1 . The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations, with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship. In the beginning, the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity — from sports to science or the arts — is purely for pleasure. Amateurs, whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professionals, in contrast, perform their work in order to earn a living.
From the perspective of many athletes, however, the Olympic playing field has been far from level. Restricting the Olympics to amateurs has precluded (排除) the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always desired to send their best athletes, not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.
A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed (补偿) for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gold and a bronze medal. College scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee made it possible for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.
In 1971 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.
There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games lost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an “amateur” will continue for a long time.
1. One might infer that _______________________.| A．developing Olympic-level skills in athletes is costly |
| B．professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewards |
| C．amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is played |
| D．amateurs athletes have a better attitude than professionals do |
| A．the ground the athletes played on was in bad condition |
| B．the poorer players were given some advantages |
| C．the rules did not work the same way for everyone |
| D．amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways |
| A．a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthday |
| B．money received from a winning lottery ticket |
| C．an allowance paid to someone |
| D．Money from charity organization |
| A．has held firm to its original vision of the Olympic games |
| B．has struggled with the definition of amateur over the years |
| C．regards itself as an organization for professional athletes only |
| D．did nothing but stop allowing communists to participate |
2 . I’ve learned a lot in my many years in the gym, and beginner-me would be shocked by the things present-me does during the workouts.
Rest days are a convenient tool for making sure you’re not overworking yourself, but that’s all. Organizations like the American College of Sports Medicine recommend leaving 48 hours between intense strength-training periods for a given muscle.
The “10% rule” is a not-terrible guideline for figuring out how quickly to improve your training.
| A．But if you look at where they get that number |
| B．You can just eat more protein-containing foods |
| C．There are a few supplements that can help you in your fitness journey |
| D．Or they may keep you at the same mileage for weeks at a time |
| E．But it’s a suggestion, not a rule to be strictly obeyed |
| F．And finally, drinks can give you more energy in the gym |
| G．With the benefit of experience, I now do exercises I used to think one should “never” do |
1. Who will the man raise money to help?
| A．The disabled. |
| B．The homeless. |
| C．Those with heart problems. |
| A．He will receive some training. |
| B．He will go back to his hometown. |
| C．He will run up a mountain in Canada. |
| A．Mother and son. | B．Trainer and athlete. | C．Friends. |
4 . Chris Turnbull, 39, finished the touching 3,856 km run on September 16, in the Sydney suburb of Manly, becoming the quickest runner from Perth to Sydney. He
Mr Turnbull had a(n)
Mr Turnbull had run every single day from his beachside home in the Sydney suburb of Clontarf to his
With his 40th birthday
To make it in record time, Mr Turnbull was running between 100 km and 105 km daily.He had to
Mr Turnbull’s wife, along with their two kids, had been tracking his
| A．hit | B．beat | C．refused | D．defended |
| A．set | B．accept | C．hold | D．offer |
| A．compared | B．limited | C．committed | D．accustomed |
| A．fancy | B．invitation | C．excuse | D．request |
| A．skilled | B．amazed | C．expert | D．present |
| A．hospital | B．office | C．restaurant | D．school |
| A．persuaded | B．promised | C．inspired | D．advanced |
| A．support | B．cheat | C．test | D．bother |
| A．on hand | B．in advance | C．in the air | D．at an end |
| A．adjust | B．challenge | C．encourage | D．keep |
| A．lose control of | B．take charge of | C．put up with | D．play jokes on |
| A．guilty | B．aware | C．independent | D．incapable |
| A．target | B．progress | C．performance | D．purpose |
| A．eagerly | B．impatiently | C．permanently | D．peacefully |
| A．gesture | B．touch | C．hug | D．glance |
I had always dreamed of winning the school marathon. Ever since I joined the running team in freshman year, I had trained hard to improve my speed. I knew it wouldn’t be easy. There were many strong runners in my grade, and some of them had more experience and skills than me.
The day of the race finally came. I was nervous but excited. I put on my running shoes and headed to the starting line. I saw my competitors, some of them looking confident, some of them looking worried. I tried to relax myself and pay attention to my own running. The coach gave us some last-minute advice and encouragement. He told us to do our best and not give up.
The whistle (哨子) blew and we were off. I rushed ahead, trying to get a good position. I felt the wind in my face. I heard the cheers of the crowd (人群) and the footsteps of the other runners. I kept running, pushing myself to do my best.
After running for a while, I realized that I was in the lead. I couldn’t believe it. I had never been in this situation before. But then I also felt a sense of fear. What if I couldn’t keep it up? What if someone caught up with me? What if I fell?
I tried to shake off these negative thoughts and pay attention to the finish line. But it was getting harder and harder. My legs were burning and my heart was pounding. I thought that I had lost the race. I thought that I had let myself down and everyone who supported me. I felt like giving up.
注意：1. 续写词数应为70左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But then the reason for running in the first place came to mind.
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6 . Hangzhou, China—a stunning opening ceremony laden with Hangzhou characteristics amazed the world on Saturday, as President Xi Jinping declared the 19th Asian Games open.
With the city’s profound history, culture and its modern image presented in an eye-catching and high-tech fashion, the opening show helped to express the host’s warm hospitality and its wish to unite the world through sports. Following an opening performance depicting the autumn equinox (秋分), one of China’s 24 solar terms that celebrates the harvest season, over 50,000 spectators burst into cheers as Xi announced the opening of the Hangzhou Games, making the Zhejiang provincial capital the third Chinese city to host the continental sporting gala, following Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Wang Hao, president of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou Organizing Committee, said Hangzhou is honored to play host to such a grand event, which started on September 23rd. Raja Randhir Singh, the acting president of the Olympic Council of Asia, showed appreciation for the Chinese host’s meticulous (细心的) organization in his speech. “You have done a fantastic job in preparing for the Asian Games. The one-year postponement due to the pandemic was unprecedented in OCA history, but your diligence and determination will bear fruit over the next 16 days and you will be rewarded with the most magnificent and successful Asian Games ever,” said Singh.
Supported by new technologies, the Hangzhou ceremony boasted many historic firsts. For the first time in China, organizers switched from a traditional fireworks show to a virtual display, projected (放映) onto a giant curtain screen the size of nine IMAX screens.
To adhere to the principle of delivering the greenest possible Games, zero-emission methanol was used to fuel all of the torches and the main cauldron. For the finale, hundreds of millions of virtual sparks, each representing a participant of the online torch relay, formed the shape of a human torchbearer, who ran into the stadium to light the main cauldron together with the physical relay’s final bearer — Zhejiang native and Olympic champion swimmer, Wang Shun.
1. Why was the autumn equinox depicted at the beginning of the Hangzhou Asian Games Opening Ceremony?| A．Because Hangzhou wants to show its warm hospitality. |
| B．Because Hangzhou wishes to unite the world through sports. |
| C．Because Hangzhou highlights the history of China. |
| D．Because Hangzhou wishes participants a good harvest in the game. |
| A．It is the fourth time that China has hosted the Asian Games. |
| B．The Asian Games was supposed to be held in 2022. |
| C．Wang Hao sang high praise for the organization of the game. |
| D．Raja Randhir Singh was responsible for the organization of the game. |
| A．By fueling all torches and the main cauldron with coal. |
| B．By displaying virtual fireworks and demonstrating the history of the city. |
| C．By employing zero-emission methanol and installing a giant curtain screen. |
| D．By representing a participant of the online torch relay |
| A．Technology and Tradition Combine for the Hangzhou Opening Gala |
| B．History Goes Down in the Hangzhou Opening Gala |
| C．Meticulous Organization is Praised by the World |
| D．Best Wishes are Conveyed in the Hangzhou Opening Gala |
7 . I had been skiing since childhood. I’d
When I reached the top of the blue trails — only chairlift (缆椅), though, something in the atmosphere
It
One afternoon, I took a chairlift with a retired ski
Bob
“You’re skiing better already!” he shouted at me.
“Thank you!” I yelled back.
Then I skied a few more feet and
| A．frequently | B．rarely | C．mostly | D．steadily |
| A．submitted | B．reduced | C．stuck | D．restricted |
| A．tackle | B．declare | C．change | D．skip |
| A．continued | B．emerged | C．conflicted | D．disappeared |
| A．refreshed | B．sensitive | C．alien | D．harmonious |
| A．took on | B．turned out | C．held on | D．worked out |
| A．trend | B．custom | C．prejudice | D．evidence |
| A．pain | B．influence | C．bonus | D．award |
| A．official | B．director | C．constructor | D．instructor |
| A．offered | B．learned | C．managed | D．preferred |
| A．urged | B．reminded | C．guaranteed | D．stimulated |
| A．similar | B．regular | C．random | D．effective |
| A．unlocking | B．switching | C．testing | D．suspending |
| A．anxious | B．awkward | C．aimless | D．early |
| A．fell | B．balanced | C．proceeded | D．abandoned |
8 . A fourth-grade star athlete has made headlines for keeping up with high schoolers. However, it’s not for the honor. The selfless student is a guide runner for a blind autistic (患自闭症的) teen who needs a helping hand on the cross-country track.
Rebel Hays, 11, of Fayetteville, Arkansas, stepped up as a guide runner for a ninth-grader, Paul Scot, when West Fork High School put out a call for volunteers. Paul, their student, wanted to compete.
As they ran together, the pair became good friends. “Paul and Rebel’s story is so much more than running,” said Rebel’s mother, Lou Ann. “Paul doesn’t have many friends, so Rebel doesn’t just guide him a traces. They also spend time together,” she said, telling jokes. “Paul is grateful for his young guide’s direction.” “Rebel directs me whether there’s a ditch (沟)or there are hills, who encourages me to run faster.” Paul said.
In honor of their partnership, West Fork High School wrote a post on Facebook. Posting on Oct.6, 2021, after a 5K race at Chile Pepper where the boys achieved a personal record of 21 minutes, school representatives explained, “Rebel Hays has been helping Paul all season long. He is a promising runner, but more importantly, he has a huge heart! Thank you, Rebel! Thank you a lot!”
According to Mile Split Arkansas, Paul said that his goal this year was to break 21 minutes; however, they missed it at Chile Pepper but achieved it at Yan Buren Pointer Classic, finishing with a time of 20:59:44. With the help and direction from Rebel, Paul finished 59th out of 135 runners in the 3A boys race at the state Meet in Hot Springs in early November. Paul still has one more year of eligibility (资格) for cross-country and has now set a new goal of under 20 minutes.
1. What did Rebel do as a guide runner to help Paul?| A．He competed with Paul to break records. |
| B．He inspired Paul to make many headlines. |
| C．He directed Paul at different races. |
| D．He volunteered to tell jokes to Paul. |
| A．Creative. | B．Confident. | C．Ambitious. | D．Enthusiastic. |
| A．To claim Rebel to be promising. |
| B．To express appreciation to Rebel. |
| C．To draw public attention to Rebel. |
| D．To introduce Rebel’s achievements. |
| A．Taking part in a 5K race at Chile Pepper. |
| B．Directing others to finish the 3A boys race. |
| C．Breaking the record of twenty minutes. |
| D．Getting the qualification for cross-country. |
9 . People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learning.
Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, don’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity.
Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport.
| A．The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”. |
| B．Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way. |
| C．This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting. |
| D．That is to say, we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought. |
| E．It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two. |
| F．It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have. |
| G．All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme. |
10 . Online training is one of the fastest growing parts of the fitness industry. If you’re considering joining the online fitness community, consider these benefits and drawbacks.
One of the most popular reasons for working out following an online video is that it offers ultimate convenience. No need to roll out of bed at 5 a. m. to attend that 6 a. m. boot camp class, which may end up being full when you arrive.
Online training also has broad offerings. When you head online, you have instructors from around the globe, all ready and willing to help you master your favorite moves.
All these are undoubtedly positive-online training provides fitness resources to general consumers wherever they are, without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio.
Very few online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer corrections based on your performance.
| A．Another is the price. |
| B．But it’s not without problems. |
| C．The same goes for different types of exercise. |
| D．However, online personal training isn’t for everyone. |
| E．Instead, you can turn it on at home at your convenience. |
| F．That being said, online workouts aren’t perfect when it comes to safety. |
| G．This means you could perform exercises wrongly, or even unsafely, without knowing it. |
