1 . 【课本原文】

TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE

6 October 2015

   

This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co­winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.

Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.

One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu's team tested a collection dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure thatit was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.

According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”

1. Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.

①__________   ②________     ③_________   ④___________
2. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Tu Youyou's discovery of artemisinin and her great contributions to the medical field.

B．Tu Youyou's early life.

C．How Tu Youyou saved lives in Africa.

D．How Tu Youyou became a famous scientist.

3. What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph?

A．A great many people die from malaria every year.

B．The reason why Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize.

C．Malaria has brought much harm to the people in Africa.

D．Artemisinin is used to treat many kinds of diseases.

4. What does the word “promise” refer to in the second paragraph?

A．Discovery.	B．Possibility.
C．Activity.	D．Examination.

5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Tu Youyou was not sure about the value of traditional Chinese medicine.

B．Tu Youyou and her team had tested many times before they succeeded.

C．Tu Youyou was modest and was proud of traditional Chinese medicine.

D．Tu Youyou was clever and determined while doing some research.

6. Where does this text probably come from?

A．A TV interview.	B．A medical report.
C．A book review.	D．A newspaper.

7. 标出句中含有决心意志的词汇
①Their project got stuck.However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.______
②After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.________
③Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe._____
8. 在课文中找出人物描写的句子
①___________________________________________
②___________________________________________
③___________________________________________

3 . 【课本原文】

Like Father, Like Son

(The living room. Friday night. A table and two chairs at front centre. Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess.)
Grandfather：And...I win!
(Son enters room.)
Father：Not again! Oh look, here comes my boy. How are you, son?
Son：(nervously approaching the table) Erm... Dad, can we talk?
Father：Sure! You know you can always turn to your dad for a chat.
Son：OK. Here it is. I’ve decided not to go to university. I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.
Father：(raising his voice in surprise) You can’t be serious! What about your future career as a lawyer?!
Son：I knew you’d say that. You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only because you are a lawyer.
Father：What’s wrong with being a lawyer? Lawyers help people and are respected by others.
Son：Yes, but I’m not interested in law. I want to work in a studio, not a court.
Grandfather：(looking at Father) Calm down. OK?
Father：(ignoring Grandfather’s words) Stop daydreaming ! Playing in a band is not a job.
Son：Of course it is! The music industry is developing fast now. Making music is a job.
Grandfather：(stepping between Father and Son and raising his voice) Hey! I told you to calm down, both of you!
Father：But I told him to study something useful at university!
Grandfather：(laughing) Easy, son! I remember when you were his age, you said that you wanted to be a professional football player.
Father：And you wanted me to be an engineer!
Grandfather：I just wanted you to be happy, and an engineer—a happy engineer.
Father：But in the end, you just advised me to think carefully.
Grandfather：Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents. I’m so proud of you. Your son is proud of you, too.
Son：Of course I am, but I have different talents.
Grandfather：(turning to Son) Why don’t you also take my advice and think carefully before jumping in with both feet?
Son：Well, I could try...
Grandfather：If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two options for your future. And I’m sure playing in a band will help you make lots of new friends at university.
Father：Yes, lots of new lawyer friends!
Son：(with a sigh) Dad...
(Curtain)
1. What does the conversation mainly talk about?

A．The relationship between family members.

B．Grandpa’s suggestion on the future job.

C．The disagreement between Father and Son in choosing a future job.

D．The future development of the boy’s music band.

2. Why does the son want to have a career in music?

A．Because he shows interest in it.

B．Because he doesn’t want to go to university.

C．Because he wants to have a good income.

D．Because his grandfather wants him to do so.

3. What does the sentence “You can’t be serious!” mean?

A．The father isn’t serious.

B．The son isn’t serious.

C．The father doesn’t understand the son’s words.

D．The father is surprised at his son’s words.

4. Which of the following is similar to “jump in with both feet”?

A．Give up.	B．Begin something.
C．Act in a hurry.	D．Do a kind of sport.

5. What do we know from the end of the text?

A．The son does not take his grandfather’s advice.

B．The son is disappointed at his father’s words.

C．The son and his father reach an agreement.

D．The father doesn’t agree with the grandfather.

6. 细读短文并找出人物心理及动作描写的表达
①_____________________________________________________________________________
②_____________________________________________________________________________
③_____________________________________________________________________________
④_____________________________________________________________________________

4 . SAREK NATIONAL PARK—EUROPE’S

HIDDEN NATURAL TREASURE

1 A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps

I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. I’m above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7：30 a．m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. I’m in the remote far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns.

2 A Land of Mountains and Ice

Sarek’s mountains used to be covered by vast sheets of ice. Around 9, 000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek.In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development is banned within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding on grass.

3 Man at Peace with Nature

For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. They used the reindeer’s meat for food, their bones for tools, and their skin for making clothes and tents. Since reindeer were always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them. Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live a modern life just like their neighbours. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. I am not a Sami, but in Sarek I’ve adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire, dried reindeer meat, and some sweet and sour berries that I found growing near my tent.

4 A Land of Adventure

After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. Since I must carry all of my food and supplies with me, my bag weighs about 30 kilograms. If today is anything like yesterday, it will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of the valley.   However, I cannot complain. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive. Here I am, alone under this broad sky, breathing the fresh air, and enjoying this great adventure. What could be better?

1. Match the main idea with each paragraph.

A. A Land of Mountains and Ice B. Man at Peace with Nature C. A Land of Adventure D. A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps

Para.1.   ____   　Para.2.   ____   
Para.3.   ____   　Para.4.   ____
2. What is the text mainly about?

A．The Arctic Circle.	B．The Sami people.
C．The reindeer.	D．A fascinating park.

3. How many hours a day does the sun shine in summer in Sarek?

A．12.

B．8.

C．24.

D．4.

4. The Sami didn’t use the reindeer for            .

A．transport

B．clothes

C．tools

D．food

5. How can we describe the author’s feeling during his adventure?

A．Hard and annoyed.	B．Easy and relaxed.
C．Easy but depressed.	D．Hard but delighted.

6. This passage is likely to come from            .

A．a popular science article	B．a travel journal
C．a research report	D．a geographic magazine

7. 找出人物情绪描写词汇
①However, I cannot complain.________　
②Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive._________　
③Here I am, alone under this broad sky, breathing the fresh air, and enjoying this great adventure.   ________
8. 找出环境描写的句子
①_______________________________________________________________________________
②_______________________________________________________________________________
③_______________________________________________________________________________
④_______________________________________________________________________________

7 . 【课本原文】

LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK

We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.

Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast， eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.

The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.

Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”，and nodding means “yes”．By comparison，in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else.

Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.

Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help，or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.

1. Match the main idea with each part.

A．The same gesture may have different meanings in different countries. B．Smiling has many different uses. C．Body language varies from culture to culture. D．Both words and body language are of importance in interactions with others. E．Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere.

Part 1(Para.1)   ____   Part 2(Para.2)   ______   Part 3(Paras.3－4)   ______   
Part 4(Para.5)   ______   Part 5(Para.6)   ______
2. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Communication.	B．Spoken language.
C．Body language.	D．Different cultures.

3. In which country do people disapprove of eye contact?

A．In America.

B．In China.

C．In many Middle Eastern countries.

D．In many Asian countries.

4. What is the purpose of the second paragraph?

A．To tell us how important body language is.

B．To show an identical gesture may have different meanings in different cultures.

C．To stop men and women making eye contact while talking.

D．To remind us to look down while talking to an older person to show respect.

5. What can we know from Paragraph 1?

A．Words speak louder than body language.

B．Body language is more useful than words.

C．People prefer to express their feelings in words.

D．Body language plays an important role in daily communication.

6. How does the text develop?

A．By giving examples.

B．By giving data.

C．By giving definition.

D．By analysing facts.

7. 找出描述微笑重要性的句子
(1)____________________________________________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________________________________
(3)____________________________________________________________________________
(4)____________________________________________________________________________
(5)____________________________________________________________________________

9 . My cat wasn’t just my best friend, but she thought she was my protector. I once lounged under a tree, reading a book, while my cat sat across the lawn. When a small dog happened by, staring me in the face, my cat thought I was in danger. She raced across the lawn, all puffed up, meowing furiously to make the dog leave. ________________

A．My cat watched over me in the same way that I took care of her.

B．A feline (猫科动物) is a marvel of grace and ferocity (残忍) in the same lovely package.

10 . 【课文原文】

FIRST AID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins,   and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.

CAUSES OF BURNS

You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.

TYPES OF BURNS

Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.

·First­degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.

·Second­degree burns   These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.

·Third­degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS

First­degree burns

·dry, red, and mildly swollen

·mildly painful

·turn white when pressed

Second­degree burns

·red and swollen; blisters; watery surface

·extremely painful

Third­degree burns

·black and white

·swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen

·little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn

FIRST­AID TREATMENT

①Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.

②Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.

③Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.

④Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

⑤If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.

⑥If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

1. What's the main idea of the text?

A．The burns and first aid treatment.	B．The characteristics of burns.
C．The functions of the skin.	D．How to carry out first aid for burns.

2. Match the main idea with each part.

A．the three types of burns B．what to do if someone gets burned C．the functions of the skin D．the symptoms of burns E．how we get burns

Para.1________   Para.2________   Paras.3－6________   Para.7________   Paras.8－13________
3. What are the characteristics of first degree burns?

A．Black and white and charred.	B．Rough, red and swollen.
C．Rough, red and dry.	D．Dry, red and mildly swollen.

4. Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns?

A．Steam and radiation.	B．The moon and the sun.
C．Fire and electricity.	D．Hot liquids and chemicals.

5. If burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin, someone must         .

A．be sent to hospital at once

B．be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediately

C．be undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean, dry bandage

D．be asked not to drink any water

6. Why should we dry the burned area gently?

A．Because the person will cry.

B．Because rubbing may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.

C．Because the burns are on the face.

D．Because it will make the person feel good.

7. Complete the form according to the text.

First Aid for Burns

Something about the_________

_________of burns

_________of burns

_________of burns

First-aid__________

8. Analyze and translate the sentences.
(1). Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause in fection.
(2). If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.