1 . Sport is not only physically challenging , but it can also be mentally challenging . Criticism (批评) from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes . Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable .
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself .The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware ,at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw ( mistake ) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting , young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game , many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout .
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph ?| A．Mental stress should be reduced . | B．Sport should be made less competitive . |
| C．Stress should be made less. | D．Sport can be mentally challenging . |
| A．it can help them learn more about society |
| B．it enables them to criticize themselves |
| C．it can provide them with valuable experiences |
| D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves |
| A．enable children to enjoy sport | B．help children to win every game |
| C．train children to deal with stress | D．understand the meaning of sport |
| A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout |
| B．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism |
| C．to stress the importance of encouraging children |
| D．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement |
2 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?| A．They must run long distances. |
| B．They are qualified for the marathon. |
| C．They have to follow special rules. |
| D．They are good at swinging their legs. |
| A．It’s more popular at the Olympics. |
| B．It’s less challenging physically. |
| C．It’s more effective in body building. |
| D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. |
| A．Getting experts’ opinions. |
| B．Having a medical checkup. |
| C．Hiring an experienced coach. |
| D．Doing regular exercises. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Objective. |
| C．Tolerant. | D．Conservative. |
3 . My First Marathon
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!” By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21, I was starving！As I got close to mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself and free of worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
1. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?| A．To appreciate the support of his teacher. | B．To show he was not talented in sports. |
| C．To amuse the readers with a funny story. | D．To share a precious memory. |
| A．He walked to the end. | B．He quit halfway. |
| C．He got the first place. | D．He made it. |
| A．A man owes his success to his family support. | B．Failure is the mother of success. |
| C．A true winner is one with a great effort of will. | D．Well begun is half done. |
4 . If it really is what’s on the inside that counts, then a lot of thin people might be in trouble.
Some doctors now think that the internal fat surrounding important organs like the heart liver could be as dangerous as the external fat which can be noticed more easily.
“Being thin doesn’t surely mean you are not fat”, said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College.
Since 1994, Bell and his team have scanned nearly 800 people with MRI machines to create “fat maps” showing where people store fat.
According to the result, people who keep their weight through diet rather than exercise are likely to have major deposits of internal fat, even if they are slim.
Even people with normal Body Mass Index scores can have surprising levels of fat deposits inside. Of the women, as many as 45 percent of those with normal BMI scores (20 to 25) actually had too high levels of internal fat. Among men, the percentage was nearly 60 percent.
According to Bell, people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat. They eat too many fatty and sugary foods, but they are not eating enough to be fat. Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the belly first, but at some point, the body may start storing it elsewhere.
Doctors are unsure about the exact dangers of internal fat, but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病). They want to prove that internal fat damages the body's communication systems.
The good news is that internal fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your diet. “If you want to be healthy, there is no shortcut. Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle,” Bell said.
1. What is this passage mainly about?| A．Thin people may be fat inside. | B．Internal fat is of no importance. |
| C．Internal fat leads to many diseases. | D．Thin people don't have diabetes. |
| A．the exact dangers of internal fat |
| B．being slim is not dangerous at all |
| C．internal fat is the cause of heart disease |
| D．being slim doesn’t mean you are not fat inside |
| A．internal fat leading to disease has been proved |
| B．thin people usually have internal fat even if they are slim |
| C．it is easier to burn off internal fat than external fat |
| D．exercise plays an important role in people’s life for keeping healthy |
| A．a long road | B．an easy way |
| C．a clear difference | D．a short distance |
5 . Young American adults own smartphones at a higher rate than any other age group.
Researchers from Duke University wanted to see if using the smartphone with a low-cost weight-loss App might help young adults in the US who are overweight. If you're rooting for smartphones to solve all our health problems,you're not going to like what the researchers found.The smartphone App doesn't help young adults lose any weight
The study looked at 365 young adults aged 18 to 35.A third of the young adults used an Android App created for the study,which not only tracked their calories,weight and exercise but also offered interactive features like goal setting.games and social support.Another third of the young adults received six weekly personal coaching courses,followed by monthly phone follow-ups.Plus,this personal coaching group was also encouraged to track their weight, calories and exercise by smartphones.The last third of young adults were put into a control group and given three necessities on healthy eating and exercise-nothing else.
Researchers tracked the young adults progress after six months,one year and two years. The personal coaching group lost more weight than the other two groups at the six-month mark, but that lead(领先)disappeared at the one-and two-year follow-up.As for the group using the smartphone App,their average weight loss was never more than the other two groups. Lead author Laura Svetkey says that she and her colleagues were both surprised and disappointed at the results.“Given the power of cell phone apps and the popularity of these health and fitness apps,we thought this might be good to provide an effective solution at a low cost,”says Svetkey.
But Svetkey says it's difficult to get the same level of intensity(强度)in an App that you might get through personal coaching,Plus,she says,people tend to stop using weight-loss apps after a while.
There are good reasons to help young adults control their weight.Weight gain during the young adult years is associated with a variety of health problems later in life,including metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
Since I am a young American adult who uses a popular weight-loss App on my iPhone,I wonder if there is any real harm in using one of these apps,even if they aren't proven effective in research studies.So I turn to Svetkey.She says,"These study results aren't the reason to give up hope about the potential for weight-loss apps,but instead are the reason to strengthen research efforts.More work is needed to understand how to use the technology and show its strengths in a way that will lead people to change their eating and exercise behaviors.”
1. The underlined part"rooting for”in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to“".| A．disliking | B．supporting |
| C．quitting | D．doubting |
| A．the group using the smartphone App lost the most weight |
| B．participants in the control group failed to lose weight |
| C．all participants surveyed gains weight two years later |
| D．the personal coaching group was more successful at the six-month mark |
| A．Weight-loss apps in smartphones are an effective solution to over-weight people. |
| B．Compared with weight-loss apps,personal coaching is more effective. |
| C．Being overweight will cause serious diseases to people. |
| D．People should have confidence in weight-loss apps all the time. |
| A．there is a long way to go to help people lose weight with technology |
| B．people should eat less and exercise more |
| C．people are advised to give up using weight-loss apps |
| D．the more advanced technology is,the more benefits people will get |
6 . Staying fit and healthy plays an important role in our life. People sometimes ignore their health because of the busy daily schedules but there are some little things that you can do each day that will add to being healthy and fit. Here are some ways to stay fit and healthy.
Get regular check-ups. One should get a physical check-up every year to make sure everything is as it should be.
Eat breakfast. One should have healthy breakfast as it keeps you energetic for the best mental and physical performance.
Don’t skip lunch. We are trying to lose weight. We don’t have time and end up working through our lunch break. But try to eat a light lunch each day.
No late dinners. With our busy lives we always put off dinner until the last minute.
| A．Take enough exercise. |
| B．Work more and walk more. |
| C．Give them a try and see for yourself. |
| D．It helps to keep stable blood sugar levels. |
| E．Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. |
| F．There is no harm to get check-ups as it’s good for your body. |
| G．Skipping breakfast makes you form a bad eating habit in the long run. |
7 . Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain (保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It’s an opportunity to be social and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal inspire people to work hard.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support people receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves. If you feel that way, then group training is an even better option for you. It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction of a fitness instructor. If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track. Don’t let fitness frighten you!
If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support. Surround yourself with people who encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.
1. Why is group exercise more beneficial according to Paragraph 1?| A．It can help set practical goals. |
| B．It can improve physical fitness. |
| C．It can reduce stress and anxiety. |
| D．It can create a sense of belonging. |
| A．Peaceful. | B．Boring. | C．Cheerful. | D．Annoying. |
| A．Support from friends matters. |
| B．Doing sports alone is harmful. |
| C．We should often eat out with friends. |
| D．Jogging is the most beneficial sport. |
| A．Ways to do group exercise |
| B．Group exercise, better health |
| C．Without friends, without health |
| D．Benefits of doing exercise |
8 . This weekend a marathon took place in Salzburg, the city where I’m living. I admired the runners who ran 42.2 kilometers if they finished the course. I’ve never run for more than half an hour, so I’m amazed that some people manage to keep going for over four!
At university I play korfball. This is a team sport with eight people on each team. The aim is to shoot the ball into the hoop(篮圈), which is like basketball hoop, only higher! All players get a chance to attack and defend during the game and it’s very fast-paced.
When I started korfball, I wasn’t very good at it. I could throw and catch but I wasn’t very fast on my feet. Shooting was also difficult for me. Moreover, you often have to shoot on the move in korfball, and I found it hard to balance and shoot straight while running backwards away from my defender!
However, I really enjoyed the sport and made friends in the club, so I attended training twice a week. Two years later I am in the first team for my university and have played in many matches. This just shows if you train hard, you can succeed.
Running is difficult because you have to make yourself willing to keep going. I used to get really out of breath while running and I didn’t feel good at all! Now I actually enjoy going for a run along the river in Salzburg, feeling my muscles(肌肉) working and breathing in the fresh air.
Challenging exercise is always rewarding. Hiking is fun because all the hard work—walking uphill—comes at the beginning of the day. Then at the top of the mountain you can enjoy the view and some well-earned chocolate! At the end of the day you feel like you’ve really achieved something.
I will never be a marathon runner, but I would like to try a 10-km run sometime, or perhaps even a half-marathon. Seeing how happy the runners were as they crossed the finishing line made me want to have that feeling—the months of training paying off as you achieve your goal.
1. How did the author feel about running the marathon at first?| A．Tough. | B．Strange. |
| C．Enjoyable. | D．Exciting. |
| A．It helps him sleep well. | B．It gives him a sense of achievement. |
| C．It helps him lose weight. | D．It makes him become a marathon runner. |
| A．The meaning of keeping going. |
| B．The ways of doing sports. |
| C．The importance of regular exercise. |
| D．The benefits of running the marathon. |
9 . Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest getting at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity every week. Many people exercise for a few minutes every day or every other day. So, getting 150 minutes every week is easy.
But what about those times when you are sick? If you do not feel well, should you keep following your exercise habit? Following are the answers from health experts.
Edward R. Laskowski is a doctor at the Clinic. He and other experts have a general rule about exercising when you are sick. It is usually fine to exercise mildly, he explains, if your symptoms are all “above the neck”. These signs may include a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing or a minor sore throat.
Geralyn Coopersmith, a physical fitness trainer who has written several books on exercise and nutrition offers similar advice. However, both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear “below the neck.” Pay special attention to symptoms such as chest congestion, extreme cough or pain in the stomach.
There are other symptoms(症状) that can tell you to avoid exercise. They include: a higher than normal body temperature, a sense of feeling extremely tired, and widespread muscle pain.
Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest listening to your body. If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don’t feel too bad, these experts both suggest reducing the amount of exercise. For example, if you usually run, take a quick walk instead.
1. Which of the following statements is true?| A．It is a hard thing for people to exercise for 150 minutes every week. |
| B．It is fine to do light exercise when you have a runny nose and chest congestion. |
| C．Edward suggests doing exercise when you have muscle pain all over your body. |
| D．Geralyn holds people can exercise mildly when their symptoms are above the neck. |
| A．stop exercise | B．walk instead of run |
| C．ignore the symptoms | D．cut down the amount of exercise |
| A．Warnings against exercise when you are ill |
| B．Harmful effects of exercise when you are ill |
| C．Suggested time for exercise when you are ill |
| D．Professional tips on exercise when you are ill |
10 . Although its history can be somewhat traced back to ancient Korea, it is a true fact that Taekwondo as an organized art is relatively modern. In fact, the only recorded history begins in the mid 1900’s.
The actual beginnings of Taekwondo are not known to everyone, yet many historians believe it came from a Korean martial art from practiced over 1,300 years ago.
In the early 1900’s the art developed with the instruction of Chinese and Japanese techniques. Some Koreans were anxious because these influences did not prove the amazing kicking power of the art nor its traditional values or philosophy.
The actual name of Taekwondo wasn’t official until 1955. At that time Korean General Hong Hi Choi organized a movement to combine Korea’s various martial arts styles. He recommended the name “Taekwondo” to an organization specially founded to select a name for the new art. On April 11, 1955, Taekwondo was recognized as the name for the newly combined, officially recognized Korean martial art.
As an interesting side note, the word Taekwondo itself is made up of three Chinese/Korean words: Tae, meaning to kick or jump; Kwon, meaning fist or hand; and Do, which means “the way”. It can be thought of as “The Way of the Hand and Foot”.
In the 1960’s Taekwondo began to spread internationally and developed throughout the late 1900’s. It became a fighting sport, although self‒defense, fitness, and the philosophy of the practice are still main elements of Taekwondo.
Today, Taekwondo enjoys great popularity around the world. More than 20 million people practice Taekwondo in more than 120 countries. Taekwondo was also made an official sport in the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Korea.
1. After Taekwondo was influenced by Chinese and Japanese techniques, some Koreans thought that .| A．Taekwondo could be improved a lot |
| B．the kicking power might be ignored |
| C．Taekwondo could be filled with violence |
| D．the spirit of Taekwondo would be respected |
| A．recommend it to be an Olympic event |
| B．introduce it into other countries worldwide |
| C．combine other Korean martial arts style |
| D．persuade more Koreans to practice it |
| A．To introduce the history of Taekwondo. |
| B．To show how to practice Taekwondo. |
| C．To explain the name of Taekwondo. |
| D．To compare Taekwondo with other arts. |
