8 . Joseph Bologne, also known as the Chevalier de Saint-Georges, is perhaps the most famous musician and composer you’ve never heard of.
Bologne was born in 1745 on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, son of an enslaved (使成为奴隶) Senegalese woman and a white plantation owner. Bologne’s father was eager for him to acquire a good education and he was sent to France to be schooled in literature and fencing. As well as showing great skill in sport, Bologne was intelligent and appealing.
As if being handsome, clever and a champion athlete wasn’t enough, Bologne was also a seriously skilled musician and composer. His main instrument was the violin, and in 1761, he was made a member of the Royal Guards as a soldier and musician. It is around this time that he became known as the Chevalier de Saint-Georges in recognition of his skill as a fencer and horseman. He was then invited to join the incredibly distinguished Concert des Amateurs as the first violinist and became its leader in 1773.
Although things were going very well for Bologne, he still experienced apparent racism. Some of the opera s leading women campaigned against having what they called “a mixed-race person” in charge of the opera. Despite this attempt to undermine his career, he fell into favour with the influential playwright Madame de Montesson, who put him in charge of her private theatre and introduced him to her husband, the Duke of Orleans. When the French Revolution (革命) broke out in 1789, Bologne sided with the revolutionaries. However, he was later imprisoned for 18 months and ultimately died in 1799 due to a severe leg injury.
Shortly after Bolognes death, Napoleon reinstated slavery in the French colonies and also banned Bologne’s music in an attempt to erase him from French history. However, Afro-Caribbean communities in France, and on Guadeloupe and Martinique have been working tirelessly to keep his legacy alive and Joseph Bologne is now enjoying a long overdue and richly deserved revival.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 2 about Bologne?| A．He was a man of determination. |
| B．He was passionate about literature. |
| C．He received great support from his father. |
| D．He had a difficult and troubled childhood. |
| A．His military service. |
| B．His exceptional athletic abilities. |
| C．His noble birth. |
| D．His musical achievements. |
| A．Bologne faced significant discrimination. |
| B．Bologne’s talents were a threat to the opera. |
| C．Bologne shouldn’t have joined the private theatre. |
| D．Bologne’s leadership suffered from a lack of foresight. |
| A．It’s being recognized and celebrated. |
| B．It’s receiving conflicting opinions. |
| C．It’s leading to a revolution in music. |
| D．It’s still being overlooked in France. |
9 . Sharks
Engage yourself in the world of Sharks! In this great exhibition created by Australian Museum experts, visitors will go back in time to meet sharks’ ancient ancestors, come face-to-face with life-size shark models ranging from the 50cm epaulette shark to the 8m whale shark, explore the contents of a shark’s stomach, play with a whale shark and uncover its extraordinary adaptation with interactive displays.
Visitors are advised to pre-book their preferred session time in advance to avoid disappointment.
Purchase your tickets now at Ticketek.com.au.
Ticket prices
Adult: $29
Child (3-15 years old): $17.50
Family (admits 4) 2A+2C / 1A+3C: $76
AM Member: 50% off; first visit FREE
Exhibition highlight
Extraordinary adaptations
In your mouth, you have 16 teeth in one neat row. The white shark has 300 teeth in five rows and can easily replace teeth lost while hunting and eating.
And what do you know about sharks amazing skin? It’s not skin at all. Sharks are covered in tiny denticles, which are closer to teeth than anything else!
You’ll see:
• The biggest fish - a life-size model of a whale shark, which can grow to 16m long.
• The fastest shark-a life-size model of the shortfin mako shark, which can reach speeds of up to 70km/hour and jump as high as 9m out of the water.
• A wet sample of the third-smallest shark-the Moller’s Lanternshark, reaching just 46cm long.
• A life-size model of the 270-million-year-old Helicoprion, known as the buzzsaw shark.
• Real, touchable shark samples from the Australian Museum collection.
1. What can visitors do in the exhibition?| A．Take part in making shark models. |
| B．See what’s inside a shark’s stomach. |
| C．Interact with an epaulette shark in person. |
| D．Consult Australian Museum experts about sharks. |
| A．$35. | B．$58. | C．$76. | D．$93. |
| A．The whale shark. | B．The buzzsaw shark. |
| C．The shortfin mako shark. | D．The Moller’s Lanternshark. |
10 . Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 创伤后应激障碍) is a mental disorder that develops among people who have experienced or observed traumatic things such as wars, disasters or other violent events. At the heart of PTSD is a memory that cannot be controlled. It can affect the everyday lives of its sufferers in forms such as flashbacks, nightmares and anxiety.
A new study done by researchers from Yale University and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City suggests that patients with PTSD process their traumatic memories differently than regular memories.
The researchers did brain scans of 28 PTSD patients. I hey asked the patients to listen to recorded narrations of their own memories. Some of the recorded memories were neutral, some were simply “sad”, and some were traumatic.
They found that when the patients listened to the sad memories, the hippocampus (海马体), which is responsible for forming memories, was activatea. But when they listened to the traumatic memories, a different area, called the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC. 后扣带回皮质), was engaged. The PCC is not a memory region. Instead, it regulates internal experiences, such as daydreaming.
The more severe PTSD symptoms are, the more active the PCC is. “The brain doesn’t look like it’s in a state of memory; it looks like it is a state of present experience.” Daniela Schiller, one of the authors of the study, told The New York Times. “That means people with PTSD feel as though they’re experiencing the traumatic event again in the present moment, rather than thinking back on it like atypical memory.”
The new finding might hold hope for new PTSD therapies (治疗). Future therapies are expected to focus on helping PTSD patients return their traumatic memories to the hippocampus so that they can treat them as regular and non-disruptive (非破坏性的) memories. Changing the ways of thinking could help the brain reduce the feeling of immediate threat caused by trauma, according to Ilan HarRaz-Rotem, one of the paper’s authors.
1. What is the core issue regarding PTSD according to the text?| A．An uncontrollable memory. | B．Brain damage. |
| C．Anxiety disorders. | D．Nightmares. |
| A．Their hippocampus was closed. |
| B．Their internal experiences were blocked. |
| C．Their PCC area became active. |
| D．Their regular memory function improved. |
| A．memory recall | B．daydreaming |
| C．current experience | D．boredom |
| A．Controlling the hippocampus. |
| B．Removing the feeling of threat. |
| C．Normalizing their traumatic memories. |
| D．Changing their brain structure. |
