1 . After learning about these famous women, you’ll know you can do a lot for society no matter what. You don’t need to be in a specific field, time or environment to make a difference to the world in your lifetime.
Amelia Earhart (1897－1937)
Amelia Earhart was the first woman who ever flew alone across the Atlantic in 1932. She became the first woman pilot in 1935 after flying from Hawaii to California. She began her lifelong dream of flying across the world in 1937. However, her flight went missing on that trip and she was never seen again.
Helena Rubinstein (1870－1965)
Helena Rubinstein moved to Australia in 1902 without the ability to speak English. Later, she founded one of the world’s first cosmetic (化妆品) companies after mixing lanolin, which is an oil that comes from sheep’s wool, with flowers. Because of that, she became the world’s richest woman at the time.
Katharine Hepburn (1907－2003)
Katharine Hepburn was known for playing strongwilled women in her films. She won four Academy Awards for Best Actress, the most an actress has ever won. Her new dress style made wearing trousers acceptable to women, which wasn’t allowed at that time.
Emmeline Pankhurst (1858－1928)
Emmeline was an influential woman activist, who helped British women get the right to vote. She fought along with her husband for the rights of women all the time in the late 19th century and early 20th century. After she lost her husband, she teamed up with her three daughters and formed The Women Social and Political Union, which was best known as the suffragettes (women’s right to vote).
1. What was the problem for Helena at first when she moved to Australia?| A．She didn’t know how to make up. | B．She didn’t have money. |
| C．She didn’t have work experience. | D．She couldn’t speak English. |
| A．Patient. | B．Friendly. | C．Honest. | D．Determined. |
| A．A pioneering spirit. | B．A creative mind. | C．A good education. | D．A warm heart. |
2 . When we do not understand each other’s language, we can talk with the help of body language.
A Frenchman was once travelling in England. He could not speak English at all.One day he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it and took them out again. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat.” The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The man moved his head from side to side.The waiter understood him and took the tea away. In a moment he came again with a cup of coffee and put it on the table. The man again refused his offer. He shook his head whenever the waiter brought him something to drink. When the man was going away, another man came in. This man saw the waiter,and he put his hands on his stomach. That was enough. In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the table in front of him.
1. According to the passage,when people do not understand each other’s language,they can talk with the help of .| A．a waiter | B．a translator | C．body language | D．an English-speaker |
| A．to translate the words | B．to tell him what he said |
| C．to bring him a cup of coffee | D．to ask him for food |
| A．a cup of tea, a cup of coffee and a lot of other drinks |
| B．a large plate of meat and vegetables |
| C．a bill of fare |
| D．a piece of paper and a pen for him to write down the words |
| A．people can only understand the language of words |
| B．people can understand each other with the help of the language of signs as well as the language of words |
| C．people can make clear the language of the waiter and the translator |
| D．people can understand the native language |
3 . Below are four environmental activists in the 21st century who have been using the Internet effectively to create awareness about environment related issues and launch various environmental campaigns.
Dick Strawbridge
Birthdate: September 3,1959
Birthplace: Myanmar, Burma
Dick Strawbridge is a British engineer, television personality, and former army officer. In 1993,he was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire for his service in Northern Ireland. After his military career, Strawbridge has established himself as a TV personality, appearing on several TV programs. He is popularly referred to as Colonel Dick in the media.
Jean-Michel Cousteau
Birthdate: May 6,1938
Birthplace: Toulon
He is a French environmentalist, oceanographic explorer, film producer, and educator. He is also a devoted advocate of a world without nuclear weapons. Cousteau is also credited with founding an education organization and marine conservation called Ocean Futures Society. Inspired by his documentary Voyage to Kure, President George W. Bush took measures to safeguard the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.
Vandana Shiva
Birthdate: November 5, 1952
Birthplace: Dehradun
Indian environmental activist and physicist Vandana Shiva is known for her anti-GMO (反转基因) campaigns. She is the founder of RFSTN, which promotes sustainable agriculture, and is against globalization. She developed an interest in environmentalism after witnessing a forest at her hometown being cleared for a project.
Medha Patkar
Birthdate: December 1,1954
Birthplace: Mumbai
Medha Patkar is an Indian social activist known for her work concerning several agricultural issues raised by farmers in India. She is also known for popularizing the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) movement which opposes the construction of large dams across the Narmada River. Medha Patkar is the recipient(接收者)of many awards including the Mother Teresa Award.
1. What can be known about Dick Strawbridge?| A．He once served in the army. | B．He directed many TV programs. |
| C．He established himself as a lawyer. | D．He was the oldest of the four activists. |
| A．Dick Strawbridge’s personality. | B．Medha Patkar’s NBA movement. |
| C．Vandana Shiva’s life experience. | D．Jean-Michel Cousteau’s documentary. |
| A．They object to building large dams across rivers. |
| B．They work to deal with the issues related to agriculture. |
| C．They are social activists known for anti-GMO campaigns. |
| D．They are winners of the Mother Teresa Award. |
4 . Extremely energetic light from space is an unexplained wonder. Scientists don’t know where that light comes from, exactly. And now astronomers have spotted this light, called gamma (伽马) rays, at higher energies than ever before.
You can’t see gamma rays with your naked eyes (肉眼). They are much more energetic than the light that we can see. So you need a fancy detector to spot them. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, LHAASO, is an experiment in China. It searches for extremely high energy gamma rays.
Scientists have spotted 12 gamma-ray hot spots. These are parts of the sky from which the gamma rays are sent out. Those hot spots show that our galaxy (银河系), the Milky Way, has powerful particle accelerators (粒子加速器). But those particle accelerators aren’t made by humans. Instead, they come from violent events in the universe. They might be exploding stars, for example. Such violent events make electric and magnetic fields, which can speed up protons (质子) and electrons. Those fast particles can then produce gamma rays with a lot of energy. That can happen when protons interact with other matter in space, for example.
Scientists aren’t sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed. But the new observations point to two possibilities. One hot spot was associated with the Crab Nebula. That’s the remains of an exploded star. Another possible source was the Cygnus Cocoon. That’s a region where massive stars are forming. The stars send out strong winds in the process.
LHAASO is located on Haizi Mountain in China’s Sichuan province. It is not yet fully operational. It’s due to be completed later this year. Then, it could find even more gamma rays.
1. What can we learn about gamma rays?| A．They are invisible to our naked eyes. | B．They are often ignored. |
| C．They contain little energy. | D．They can be explained. |
| A．To make the explanation lively. |
| B．To help understand the Milky Way. |
| C．To show the universe is expanding. |
| D．To show how gamma rays might be produced. |
| A．Disappointing. | B．Exciting. | C．Accurate. | D．Uncertain. |
| A．There will be more gamma rays. |
| B．The universe is exploding with great energy. |
| C．Astronomers have spotted gamma rays with higher energy. |
| D．Gamma rays can only be seen by astronauts. |
5 . From a global perspective, there are traditional cultures that stand out because they have roots in ancient civilizations.
The Italian Culture
Known all over the world for Renaissance(文艺复兴)art, Italy receives many tourists annually, The Italians possess a rich culture in art, architecture and cuisine(菜肴). A popular trẩdition within the Italian culture is putting music and dance into most of their activities whether in family celebrations, semi-formal events or community festivals.
The French Culture
To the world, the French culture includes good food, excellent art and beautiful locations. The French are known for their talent for romance. On top of that, the French have established themselves as a fashion capital. In a year, France receives millions of tourists, thus indicating people’s strong interest in the French way of life.
The Spanish Culture
The country is proud of artistic heritage. Examples of cultural practices in Spain include the love of religious festivals and other cultural festivities. The Spaniards are fond of a good party because the whole community gets involved. La Tomatina is a festival known worldwide where people throw tomatoes at each other for fun. Tourists love Spain, which is clear from millions of people who visited the county.
The Chinese Culture
The Chinese culture is among the oldest cultures around the world, hence its rich history and traditions. This interesting culture dating back thousands of years has a great influence on philosophy, etiquette, art and moral values. The Chinese also present the world with unique architectural, political and religious systems. Unique qualities in Chínese cultural tradition examples include a harmonious family. Children are expected to be filial(孝顺的)to their parents even in old age making sure they get everything they need. In the Chinese culture, people hold the elderly in high regard. Therefore, there is no room for disrespect.
1. What can we learn about the Italians?| A．Their food is full of red pepper. |
| B．Their life is filled with music and dance. |
| C．They eat tomatoes in family celebrations. |
| D．They have established a romantic capital. |
| A．Italian. | B．French. | C．Spanish. | D．Chinese. |
| A．Culture. | B．Figure. | C．Movie. | D．Science. |
6 . How do you decide where to travel? How do you find good deals on flights and accommodations? The best travel apps answer all these questions.
Hopper
Hopper is an app you definitely want to use while you’re planning a trip and before you buy any tickets. It tracks flight prices and gives you clear advice on the best time to buy tickets. You can book through Hopper, too, with a commission fee of 25 dollars.
Roadtrippers
Find interesting places to stop during a road trip with the appropriately named Roadtrippers. With this app, you can explore the unusual roadside attractions, museums, amusement parks and more. When you find a site you like, just add it to your trip, and Roadtrippers draws your route accordingly. You need to pay $29.99 per year to download maps and add unlimited stops along your route.
TripCase
TripCase is a free app that helps you organize your trip. To make an itinerary (旅行日程), you forward travel confirmation emails to TripCase, and the app does the rest, including flights, accommodations, rental cars, restaurant reservations, and more. The next time you launch the app, an organized trip is waiting for you.
Airbnb
With 20 dollars, Airbnb helps you find a place to crash, whether it’s a simple room in someone’s home or a luxurious beachfront property. The app also offers other kinds of bookings for travelers, such as tours, classes, and workshops.
1. What can you do with Hopper?| A．Get your flight tickets for free. |
| B．Draw your route according to your likes. |
| C．Find when to buy a flight ticket with the least money. |
| D．Compare the costs of different accommodations. |
| A．They provide bookings for classes. |
| B．They give you an organized trip. |
| C．They help you find accommodations. |
| D．They recommend attractions. |
| A．Hopper. |
| B．Roadtrippers. |
| C．TripCase. |
| D．Airbnb. |
7 . Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly.
“The key message from my perspective is that you can't really have your cake and eat it,” says Laurence Smith, now at the Royal Agricultural University in the UK, who was part of the team that ran the numbers. Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”, but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.
Farming and changes in land use, such as cutting down forests, are responsible for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming.
Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are, on average, 20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products. However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods.
The estimated increase in emissions varies greatly, depending on where the extra farmland comes from. If only half comes from turning grassland into farms, the increase could be as low as 20 per cent. If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland, emissions could nearly double.
This doesn't necessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce, says Smith. People might choose organic food for other reasons, such as to reduce their pesticide exposure (though contrary to popular belief, organic farmers do use pesticides) or for the sake of wildlife.
Going 100 per cent organic could also harm global biodiversity. The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented (碎片化的).
Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.
1. Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a country goes organic?| A．Organic farms take longer to build. |
| B．The agricultural output will increase greatly. |
| C．The emissions of each farm unit will increase. |
| D．Greater demand for imported food will be created. |
| A．Changes. | B．Challenges. | C．Advantages. | D．Differences. |
| A．Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests. |
| B．Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country. |
| C．Global warming could be brought under control. |
| D．Land was not used in a responsible way. |
| A．Stopping using pesticides. |
| B．Eating less organic produce. |
| C．Going back to traditional farming. |
| D．Adopting mixed farming methods. |
8 . Tokyo may be one of those places that you love and hate at the same time. In Tokyo, there are always too many people in the places where I want to go. There are also too many cars. Tokyo drivers often spend a long time in the busy street, just like drivers in London, Paris and New York.
Tokyo also has a lot of people on foot, and sometimes it is really difficult to walk in the street. The worst time in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is because the nightclubs are closing at that time and everybody wants to go home then. There are 35,000 nightclubs in Tokyo, and usually none of them is empty at night.
During the day, most people go to work by train. Six million train tickets are sold every year in Tokyo. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes, but at certain hours it is not enough at all. Although trains are always crowded, they are very good in many ways. They always leave and arrive on time. In London trains, you may see everybody reading a newspaper. But in Tokyo trains, everybody seems to be sleepy, no matter whether his journey is long or short. If you stand outside the station for five minutes, there will be three fire engines(消防车) going past you. They are on the way to one of the fires that Tokyo has every day. Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now.
1. In London, Paris and New York, there are _____ in the street.| A．a few trains | B．many trains |
| C．too many cars | D．no cars |
| A．They seldom leave and arrive on time. |
| B．They are important traffic tools for Japanese. |
| C．They are good for reading. |
| D．They are not crowded. |
| A．It is very good |
| B．Just so so |
| C．It isn’t very good |
| D．It is very bad |
| A．The writer likes Tokyo more than he hates |
| B．The writer hates Tokyo more than he likes |
| C．The writer wants to leave Tokyo as soon as possible |
| D．The writer has got used to the life in Tokyo |
9 . Earth is our home, which provides us with the necessary environment and space for living. Everyone has a duty to protect Earth.
Emily has devoted her life to solving the issue of plastic pollution, which all started because of a fateful trip over a decade ago. After graduating from Cambridge University with a degree in architecture, Emily headed to Australia for work, hitchhiked (搭顺风车) around the world on a boat to get there. However, she never ended up taking that job.
Instead, Emily, shocked by finding plastic in some of the most remote places on our planet during her journey, went to live in the Pacific Islands for six months to help organize a cleanup. Since then, she has travelled all over the world studying plastic pollution and inspiring others to make a positive impact.
In 2014, Emily co-founded an organization that inspires all-female sailing research expeditions (探险), giving all members the experience to create change in their own communities.
Emily also wanted to see the internal (体内的) impact of the plastic she was fighting, and was shocked to find that many of the chemicals were in her bloodstream as well. The discovery led Emily to realize that the problem of plastic pollution is actually quite a women-centered issue. ”As a woman, having these chemicals inside your body when you’re pregnant is really bad news and you can actually pass them onto your children when you give birth,“ she said.
“The more time I spend at sea, the more I realize the solutions to plastic pollution start on land. There’s no silver bullet to completely solve the problem, but there are hundreds of ways to deal with it,” she explained.
“Now so many people, companies and governments want to take action. This is hugely inspiring and has become my biggest reason for getting up every day, to do the most I possibly can to attract and enable those people. The awareness is there, now it’s time to aet!” said Emily.
1. What was Emily’s purpose of travelling to Australia in the beginning?| A．To take a job. | B．To settle down there. |
| C．To go on a journey. | D．To study plastic pollution. |
| A．Create their own communities. | B．Experience the life of sailing on oceans. |
| C．Make efforts to affect their communities. | D．Discover their own potential and advantages. |
| A．valuable metal | B．perfect way |
| C．right person | D．suitable organization |
| A．Effortless. | B．Meaningless. | C．Fruitful. | D．Passive. |
10 . Each dog is an individual and will have variances in their personality, meaning that there is no guarantee that the puppy you bring home will be a perfect fit. These are our best recommendations.
Australian Shepherd
Contrary to their name, the Australian Shepherd is actually an American kind. If you are planning to keep larger animals on your homestead, having a shepherd dog to help you control them is a must. Australian Shepherds are quick, light on their feet and highly intelligent.
This rapid intelligence also makes them excellent at trick training if you ever want to branch out and teach them to do other things.
American Labrador
Their love of the outdoors combined with their happy-go-lucky personalities makes them a great match for the homestead lifestyle, which makes them suitable for the elderly at home.
Though they have a love of chasing, Labradors make a great homestead dog as they have a very low chase drive. This means they are incredibly unlikely to chase and injure your animals.
Mastiff
Though they are not as intelligent as some of other kinds on this list, having a Mastiff on your homestead can act as a deterrent (威慑作用) for others. Providing a shelter for your mastiff-type dog to stay outside with your animals will cause any stealers to think twice before entering your property.
Great Pyrenees
Great Pyrenes have a very little desire to dig, so your vegetable patches are safe.
Equally, they have little desire to chase, and so your domestic animals are safe. Their naturally protective nature means they are happy to work as guard dogs, protecting all of them from stealers.
1. What can we know about Australian Shepherds?| A．They like the outdoors. |
| B．They are less intelligent. |
| C．They work as guard dogs. |
| D．They are good at trick training. |
| A．Australian Shepherd. |
| B．American Labrador. |
| C．Mastiff. |
| D．Great Pyrenees. |
| A．They have little desire to chase. |
| B．They love to live with other animals. |
| C．They can help protect your property. |
| D．They get protective skills from humans. |
