Chinese kung fu, also known as wushu or Chinese martial arts, is one of the most well-known examples of traditional Chinese culture. It is probably one of the     1    (early) and longest     2    (last) sports which uses both muscles and brain.

The theory of kung fu is based     3     classical Chinese philosophy(哲学). Over its long history it     4    (develop) as a unique combination of exercise, practical self-defense, self-discipline, and art.

It is estimated that Chinese kung fu dates back to primitive society. At that time people used sticks     5    (fight) against wild beasts.     6    (gradual) they accumulated experience in self-defense.

Chinese kung fu is a large system of theory and practice. It combines     7    (technique) of self-defense and health-keeping.

In Chinese kung fu, however, a     8    (different) is made between “external(外部的)” and “internal” kung fu.     9     is said that “In external kung fu, you exercise your tendons(筋), bones, and skin; in internal kung fu, you train your spirit, your qi, and your mind.” And so internal kung fu can continue later in life,     10     the external body weakens.

What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included several physical activities    1    show athletic ability or strength. But some sports can take the form of mental competitions. For instance, chess     2    (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people wonder    3    eSports should also be considered sports.

The word eSports is short for electronic sports. It is     4     form of competition in which professional players or gamers play video games either in teams or individually.     5    (typical), the winners receive prize money at the end of the competition.

The first eSports event was the one     6    (hold) by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game Spacewar! Over the next 30 years, video games     7    (explode) in popularity. More and more countries, such as South Korea, China and the United States, started to develop eSports into an industry. In the 2000s, television broadcasts of the competitions,     8    (feature) games like Street Fighter III, StarCraft, and Counter-strike, became popular. In the 2010s, thanks    9    online streaming services, eSports grew rapidly with more worldwide tournaments, more viewers, and larger    10    (prize). In 2020, the industry made more than US$1 billion for the first time ever.